1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 191 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Nearly two-thirds of businesses in the UK want to recruit staff with foreign language skills. French is still the most highly priz
2、ed language, but Spanish and Mandarin speakers are more【B1】_demand than in the past.Katja Hall, deputy director-general of Confederation of British Industry (CBI), said that,【B2】_the EU was the UKs largest export market, it was no surprise to see European languages so【B3】_valued. “【B4】_with China an
3、d Latin America seeing solid growth, ambitious firms want the language skills that can【B5】_the path into new markets,“ she said.The 2014 annual education and skills survey by the CBI and Pearson, the educational【B6】_that owns the Financial Times,【B7】_that 41 percent of the 291 companies surveyed acr
4、oss the UK【B8】_knowledge of a foreign language was【B9】_to their business. European languages French, German and Spanishstill【B10】_the list in terms of desirability, but these were closely【B11】_by Mandarin and Arabic.Ms Hall said it was【B12】_whether recent government initiatives to encourage language
5、 learning in schools would have any【B13】_. “It has been a【B14】_to see foreign language study in our schools under pressure with one in five schools having a【B15】_low take-up of languages,“ she said. “Young people【B16 】 _their future subject choices should be made more【B17 】_of the benefits to their
6、careers that can【B18】_from studying a foreign language.“The number of students studying foreign languages has【B19 】_in the past decade. In January, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said the number of “skills shortage vacancies“ had risen from 16 per cent of all【B20】_in 2009 to 22 per cent
7、 in 2013.1 【B1 】（A）on（B） in（C） of（D）with2 【B2 】（A）given（B） provided（C） supposed（D）taken3 【B3 】（A）suddenly（B） constantly（C） highly（D）strongly4 【B4 】（A）Furthermore（B） Therefore（C） Meanwhile（D）But5 【B5 】（A）smooth（B） open（C） prepare（D）stimulate6 【B6 】（A）company（B） group（C） publisher（D）association7 【B7 】
8、（A）studied（B） found（C） figured（D）estimated8 【B8 】（A）believed（B） excelled（C） reported（D）insisted9 【B9 】（A）accessible（B） amiable（C） beneficial（D）effective10 【B10 】（A）topped（B） accounted（C） evaded（D）controlled11 【B11 】（A）guarded（B） followed（C） tied（D）confirmed12 【B12 】（A）unclear（B） obvious（C） expectant
9、（D）measurable13 【B13 】（A）significance（B） function（C） impact（D）response14 【B14 】（A）happiness（B） worry（C） surprise（D）sadness15 【B15 】（A）persistently（B） unpredictably（C） accidentally（D）irregularly16 【B16 】（A）suggesting（B） requiring（C） mentioning（D）considering17 【B17 】（A）sentimental（B） aware（C） wise（D）t
10、houghtful18 【B18 】（A）come（B） drop（C） free（D）result19 【B19 】（A）fluctuated（B） floated（C） slumped（D）jumped20 【B20 】（A）vacancies（B） jobs（C） categories（D）scoresPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 On her first mornin
11、g in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhoodalone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how s
12、he had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. She had taken possession of her new environment, and was keen to teach us things we didn t know.When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbe
13、lief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam around without adult supervision. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles, has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their leisure time at home. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by a
14、dults. Such narrowing of the childs world has happened across the developed world. But Germany is generally much more accepting of letting children take some risks. To this German parent, it seems that America s middle class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level.“We are depriving them of
15、 opportunities to learn how to take control of their own lives,“ writes Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College. He argues that this increases “the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, and so on,“ which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. He sees risky, outside
16、play of children among themselves without adult supervision as a way of learning to control strong emotions like anger and fear.I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I won t be around forever to protect my girl from the challenges life holds in store for her, so the earlier she develo
17、p the intellectual maturity to navigate the world, the better. And by giving kids more control over their lives, they learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities.It is hard for parents to balance the desire to protect their children against the desire to make them more self-reliant. And
18、every one of us has to decide for himself what level of risk he is ready to accept. But parents who prefer to keep their children always in sight and under their thumbs should consider what sort of trade-offs are involved in that choice.21 Which of the following is NOT true about the author s daught
19、er?（A）She went out without adult supervision.（B） She knew where the little park was located.（C） She visited her new neighbors and made some friends.（D）She had more ideas about the surroundings than the author.22 Different from American kids, German kids（A）are allowed to be faced with some risks.（B）
20、spend about 10% of their free time at home.（C） will be overprotected when moved in America.（D）are more self-reliant than kids in any other developed countries.23 According to Peter Gray, overprotection may lead to（A）underlying risks.（B） mental disorders.（C） adolescent rebellion.（D）emotional problems
21、.24 The authors attitude towards loosening the control over kids is（A）confident.（B） objective.（C） critical.（D）supportive.25 The most appropriate title for this text would be（A）The Case for Free-range Parenting.（B） The Drawback of Adult Supervision.（C） Protection or Hands-off Management.（D）American P
22、arenting vs. German Parenting.25 A paper in the Lancet, shamelessly timed to coincide with the Olympic games, compares countries rates of physical activity. The study it describes, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University of Pelotas, in Brazil, is the most complete portrait yet of the worlds bu
23、sy bees and couch potatoes.It suggests that nearly a third of adults are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have conspired to create a world in which the flexing
24、 of muscles is more and more an option rather than a necessity.But only recently have enough good data been collected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr. Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in. In all, they were able to pool data from 122 countries, covering 89% of the world
25、s population. They considered sufficient physical activity to be 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days a week, 20 minutes of vigorous exercise three days a week, or some combination of the two. There are common themes in different places.Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active t
26、han those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Iraq and Finland, for example, move more than their male countrymen.Six Americans in ten are
27、sufficiently active by Dr. Hallal s definition, compared with fewer than four in ten Britons. In an accompanying analysis of people s habits, Dr. Hallal found equally wide differences. In South-East Asia fewer than a quarter sit for at least four hours each day; in Europe 64% do. And even neighbors
28、may differ. Only 2% of Swiss walk to work, whereas 23% of Germans do so. These high rates of inactivity are worrying.Paradoxically, human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while eschewing it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not
29、 provide enough of it to be beneficial, while over-exercising would use up scarce calories to little advantage. But that no longer pertains. According to another paper in the Lancet, insufficient activity these days has nearly the same effect on life expectancy as smoking.26 Which of the following s
30、tatements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?（A）The paper in the Lancet was published when the Olympic games began.（B） Pedro Hallal did a research about diligent and lazy people around.（C） It is surprising that people find the rates of exercise have dropped.（D）After the industrial rev
31、olution, people gradually choose to exercise.27 Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Dr. Hallal and his colleagues as part of ways of sufficient physical activity?（A）Do exercise less than an hour everyday.（B） Do moderate exercise 30 minutes, five days a week.（C） Do vigorous exercise 20 minutes
32、, three days a week.（D）A combination of B and C.28 From the findings of the study, we learn that（A）people in poor countries are more inactive than those in wealthy ones.（B） young people move less than the aged.（C） the rates of inactive among women tend to be higher than those of men.（D）in Finland, w
33、omen exercise more than men in the country.29 The comparison of rates of Swiss and Germans walk to work is used to illustrate（A）the wide differences even in neighboring countries.（B） the different analyses of people s habits.（C） the high rates of inactivity in two countries.（D）the worrying about the
34、ir differences.30 It can be inferred from the passage that the Lancet is a journal on（A）evolution.（B） medicine.（C） economy.（D）sports.30 Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years ago this month that America s Surgeon General sounded that warni
35、ng, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity.Some 20 million Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped fr
36、om 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar.The current Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal
37、cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes altogether.New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. E-cigarettes give users a hit of vapour infused with nicotine. In America, sales of the manufa
38、cturer, who is the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter, have jumped from nearly nothing five years ago to at least 1 billion in 2013.At first, it looked as if e-cigarettes might lure smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups such as NJOY. But tobacco companies have bigger war chests, more knowledge o
39、f smokers habits and better ties to distributors than the newcomers. Some experts reckon Americans will puff more e-cigarettes than normal ones within a decade, but tobacco folk are skeptical. E-cigarettes account for just 1% of Americas cigarette market. In Europe 7% of smokers had tried e-cigarett
40、es by 2012 but only 1% kept them up.And no one knows what sort of restrictions regulators will eventually place on reduced risk products, including e-cigarettes. If these companies can manage the transition to less harmful smokes, and convince regulators to be sensible, the tobacco giants could keep
41、 up the sort of performance that has made their shares such a fine investment over the years. But some analysts are not so sure.Many tobacco firms are struggling to deliver the consistency of the earnings-per-share model we ve seen in the past. If that persists, investors may fall out of love with t
42、he industry. A half-century after the Surgeon General s alarm, they, and hopeless smokers, are its last remaining friends.31 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that cigarette manufacturing in the United States（A）was of sufficient importance.（B） was put forward by America s Surgeon General.（C） began
43、to go downhill.（D）used to be an honorable activity.32 According to the passage, e-cigarettes（A）supply smokers with nicotine more safely.（B） help the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter gain sales 1 billion times.（C） are mastered by all tobacco firms as a new technology.（D）have lured smokers from the big to
44、bacco brands to startups.33 The phases “war chests“ (Para. 5) most probably means（A）space.（B） funds.（C） networks.（D）competitors.34 The smokers attitude toward the consumption of e-cigarettes is（A）pessimistic.（B） uncertain.（C） optimistic.（D）doubtful.35 What is the passage mainly about?（A）The potency
45、of tobacco s advertising bans.（B） The hostile regulatory climate of tobacco in the U.S（C） The current situation and challenge of big tobacco firms.（D）The introduction and growth of e-cigarettes.35 “Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, o
46、nce asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.Ive been thinking about t
47、his after reading Fareed Zakarias smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well.First, libera
48、l arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. “A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy,“ says Lawrence Katz, a labour
49、economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skills excellence at communicating and working with peoplewith technical skills.My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these iss
