1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 53 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1)_, many hold that a man can be inj
2、ured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2)_. It fails to (3)_ the great dangers we shall face in the (4)_ of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5)_ of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or wi
3、lling dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization (6)_.Certain (7)_ and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8)_ heroic efforts to
4、“save“ the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may succeed in (9)_ individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10)_. Such patients have been (11)_ a death with dignity. Familie
5、s are forced to bear the burden of a (12)_ “death watch“.(13)_ the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the (14)_ in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15)_ of family and friends. This loneliness, (16)_, is not c
6、onfined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: Not yet (17)_ the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18)_. We have learned how to increase their years, (19)_ we have not learned how
7、 to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20)_ death.（A）Indeed（B） Likewise（C） Therefore（D）Furthermore（A）detached（B） prejudiced（C） favored（D）interfered（A）identify（B） promote（C） recognize（D）assist（A）allocation（B） expense（C） restriction（D）availab
8、ility（A）advice（B） access（C） execution（D）exercise（A）functions（B） goals（C） purposes（D）origins（A）obtained（B） afforded（C） desired（D）offered（A）possible（B） probable（C） proper（D）potential（A）supporting（B） rescuing（C） replacing（D）retrieving（A）maintenance（B） survival（C） life（D）existence（A）deprived（B） repelled
9、（C） rejected（D）denied（A）shortened（B） prolonged（C） removed（D）extended（A）Even（B） But（C） Only（D）Hence（A）range（B） scope（C） context（D）territory（A）wake（B） process（C） company（D）light（A）moreover（B） however（C） hence（D）thus（A）limited to（B） isolated from（C） prepared for（D）absorbed into（A）away（B） aside（C） off（D
10、）down（A）except（B） so（C） or（D）but（A）above（B） against（C） upon（D）withPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargement and no
11、se jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dui Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look
12、 normal. “What we all long for is to look normal, and being normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.“In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is no
13、rmal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imberre commends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea that waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly,“ he says. “By then, youve wasted 20 great years o
14、f your life and al-lowed things to get out of hand.“ Dr. Imberre draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, “It seems that someone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery“.In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusiv
15、e domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportional cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davie, who claims to “eater for the average person“, agrees. He says: “I treat a few of the rich and famous
16、and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3,000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday.“Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patient
17、s to be treated with a local anesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid 2,500 for an operation to remove cellulite from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “
18、I had my legs done because theyd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic stimulated my appetite. Now I dont think theres any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it.“21 According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is（A）being physically healthy.（B） looking u
19、sual.（C） investing for life.（D）improving appearance.22 In the US, people argue about（A）whether people under 18 need cosmetic surgery.（B） under what circumstance people should have cosmetic surgery.（C） at what age people should have cosmetic surgery.（D）whether cosmetic surgery should cater for averag
20、e people.23 According to Dr. Gerard Imberre, people should have cosmetic surgery（A）as early as possible.（B） in their thirties.（C） in their teens.（D）when they need.24 According to paragraph 3, what Dr. Davie said implies that（A）cosmetic surgery is worth having though it is costly.（B） cosmetic surgery
21、 is necessary even for the average person.（C） cosmetic surgery is beyond the reach of most people.（D）cosmetic surgery is extremely expensive.25 It seems that the woman mentioned in the last paragraph（A）regrets having the operation.（B） hopes to have more operations.（C） hesitates in choosing an operat
22、ion.（D）loves her new image.26 India has about a billion people and a dozen major languages of its own. One language, and only one, is understood-by the elite-across the country: that of the foreigners who ruled India for less than 200 years and left 52 years ago.Today, India. Tomorrow, unofficially,
23、 the world. That is well under way; at first, because the British not only built global empire but also it was settled by America, and now because the world (and notably America) has acquired its first truly globaland interactivemedium, the Internet.It is estimated that some 350 million people speak
24、 English as their first language. Maybe 250-350 million do or can use it as a second language; in excolonial countries, notably, or in Englishmajority ones, like 30 million recently immigrants to the United States, or Canadas 6 million francophone Quebeckers. And elsewhere? The guess is 100 million1
25、 billion depending how you define “can“. Let us be hold: in all, 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use English; not the English of England, let alone of Dr. Johnson, but English.That number is soaring as each year brings new pupils to school and carries of monolingual oldiesand now as the Intern
26、et spreads. And the process is self-reinforcing. As business spreads across frontiers, the company that wants to move its executives around, and to promote the best of them, regardless of nationality, encourages the uses of English. So the executive who wants to be in the frame, or to move to anothe
27、r employer, learns to use it. English has long dominated learned journals: German, Russian or French (depending on the field) may be useful to their expert readers, but English is essential. So, if you want your own work publishedand widely read by your peersthen English is the language of choice.Th
28、e growth of the cinema, and still more so of television, has spread the dominant language. Foreign movies or sitcoms may be dubbed into major languages, but for smaller audiences they are usually subtitled. Result: a Dutch or Danish or even Arab family has an audio-visual learning aid in its living-
29、room, and usually the language spoken on-screen is English.The birth of the computer and its American operating systems gave English a nudge ahead: that of the Internet has given it a huge push. Any web-linked household today has a library of information available at the click of a mouse. And, unlik
30、e the books on its own shelves or in the public library, maybe four-fifths is written in English. That proportion may lessen, as more non-English sites spring up. But English will surely dominate.26 The author cites the example of India to show _.（A）the backwardness of its own language（B） the import
31、ance of learning English（C） the widespread of English language（D）the great influence of the British empire27 From the passage, we can know that _.（A）20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use American English（B） 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use Dr. Johnsons English（C） 20-25% of earths 6 bill
32、ion people can use standard English（D）20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use English though not idiomatic28 Which of the following is NOT mentioned when the author explains the reasons of the rapid growing number of English speaker?（A）New pupils are required to learn English at school.（B） Monolin
33、gual old people are encouraged to speak English.（C） Employees have to learn English if they want to get a chance of promotion.（D）Scholars use English as the language of their academic works more often than other languages.29 Foreign movies wont be dubbed into major language when _.（A）there are not m
34、any audiences（B） all the audiences know that foreign language（C） the audiences dont like it very much（D）the language spoken on-screen is English30 The word “nudge“ in the first sentence of paragraph six means _.（A）progress（B） encouragement（C） push（D）growth31 The consequences of heavy drinking are we
35、ll documented: failing health, broken marriages, regrettable late-night phone calls. But according to Gregory Luzaichs calculations, there can be a downside to modest drinking, toothough one that damages the wallet, not the liver.The Pek Wine Steward prevents wine from spoiling by injecting argon, a
36、n inert gas, into the bottle before sealing it airtight with silicon. Mr. Luzaich, a mechanical engineer in Windsor, Califin the Sonoma County wine countryfirst tallied the costs of his reasonable consumption in October 2001. “Id like to come home in the evening and have a glass of wine with dinner“
37、, he said. “My wife doesnt drink very much. so the bottle wouldnt get consumed. And maybe I would forget about it the next day, and Id check back a day or two later, and the wine would be spoiled“. That meant he was wasting most of a $15 to $20 bottle of wine dozens of times a year.A cheek of the wi
38、ne-preservation gadgets on the market left Mr. Luzaich dissatisfied High-end wine cabinets cost thousands of dollarsa huge investment for a glass-a-day drinker. Affordable preservers, meanwhile, didnt quite perform to Mr. Luzaichs liking; be thought they allowed too much oxidation, which degrades th
39、e taste of a wine.The solution, he decided, was a better gas. Many preservers pumped nitrogen into an opened bottle to slow a wines decline, even though oenological literature suggested that argon was more effective. So when he began designing the Pek Wine Steward, a metal cone into which a wine bot
40、tle is inserted, Mr. Luzaich found that his main challenge was to figure out how best to introduce the argon.He spent months fine-tuning a gas injection system. “We used computational fluid dynamics to model the gas flow“, Mr. Luzaich said, referring to a computer-analysis technique that measures ho
41、w smoothly particles are flowing. The goal was to create an injector that could swap a bottles oxygen atoms for argon atoms; argon is an inert gas, and thus unlikely to harm a nice Chianti.Mr. Luzaich, who had previously designed medical and telecommunications products, also worked on creating an ai
42、rtight seal, to secure the bottle after the argon was injected. He experimented with several substances, from neoprene to a visco-elastic polymer (which he dismissed as “too gooey“), before settling on a food-grade silicon.To save wine, a bottle is placed inside the Pek Wine Steward, the top is clos
43、ed, and a trigger is pulled for 5 to 10 seconds, depending on how much wine remains. When the trigger is released, the bottle is sealed automatically, preserving the wine for a week or more. The company says. “We wanted to make it very easy for the consumer“, Mr. Luzaich said. “Its basically mindles
44、s“.The device, which resembles a high-tech thermos, first became available to consumers in March 2004, and 8,000 to 10,000 have been sold, primarily through catalogs like those of The Wine Enthusiast and Hammacher Schlemmer The base model sells for $99; a deluxe model, which also includes a thermoel
45、ectric cooler, is $199.31 According to Gregory Luzaich. the disadvantage of modest drinking is_.（A）damaging the liver（B） costing much（C） breaking marriages（D）spoiling the wine32 The word “tallied“(Para. 2) probably means_.（A）calculated（B） corresponded to（C） listed（D）gave33 According to the text, the
46、 “Pek Wine Steward“ is_.（A）a metal cone（B） a thermoelectric cooler（C） a gas injector（D）a wine preserver34 Mr. Luzaich created the seal to prevent the wine from declining with_.（A）neoprene（B） visco-elastic polymer（C） silicon（D）argon35 Mr. Luzaichs attitude to the automatic sealing is_.（A）opposition（B
47、） suspicion（C） approval（D）indifference36 The discovery of life beyond Earth would transform not only our science but also our religions, our belief systems and our entire world-view. For in a sense, the search for extraterrestrial life is really a search for ourselveswho we are and what our place is
48、 in the grand sweep of the cosmos.Contrary to popular belief, speculation that we are not alone in the universe is as old as philosophy itself. The essential steps in the reasoning were based on the atomic theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. Yet philosophy is one thing, filling in th
49、e physical details is another. Although astronomers increasingly suspect that biofriendly planets may be abundant in the universe, the chemical steps leading to life remain largely mysterious.Traditionally, biologists believed that life is a freakthe result of a zillion-to-one accidental concatenation of molecules. It follows that the likelihood of its happening again elsewhere in the cosmos is infinitesimal. This view
