1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 31 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of【C1】_oil is over. What we all do next will
2、 determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and【C2】_Demand is soaring like【C3】_before. As populations grow and economies【C4】_, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle that【 C5】_increasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say that
3、 in 20 years the world will【C6 】_40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, many of the worlds oil and gas fields are【C7】_. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to【C8】_, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meet
4、s【C9 】_supplies, the result is more【C10】_for the same resources.We can wait until a crisis forces us to do something.【C11】_we can【C12】_to working together, and start by asking the【C13】_questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations? What role w
5、ill renewables and【C14】_energies play? What is the best way to protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts?【C15】_actions we take, we must look not just to next year,【 C16】_to the next 50 years.At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the【C
6、17】_on which to build this new world. We cannot do this alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution as【C18】_as they are part of the problem. We【C19】_scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and
7、each one of you to be part of【C20】_the next era of energy.1 【C1 】（A）fossil（B） eternal（C） easy（D）formidable2 【C2 】（A）after（B） beyond（C） later（D）afterward3 【C3 】（A）never（B） long（C） ever（D）sometime4 【C4 】（A）take on（B） take to（C） take off（D）take after5 【C5 】（A）acquires（B） requires（C） rescues（D）inquires6
8、 【C6 】（A）consume（B） restrain（C） resume（D）comprise7 【C7 】（A）emerging（B） menacing（C） erupting（D）maturing8 【C8 】（A）extract（B） construct（C） extol（D）extemporize9 【C9 】（A）ampler（B） surplus（C） emergent（D）tighter10 【C10 】（A）accommodation（B） competition（C） stimulation（D）cooperation11 【C11 】（A）Or else（B） Neve
9、rtheless（C） Or（D）Albeit12 【C12 】（A）commit（B） strive（C） conduct（D）simulate13 【C13 】（A）novel（B） toxic（C） numerous（D）tough14 【C14 】（A）alternate（B） subterranean（C） alternative（D）abundant15 【C15 】（A）Once（B） However（C） Although（D）Whatever16 【C16 】（A）but then（B） but（C） but yet（D）but for17 【C17 】（A）mileston
10、es（B） milieu（C） cornerstones（D）correspondence18 【C18 】（A）symbolically（B） synchronously（C） swiftly（D）surely19 【C19 】（A）call upon（B） call off（C） call forth（D）call over20 【C20 】（A）revoking（B） reshaping（C） reverting（D）reversingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below e
11、ach text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 John Battelle is Silicon Valleys Bob Woodward. As one of the founders of Wired magazine, he has hung around Google for so long that he has come to be as close as any outsider can to actually being an insider. Certainly, Googles founders, Sergey Brin a
12、nd Larry Page, and its chief executive, Eric Schmidt, believe that it is safer to talk to Mr. Battelle than not to do so.The result is a highly readable account of Googles astonishing risethe steepest in corporate historyfrom its origins in Stanford University to its controversial stockmarket debut
13、and its current str-uggle to become a grown-up company while staying true to its youthfully brash motto, “Dont be evil. “ Mr. Battelle makes the reader warm to Googles ruling triumviratetheir cleverness and their good intentionsand fear for their future as they take on the world.Google is one of the
14、 most interesting companies around at the moment. It has a decent shot at displacing Microsoft as the next great near-monopoly of the information age. Its ambitionto organise all the worlds information, not just the information on the world wide webis epic, and its commercial power is frightening. B
15、eyond this, Google is interesting for the same reason that secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities are interestingfor being opaque, colourful and, simply, itself.The book disappoints only when Mr. Battelle begins trying to explain the wider relevance of internet search and its possible fut
16、ure development. There is a lot to say on this subject, but Mr. Battelle is hurried and overly chatty, producing laundry lists of geeky concepts without really having thought any of them through properly. This is not a fatal flaw. Read only the middle chapters, and you have a great book.21 The phras
17、e “warm to“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably means（A）become evaporated through（B） be fed up with（C） be heated to（D）become more interested in22 Google is eye-catching due to its_.（A）distinctiveness（B） infiniteness（C） selfishness（D）aggressiveness23 The work by John Battelle w
18、ould be perfected if appropriate consideration is given to（A）the relationship between internet research and its potential future development（B） secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities under control（C） the disappointments in Google and its rivals in respects to geeky concepts（D）companies in
19、terests in Google at the moment when the worlds economy is booming24 According to the text, the authors attitude toward Mr. Battelles work is_.（A）strong disapproval（B） total denial（C） qualified consent（D）enthusiastic support25 The text seems to be_.（A）a scientific paper（B） a book review（C） a graduat
20、ion dissertation（D）an academic criticism25 “Im a total geek all around,“ says Angela Byron, a 27-year-old computer programmer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Community College. And yet, like many other students, she “never had the confidence“ to approach any of the various open-source softwa
21、re communities on the internet-distributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the worlds most popular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source software, Ms. Byron spent the summer contributing code to
22、Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. “Its awesome,“ she says.Ms. Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepted for Googles “summer of code“. While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer camp, the students neither went to Googles campus in
23、 Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor. Each of the participating open-source projects received $500 for every student it took on; and each student received $4,50
24、0 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt.All of this is the idea of Chris DiBona, Googles open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Googles founders, last year. They realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every sum
25、mer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. “We want to make it better for students in the summer,“ says Mr. DiBona, adding that it also helps the open-source community and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open-source softwar
26、e behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, “it does become an opportunity for recruiting. “Elliot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a “Bayesian network toolbox“ for Python, an open-source programming language. “Im a pretty big fan of Google,“ he says. He has an interview schedu
27、led with Microsoft, but “Google is the only big company that I would work at,“ he says. And if that doesnt work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, “and its a lot less intimidating. “26 Ms. Byrons comment on her own summer experiment is_.（A）negative（B） biased（C） puzzling（D）enthusi
28、astic27 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the participants of Googles “summer of code“ have_.（A）been selected（B） been educated（C） been blamed（D）been enlightened28 The work of the participating open-source projects conducted by students, according to the text, is_.（A）incoherent（B） rew
29、arded（C） incessant（D）gratuitous29 The idea of Chris DiBona, according to the text, is enriched by_.（A）T-shirt sales（B） open-source（C） programmers talent（D）others wisdom30 Elliot Cohen is mentioned in the text so as to_.（A）illustrate the indirect effect of “summer of code“ on Googles recruitment（B） i
30、ndicate the academic level of Berkeley, USA（C） clarify Elliot Cohens summer experience in writing network toolbox（D）lay emphasis on the fact that university students are big fans of Google30 Soon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he wa
31、s being accused of failing to reform the world body in six weeks. “But what are you complaining about?“ asked the Russian ambassador. “Youve had more time than God.“ Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, “but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and all the
32、 committees. “Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th - 16th, had turned in
33、to such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March. “With 191 member states“, he sighed, “its not easy to get an agreement. “Most countries put the blame On the United States, in the form of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on
34、hundreds of last-minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The ris
35、k of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the worlds leaders to come to New York for, was averted only by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks.The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconst
36、ruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new “responsibility to protect“ people from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if
37、necessary, by force; and an “early“ reform of the Security Council. Although much pared down, all these proposals have at least survived.Others have not. Either they proved so contentious that they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the Internation
38、al Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it “in all its forms and manifestations, co
39、mmitted by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes“, but fails to provide the clear definition the Americans wanted.Both Mr. Annan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheless sought to put a good face on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as “an important step forwa
40、rd“ and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken “the first steps“ towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are determined to go a lot further. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out the document s skeleton proposals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim.31 Who have recentl
41、y listened to the story in the first paragraph of the text?（A）Ambassadors.（B） UN officials.（C） The worlds leaders.（D）Reporters.32 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_.（A）it took much time to have a UN document（B） it was a piece of cake to reach an agreement with approximately 200 member
42、 states（C） few nations were resented at American diplomatic activities（D）only developing countries came up with last-minute changes33 The authors attitude toward the UN final document is_（A）biased（B） indifferent（C） skeptical（D）impartial34 According to the text, empty platitudes might be found in the
43、 section on_.（A）Peacebuilding Commission（B） UN Commission on Human Rights（C） Terrorism（D）the Security Council35 According to the last paragraph, the General Assembly_.（A）is deleting the documents skeleton proposals（B） is determined to go further toward disarmament（C） is attempting to put forward new
44、 proposals（D）is unlikely to work out relevant details and advance novel proposals35 The term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply to a clever new technology, but to one that undermines an existing technologyand which therefore makes life very difficult for
45、the many businesses which depend on the existing way of doing things. Twenty years ago, the personal computer was a classic example. It swept aside an older mainframe-based style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the worlds mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This week has been
46、 a coming-out party of sorts for another disruptive technology, “voice over internet protocol“ (VOIP), which promises to be even more disruptive, and of even greater benefit to consumers, than personal computers.VOIPs leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to make free
47、 calls to other Skype users over the internet, and very cheap calls to traditional telephonesall of which spells trouble for incumbent telecoms operators. On September 12th, eBay, the leading online auction-house, announced that it was buying Skype for $ 2.6 billion, plus an additional $ 1.5 billion
48、 if Skype hits certain performance targets in coming years.This seems a vast sum to pay for a company that has only $ 60 m in revenues and has yet to turn a profit. Yet eBay was not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were all said to have also
49、 considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some over-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid too much. The company says it plans to use Skypes technology to make it easier for buyers and sellers to communicate, and to offer new “click to call“ advertisements, but many analysts are sceptical that eBay is the best owner of Skype. Whatever the merits of the deal, h
