1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 200 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Many young people go to university without clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. If a student goes to a university t
2、o 【B1】_ a broader perspective, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think 【B2】_ himself, he will undoubtedly【B3】_.Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its timetables and【B4】_, to allow a student much time for independent assessment of his work. Students should have longer time to d
3、ecide the subjects they want to 【B5】_ for their degrees, so 【B6】_ in later life they do not look back and say “I should like to have been an architect. If I had not taken a 【B7】 _ in Modern Languages, I should not have ended up 【B8】_ the job as an interpreter, 【B9】_ its so late.“ Another question is
4、 how to make the best【B10】_of ones time at university. This is the case of the student who excels【B11】_a particular branch of learning. He is immediately【B12 】_to the university of his choice, and spends his four years becoming specialized in this field, finally emerging with a first-class Honor Deg
5、ree, but very【B13 】_knowledge of what the【B14】_of the world is all about.It【B15】_becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be【B16】_detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to ha
6、ve, on the one hand, a【B17 】_of specialists【B18】_of anything【B19】_their own subject, or on the other hand ever-increasing number of graduates qualified in subject for which there is little or no【B20】_in the working world.1 【B1 】（A）acquire（B） require（C） gain（D）demand2 【B2 】（A）of（B） on（C） in（D）for3 【B
7、3 】（A）profit（B） benefit（C） undermine（D）impair4 【B4 】（A）limitations（B） disciplines（C） requirements（D）punishments5 【B5 】（A）choose（B） prove（C） assist（D）grant6 【B6 】（A）which（B） whereas（C） that（D）what7 【B7 】（A）degree（B） class（C） part（D）interest8 【B8 】（A）in（B） for（C） with（D）toward9 【B9 】（A）so（B） thus（C） b
8、ut（D）and10 【B10 】（A）fun（B） much（C） nothing（D）use11 【B11 】（A）in（B） with（C） on（D）off12 【B12 】（A）tested（B） admitted（C） enrolled（D）noticed13 【B13 】（A）much（B） little（C） many（D）few14 【B14 】（A）rest（B） outside（C） part（D）section15 【B15 】（A）therefore（B） however（C） while（D）like16 【B16 】（A）many（B） less（C） littl
9、e（D）more17 【B17 】（A）couple（B） chain（C） series（D）band18 【B18 】（A）fond（B） ignorant（C） true（D）afraid19 【B19 】（A）above（B） below（C） beyond（D）over20 【B20 】（A）demand（B） request（C） requirement（D）claimPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
10、 D. (40 points)20 Today we re told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. In fact, one-third to one-half of Americans are introverts. If youre not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.If these statistics surprise you, that s
11、 probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Some fool even themselves, until some life event jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts
12、.It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal. The archetypal extrovert works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individualthe k
13、ind whos comfortable “putting himself out there“. Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of d
14、oing so.Introversionalong with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shynessis now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are.Extroversio
15、n is an enormously appealing personality style, but weve turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talk active people, for example, are rated
16、 as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. We rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatizedone informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in v
17、ivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inne
18、r worlds and the treasures to be found there.21 We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_.（A）most people in America are introvert（B） American people prefer introvert to extrovert（C） your family members or friends may pretend to be extrovert（D）in American society, only the extrovert could succ
19、eed22 Many introverts hide their real character because of the following EXCEPT_.（A）we are living in an Extrovert Ideal society（B） both teamwork and social activities are suited to the extrovert（C） people only accept one kind of individualthe extrovert（D）gifted loners could be tolerated because of t
20、heir wealth23 The word “pathology“ in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_.（A）termagancy（B） optimism（C） depression（D）abnormality24 Laurie Helgoe is mentioned in Paragraph 5 to show_.（A）according to a research, the word “introvert“ has been insulted（B） Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many res
21、earches（C） psychologist believe that talk active people are smarter and more interesting（D）people believe that fast talkers are more desirable as friends25 Which of the following would be the authors attitude toward introvert?（A）skeptical（B） positive（C） negative（D）disgusted25 Speaking two languages
22、rather than just one has obvious practical benefits. In recent years, scientists have begun to show that being bilingual makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.Researchers, educ
23、ators and policy makers in 20 century considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a childs academic and intellectual development. There is ample evidence that in a bilingual s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language,
24、thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference isnt so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. The collective evidence from a number of such
25、 studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain s so-called executive function. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mindlike remembering a sequence of directions while dri
26、ving.Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system. But that explanation increas
27、ingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may
28、 be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often,“ says Albert Costa, a searcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving
29、.“ In a study comparing Ger man-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Cost and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were m
30、ore efficient at it.The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age, and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.26 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the advantage of speaking two langu
31、ages?（A）Improving other field s cognitive skills.（B） Benefiting to the brain and making people smarter.（C） Protecting against Alzheimer s disease.（D）Enhancing the reactivity and memory.27 The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means_.（A）this interference may help develop our brain（B） our brain will
32、face more challenges from bilingual learning（C） bilingual experience could improve speakers comprehension（D）speaking two languages obstructs people s memory of driving28 The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals is that_.（A）the basic ability restrains two languages（B） they pay attention
33、 to the changes of their own conditions（C） bilinguals are more efficient and cautious（D）bilinguals are more sensitive to surroundings29 According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?（A）People believe that monolingual learning positively affects the brain.（B） Monolinguals need to neglect brai
34、ns internal conflict and stay focused.（C） Bilinguals could do better in observing the changes of environment.（D）Bilingual experience affects children more than old people.30 What is the most suitable subject of the passage?（A）Bilingual learning could benefit from their ability.（B） Bilingual could wo
35、rk effectively without disturbance.（C） Two active language systems make people smarter.（D）It is never too late to learn a second language.30 The Term “CYBERSPACE“ was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. In the book Mr. Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experi
36、enced daily by billions of legitimate operators“ and “a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.“The myriad connections forged by these computing devices have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanitys collect
37、ive store of knowledge every day. But data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost.The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Americas president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year th
38、at cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers“ the country is facing.Securing cyberspace is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing
39、 rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CEIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billiona sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.There is also the risk of cybe
40、r-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible.The biggest day-to-day threats faced b
41、y companies and government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks.Cyberspace is
42、about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful.But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the
43、 internet of things could easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.31 William
44、 Gibson is mentioned to_.（A）tell readers the origin of website（B） demonstrate the earliest use of the Internet（C） introduce the tremendous benefits to everyone（D）show the prescient in his literally creation32 According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（A）Network threat is the most seri
45、ous social threat today.（B） The advantages of Internet outweigh the disadvantages.（C） Data leakage becomes increasingly popular on the Internet.（D）Internet fraud has become one of the security dangers.33 The word “sabotage“ in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_.（A）destruction（B） menace（C） persecu
46、te（D）plagiary34 In the last two paragraphs, the author worries that_.（A）billions of new devices will be connected to the web（B） crooks and spooks steal financial data and trade secrets（C） some new massive changes of cyber-threats will happen（D）hackers may take advantage of the Internet of things 35
47、The author s attitude toward hackers is _.（A）skeptical（B） ambiguous（C） negative（D）sympathetic35 The bastion of excellence in American education is being destroyed by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and med
48、iocre teaching and scholarship.Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of b
49、usiness.Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possible through the door, regardless of qualifications. We create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has improved management?You wont hear much about this from college deans or university pre
