1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 213 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Although the names on the list of SIFI are supposed to be secret. AIG and Prudential, two insurers, this week confirmed they are o
2、n it. So too did GE Capital, the conglomerates financial arm. These firms, and perhaps others, have joined Americas largest banks and clearing houses in being 【C1 】_ “systemically important financial institutions“ (SIFIs) by the new Financial Stability Oversight Council, a regulatory watchdog. What
3、that means in practice is that 【C2】_ they are thought to be 【C3】_ enough to blow up Americas economy, they should get special 【C4】 _. An appeals process against being 【C5】_ a SIFI will last for 30 days, but discussions have been going on for years so it is hard to believe minds will be 【C6】 _ now. T
4、he immediate 【C7】_ is that the firms will be regulated by the Fed and 【C8】_ to tougher capital and operational requirements. Jack Lew, the treasury secretary, said the designations would “protect taxpayers, reduce risk in the financial system, and 【C9】_ financial stability.“Others are less 【C10】_. “
5、This is a catastrophe,“ says Peter Wallison, a fellow of the American Enterprise Institute, a think-tank, and a former White House counsel. Putting these institutions under the 【C11】_ of the Fed will 【C12】_ undermine their ability to innovate, he argues. And joining the group of entities perceived t
6、o be too big to fail means they will enjoy an 【C13 】_ government guarantee. That will put them at a funding advantage 【C14 】_ smaller companies, he says, and 【C15】_ that their products are government-backed, a huge help for insurers in particular.Firms themselves appear to have 【C16】_ feelings about
7、 the SIFI label. AIG seems to approve; MetLife, an insurer that has not been designated, thinks that the higher capital requirements it brings could 【C17】_ the viability of some products. Much depends on whether SIFIs are now perceived to have an implicit guarantee, and on 【C18 】_ that can be moneti
8、sed. It also 【C19 】_ how many other firms are designated SIFIs. Lots of financial firms in America are large: there are rumblings a-bout money-market funds, asset managers and private-equity firms. Risk can move around the financial system. The question today is which firms should be on the list. Ev
9、entually it might be which to 【C20】_.1 【C1 】（A）designated（B） voted（C） commented（D）repealed2 【C2 】（A）although（B） despite（C） because（D）however3 【C3 】（A）trivial（B） significant（C） peripheral（D）common4 【C4 】（A）attachment（B） attention（C） aspiration（D）arrangement5 【C5 】（A）cancelled（B） decided（C） called（D）l
10、abeled6 【C6 】（A）swayed（B） swiveled（C） swung（D）transformed7 【C7 】（A）reason（B） consequence（C） effect（D）influence8 【C8 】（A）inflicted（B） subjected（C） controlled（D）regulated9 【C9 】（A）obstruct（B） facilitate（C） hinder（D）promote10 【C10 】（A）enthusiastic rosy（B） pessimistic（C） negative11 【C11 】（A）hand（B） palm
11、（C） thumb（D）toe12 【C12 】（A）suddenly（B） inevitably（C） swiftly（D）consequently13 【C13 】（A）implicit（B） explicit（C） hidden（D）secret14 【C14 】（A）amid（B） about（C） with（D）against15 【C15 】（A）declare（B） imply（C） hint（D）announce16 【C16 】（A）positive（B） negative（C） mixed（D）complicated17 【C17 】（A）undermine（B） sabo
12、tage（C） destroy（D）ruin18 【C18 】（A）what（B） which（C） whether（D）/19 【C19 】（A）matters（B） calculates（C） increases（D）decreases20 【C20 】（A）focus upon（B） delete（C） give attention（D）leave offPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 po
13、ints)20 Management consultants, investment banks and big law firms are the Holy Trinity of white-collar careers. They recruit up to a third of the graduates of the worlds best universities. They offer starting salaries in excess of $ 100,000 and a chance of making many multiples of that. They also p
14、rovide a ladder to even better things. The top ranks of governments and central banks are sprinkled with Goldman Sachs and McKinsey veterans. Technology firms, though they are catching up fast, have nothing like the same grip on the global elite. Which raises a pressing question; how do you maximize
15、 your chances of joining such elite professional-services firms?Lauren Rivera of Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management has spent a decade studying how these firms recruit. According to her, the best way to get into the tiny group of elite firms is to be studying at the tiny group of
16、elite universities. The firms spend millions of dollars love-bombing these institutions with recruiting events: students can spend the recruitment season wining and dining at their expense. However, as Ms. Rivera notes, firms reject the vast majority of elite students they interview: so even the mos
17、t pedigreed need to learn how to game the system. The most important tip is to look at who is doing the recruiting. The firms use revenue-generating staff rather than human-resources people to decide who has the right stuff.The interviewers are trying to juggle their day jobs with their recruiting d
18、uties. In the interview room they behave predictably: they follow a set script, starting with some ice-breaking chit-chat, then asking you about yourself, then setting a work-related problem. That makes them desperate for relief from the tedium. Be enthusiastic. Hang on their every word. And flatter
19、 their self-image as “the best of the best“. The most important quality recruiters are looking for is “fit“: for all their supposedly rigorous testing of candidates, they would sooner choose an easy-going person with a second-class mind than a Mark Zuckerberg-type genius who rubs people up the wrong
20、 way.Staff in professional-services firms spend most of their time dealing with clients; so looking the part is essential. They also expect their employees to spend extraordinary amounts of time togetherlearning the ropes in boot camps, working late in the office, having constant work dinners, getti
21、ng stuck together in airports in godforsaken places.One candidate in Ms. Riveras sample passed the interview by adopting the persona of a successful consultant that he knew at that firm. Even if you do not go that far, you must at all costs avoid appearing nerdy or eccentric. The old-fashioned belie
22、f still prevails that playing team sports, especially posh ones like rowing, makes for a rounded character. The final key to success is to turn your interviewer into a champion: someone who is willing to go to bat for you when the hiring committee meets to whittle down the list.21 Why are the techno
23、logy firms less attractive for global elite compared with the Holy Trinity?（A）Technology firms recruit up less than a third of the graduates of the worlds best universities.（B） There is an income gap between the technology firms and the Goldman Sachs and McKinsey.（C） The post of technology firms can
24、not help them hunt a job in management consultants.（D）The chance to hold investment post for technology firms employees is remote.22 What can we infer from the second paragraph?（A）Human-resources people are preferred to recruit the students of elite universities.（B） The revenue-generating staff is m
25、ore efficient in recruiting students.（C） The staff of recruiting is the most decisive factor in elite recruiting.（D）Students in elite universities will spend a lot to win the recruitment season.23 What makes interviewers want to escape from the interview?（A）The flatter on their image from interviewe
26、es makes them uncomfortable.（B） The interviewees rub people up the wrong way as Mark Zuckerberg-type genius.（C） They cannot find the most important quality of fit in the interview.（D）The tedious and routine way to recruit people makes them frustrated.24 One candidate in Ms. Riveras sample who passed
27、 the interview is mentioned to show that_.（A）playing team sports makes for a rounded character to win a position in the firm（B） having constant work dinners is indispensible for winning a position in the firm（C） being fit and the part is essential for candidates to win a position in the firm（D）the o
28、ld-fashioned belief will help you win a position in the firm25 Which of the following is the best title for this passage?（A）How to Make the Best Use of Chances to Get a Job in Some Elite Firms（B） How to Make Yourself Attractive during the Job Interview of Elite Firms（C） How to Balance the Quality of
29、 Fit and the Mind of Creative（D）How to Effectively Evaluate a Qualified Candidate of Some Elite Firms25 The made-for-TV movie about a tornado carrying man-eating sharks was a surprise hit in America. The preposterous plot of Sharknado may strike a chord with media bosses who have watched the Interne
30、t ravage their business over the past decade. Newspapers have lost readers and advertising to the Internet. Book and music shops have closed for good. Sales of DVDs and CDs have plummeted. The television industry has so far resisted big disruption but that has not stopped doomsayers predicting a fli
31、ght of advertising and viewers.In 2008 Jeff Zucker, then the president of NBC Universal, a big entertainment group, lamented the trend of “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies“. But those pennies are starting to add up. And even Mr. Zucker, now boss of CNN Worldwide, a TV news channel, has c
32、hanged his tune. “Old media is well, well beyond digital pennies.“ he says.What has changed his mind? The surge in smartphones, tablet computers and broadband speeds has encouraged more people to pay for content they can carry around with them. And all-access services, which give unlimited content o
33、n mobile devices for a monthly fee, are promoting people to spend more on digital products. After years of wreaking havoc, the Internet is helping media companies to grow. Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm, reckons online licensing was responsible for about a third of the growth in revenues at C
34、BS, an American media firm, in 2012.The most obvious change in the past few years is the decline of “physical“ products, such as CDs, DVDs and print newspapers. In 2008 nearly nine-tenths of consumer cash went on them; by 2017 it will be a little over half, with digital grabbing the rest. Newspapers
35、 are trying to peddle digital subscriptions; the New York Times has nearly 700,000 online subscribers, but few others have done so well. So there is still a big question. Some wonder whether the prices that can be charged for computerized products “can support the underlying industries if they are n
36、ot also physical businesses“.Some media firms need to get bigger and trim costs. But new technology does provide opportunities for media industry. The value of archives is growing in the Internet age; owners can profit from older programs that are rarely broadcast. The Internet can also help firms b
37、ecome cleverer. Concerts have become the lifeblood of the music industry and make up more than half of revenues. Acts used to go on tour to sell albums. Now they put out albums so they can make their living on the road. Publishers are releasing books electronically to test sales before putting them
38、in print, and to adjust prices to drive demand. Experiments that were once impossibly expensive now cost peanuts. The trade of dollars for digital pennies doesnt always hurt.26 The statement “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies“(Para.2) implies _.（A）the lamentation of disruption of fortune
39、caused by Internet（B） NBC Universal has changed its tune of digital pennies（C） digital media cannot rival with the old one（D）digital section of media contributes more to Jeff Zuckers industry27 Jeff Zucker believed that digital media is gaining its importance most probably because of _.（A）the emerge
40、nce of “all-access“ services（B） the easy availability of the media content（C） the profitability brought by cyber technology（D）the low price of the monthly fee28 In Paragraph 4, the digital business of other newspapers is mentioned to show _.（A）the decline of physical products（B） the digital section
41、is grabbing bigger share（C） the endeavor is peddling digital users（D）the feasibility of computerized version29 According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true?（A）Media business can benefit from Internet in certain ways.（B） Some experiments in publishing business used to be cheap.（C）
42、Albums now make up half of revenues of music industry.（D）The Internet age promotes the value of the peanuts.30 Whats the authors attitude towards the digital media?（A）Skeptical.（B） Supportive.（C） Biased.（D）Detached.30 For more than a decade, the prevailing view of innovation has been that little guy
43、s had the edge. Innovation bubbled up from the bottom, from upstarts and insurgents. Big companies didnt innovate, and government got in the way. In the dominant innovation narrative, venture-backed start-up companies were cast as the nimble winners and large corporations as the sluggish losers.Ther
44、e was a rich vein of business-school research supporting the notion that innovation comes most naturally from small-scale outsiders. That was the headline point that a generation of business people, venture investors and policy makers took away from Clayton M. Christensens 1997 classic, The Innovato
45、rs Dilemma, which examined the process of disruptive change.But a shift in thinking is under way, driven by altered circumstances. In the United States and abroad, the biggest economic and social challengesand potential business opportunitiesare problems in multifaceted fields like the environment,
46、energy and health care that rely on complex systems.Solutions wont come from the next new gadget or clever software, though such innovations will help. Instead, they must plug into a larger network of change shaped by economics, regulation and policy. Progress, experts say, will depend on people in
47、a wide range of disciplines, and collaboration across the public and private sectors.“These days, more than ever, size matters in the innovation game,“ said John Kao, a former professor at the Harvard business school and an innovation consultant to governments and corporations. In its economic recov
48、ery package, the Obama administration is financing programs to generate innovation with technology in health care and energy. The government will spend billions to accelerate the adoption of electronic patient records to help improve care and curb costs, and billions more to spur the installation of
49、 so called smart grids that use sensors and computerized meters to reduce electricity consumption.In other developed nations, where energy costs are higher than in the United States, government and corporate projects to cut fuel use and reduce carbon emissions are further along. But the Obama administration is pushing environmental and energy conservation policy more in the direction of Europe and Japan. The change will bolster demand for more eff
