1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 79 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 A variety of illegal acts committed by people in the course of their employment, for their own personal gain, are collectively know
2、n as white-collar crime. Embezzlement, theft and trading securities【 B1】_insider information are common forms of white-collar crime. The majority of cases involve low-level employees who steal because they are under【B2 】_financial stress. Many plan to【B3】_the money back as soon as possible but may n
3、ever do so. Their crimes are usually never【 B4】_because the amounts of money are small, and no one notices the【B5】_【B6 】_, there are some very large cases of white-collar crime, such as multimillion-dollar stock market or banking scams that take years to discover and are extremely difficult and expe
4、nsive to【B7】_White-collar crime is not【B8】_to the business sector. Government employment, especially【B9】_the city level, also provides opportunities to【B10 】_ones pockets. 【B11 】_, building inspectors accept bribes and full-time employees receive【B12】_payments.Although white-collar crime is less【B13
5、】_than street crime, it involves【B14】_more money and harm to the public than crimes committed by street criminals. It is【B15】_that there are more criminals【B16】_the office suites than in the streets, yet the【B17 】_of white-collar makes it difficult to uncover the offenses and pursue the offenders. A
6、s the economy【B18】_from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce, opportunities for white-collar crime【B19】_, while the technology needed to stop such crimes will【B20 】_.1 【B1 】（A）due to（B） in consequence of（C） on the basis of（D）for the benefit of2 【B2 】（A）temporary（B） constant（C） persisten
7、t（D）transient3 【B3 】（A）put（B） return（C） set（D）send4 【B4 】（A）disclosed（B） exposed（C） retained（D）discovered5 【B5 】（A）loss（B） shortage（C） deficiency（D）deficit6 【B6 】（A）Moreover（B） However（C） Likewise（D）Accordingly7 【B7 】（A）pursue（B） persecute（C） proceed（D）prosecute8 【B8 】（A）restrained（B） constrained（C）
8、 confined（D）bound9 【B9 】（A）in（B） at（C） on（D）of10 【B10 】（A）line（B） fill（C） pack（D）stuff11 【B11 】（A）Such as（B） For example（C） By the same token（D）To begin with12 【B12 】（A）welfare（B） commission（C） pension（D）allowance13 【B13 】（A）disastrous（B） hazardous（C） significant（D）violent14 【B14 】（A）no（B） little（C）
9、 far（D）further15 【B15 】（A）possibly（B） liable（C） logical（D）likely16 【B16 】（A）in（B） with（C） of（D）on17 【B17 】（A）nature（B） feature（C） property（D）essence18 【B18 】（A）ranges（B） shifts（C） transfers（D）transforms19 【B19 】（A）degenerate（B） upgrade（C） decrease（D）multiply20 【B20 】（A）pick up（B） pay back（C） make ou
10、t（D）lag behindPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 A new study on mice uncovers some answers that could someday offer a powerful target for eliminating the recurrence of bad memories in humans, especially known
11、to those who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD: mental disorder caused by accidents of emergency).“Fear memories are the most robust memoriesthey can last over a lifetime,“ says Nadine Gogol-la, a biologist at Harvard University and lead author on the paper published recently in the jo
12、urnal Science. “You can push them far back, but spontaneous recovery and relapses will happen. “ Until now, science has been unable to stop this processin humans or in mice.By repeating the previously reported rat findings, Gogolla and her colleagues found that at some point during a young mouses de
13、velopmentbetween about 16 and 23 days postnatala molecular net of sorts is cast over a region of the brain called the amygdala, effectively crystallizing formerly changeable memories.“It looks just like what you would expect from a fishermans net,“ says Gogolla of the protein matrix(a living part in
14、 which something is formed)under the microscope. “And it acts as a structural constraint on the cells. How it does that, nobody really knows. “ But the result is that memories are held inside. What the researchers did learn was that by cutting that netwith an injection of an enzyme that digests the
15、chains linking the matrix togethermemories could be once again destabilized.“The drug cuts the net into its pieces,“ Gogolla says, “just like when you cut the strings of a net and it falls apart. “ Then, for a couple of weeks, the original youthful plasticity in the neuronal circuits of the amygdala
16、 is regained and any bad memory formed after the matrix digestion could be subsequently eliminated through “extinction“ therapy, a common treatment during which a patient is presented with the original fear trigger but in a context that is not fearful. When the treatment was given after a mouse unde
17、rwent fear conditioning, however, extinction was unable to cut out that memory completely.“Because the treatment has to occur before a traumatic event, its hard to make it immediately available,“ notes Gogolla. “ But it does help us in finding the underlying mechanisms. “ Eventually, she hopes tools
18、 can be found that can be applied after fearinducing experiences, and that translate from mice to humans. This would be welcome relief for the approximately 20 percent of all military personnel who have returned from Iraq and Afghanistan reporting symptoms of PTSD, not to mention for heartbroken cou
19、ples.21 What is said about the fearful memories in the passage?（A）They cause many people to suffer from PTSD.（B） Mice are still more influenced by them than humans.（C） They will never be completely erased as we expected.（D）Gogolla has found an effective way to eliminate them.22 According to Gogolla
20、and her colleagues, fearful memories_.（A）only appear in the amygdala（B） tend to form at a very early age（C） look like a fishing net in the brain（D）influence the growth of young mice23 What was confirmed by Gogollas study on extinction therapy?（A）It is already available to humans.（B） It will eliminat
21、e fearful memories.（C） It functions under fearful conditions.（D）It works before fearful experiences occurred.24 The findings of Gogollas study will be most probably applied to treat _.（A）mice instead of humans（B） heartbroken couples only（C） the soldiers who are suffering from PTSD（D）those who are su
22、ffering from all kinds of mental diseases25 It can be inferred from the passage that _.（A）war is one of the main causes of PTSD（B） extinction therapy involves moral issues（C） Gogolla often writes for the journal Science（D）fearful memories will recover spontaneously25 Lets not mince words; college ca
23、n be tough. According to a 2007 study by the American CollegeHealth Association, 43 percent of students reported having felt “ so depressed it was difficult to function“ at least once in the prior year. Other studies, based on student surveys, suggest that one in five undergraduates reported having
24、an eating disorder, one in six had deliberately cut or burned themselves and one in 10 had considered suicide.Given those numbers, its deeply troubling that in 2007 just 8.5 percent of students used their colleges counseling services. In other words, students were more likely to consider killing the
25、mselves than to seek help. Students feel more afraid to discuss mental-health problems. They think theyll be labeled as the crazy kid wholl shoot up the school.Counselors say that while they do keep an eye out for students who might pose a risk to others, the overwhelming majority of their patients
26、are no threat to anyone but themselves. Counseling services must look for new ways to reach out to troubled students and let them know that seeking treatment is a strong, smart thing. At Harvard, students can win iPods for attending mental-health screening sessions and are invited to “pajama parly“
27、panels, where flannel clad counselors dispense milk and cookies along with advice about the importance of sleep. “Theres still a high level of stigma,“ says Richard Kadison, head of Harvards mental-health services. “ Were trying to find creative ways of getting the message out. “Many campuses also o
28、ffer online services allowing students to complete informal diagnostic quizzes away from the prying eyes of their peers. The results are confidential, but can help nudge students toward counseling services. Besides, many colleges encourage parents to pitch in, whether by watching out for warning sig
29、ns or by coaxing their kids to seek help. Philadelphia University now issues students relatives with a calendar highlighting the toughest times of the year for freshmen, while the University of Minnesota offers online workshops, where parents can learn about conditions such as anxiety and Aspergers
30、syndrome.Still, students and counselors agree that the most effective outreach programs are those led by students themselves. “Its different when you hear something from another student, “ says Semmie Kim, a neuroscience major who founded MITs chapter of Active Minds in 2007. Shes held events like a
31、 bubble-wrap stomp to help students vent pre-exam stress, but says her groups most important role is to provide troubled peers with a sympathetic ear. “ We want to make students realize theyre not alone,“ she says. “College will always be tough, but theres no need to suffer in silence. “26 The state
32、ment “College can be tough“ is used to introduce_.（A）the severity of mental illnesses at college（B） the fierce competition of earning scholarships（C） the feeble relations between teachers and students（D）the anxiety of coping with all kinds of examinations27 According to Para. 2,few troubled students
33、 turn to counselors for help because they_.（A）will be asked to leave school（B） will receive many screening tests（C） are afraid to be laughed at by peers（D）will pay more for counseling services28 Which of the following is still bothering the counselors?（A）Whether they should tell the truth to their p
34、atients directly?（B） How much time they will spend on each screening session?（C） What treatment should be included in their counseling service?（D）How counseling services will be acceptable and available to troubled students?29 It can be inferred from Para. 4 that_.（A）all universities in America have
35、 offered online counseling services（B） parents play a vital role in solving students mental-health problems（C） University of Minnesota took the initiative to give lectures on mental health（D）Philadelphia University used a calendar as the reminder of diagnostic quizzes30 Semmie Kim believes that the
36、most effective mental-health service at college is_.（A）the comfort and help from peers（B） the advice from online workshops（C） the love and warmth from teachers（D）the treatment from neuroscience experts30 At the ceremony at Yale University in 1983, several honorary degrees were awarded, including one
37、 to Mother Teresa. As she and other humanitarians and scholars, each in turn, received their awards, the audience applauded appropriately but with a slight hint of reserve and impatience, for it wished to give its heart to the final recipient who waited shyly in the wings. As the details of her achi
38、evements were being recounted, many people left their seats and surged toward the stage to be closer to the great woman. And when the name Meryl Streep was announced, the audience unleashed a sonic boom of affection to wake the New Haven dead. One man who was present when Bob Hope received his honor
39、ary doctorate at another institution said that Dr. Streeps applause surpassed Dr. Hopes. Knowing how to please a crowd as well as anyone, the intellectual leaders at Yale invited Dick Cavett, the talk-show host, to deliver the commencement address the following year. It is rumored that this year, Do
40、n Rickles will receive a Doctorate of Humane Letters and Lola Falana will give the commencement address.Prior to the 1984 presidential elections, the two candidates confronted each other on television in what were called “debates“. These events were not in the least like the Lincoln-Douglas debates
41、or anything else that goes by the name. Each candidate was given five minutes to address such questions as, What is(or would be)your policy in Central America? His opposite number was then given one minute for a rebuttal. In such circumstances, complexity, documentation and logic can play no role, a
42、nd, indeed, on several occasions syntax itself was abandoned entirely. It is no matter. The men were less concerned with giving arguments than with “giving off“ impressions, which is what television does best. Post-debate commentary largely avoided any evaluation of the candidates ideas, since there
43、 were none to evaluate. Instead, the debates were conceived as boxing matches, the relevant question being, Who K0V1 whom? The answer was determined by the “style“ of the menhow they looked, fixed their gaze, smiled, and delivered one-liners. In the second debate, President Reagan got off a swell on
44、e-liner when asked a question about his age. The following dav, several newspapers indicated that Ron had KOd Fritz with his joke. Thus, the leader of the free world is chosen by the people in the Age of Television.What all of this means is that our culture has moved toward a new way of conducting i
45、ts business, especially its important business. The nature of its discourse is changing as the demarcation line between what is show business and what is not becomes harder to see with each passing day. Our priests and presidents, our surgeons and lawyers, our educators and newscasters need worry le
46、ss about satisfying the demands of their discipline than the demands of good showmanship. Had Irving Berlin changed one word in the title of his celebrated song, he would have been as prophetic, albeit more terse, as Al-dous Huxley. He need only have written, Theres No Business But Show Business.31
47、It can be inferred that Meryl Streep _.（A）must have made greater contribution than Mother Teresa（B） must be the most distinguished guest invited by Yale University（C） must be a well-known personality in the show business（D）must be a shy person so that people seldom see her32 Which of the following p
48、eople is not in the show business?（A）Don Rickles.（B） Lola Falana.（C） Bob Hope.（D）Aldous Huxley.33 The most important element in a presidential candidates debate is_.（A）ideas and insight（B） logical presentation（C） forceful argument（D）leaving impressions34 The world has become one in which_.（A）all tha
49、t matters is showmanship（B） there is no order and discipline（C） everyone is enchanted by television（D）none knows his mission in the world35 The text is organized mainly by means of_.（A）causal relationship（B） exemplification（C） comparison（D）contrast35 For more than a decade, the prevailing view of innovation has been that little guys had the edge. Innovation bubbled up from the bottom, from upsta
