1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 91（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 It has been necessary to refer repeatedly to the effects of the two world wars in promoting all kind of innovation. It should be (1)_
2、 also that technological innovations have (2)_ the character of war itself by the (3)_ of new mechanical and chemical device. One weapon developed during World War II (4)_ a special mention. The (5)_ of rocket propulsions was well known earlier, and its possibilities as a (6)_ of achieving speeds su
3、fficient to escape from the Earths gravitational pull had been (7)_ by the Russian and the American scientists. The latter built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926. (8)_, a group of German and Romanian pioneers was working (9)_ the same lines and in the 1930s, it was this team that develope
4、d a rocket (10)_ of delivering a warhead hundreds of miles away. Reaching a height of over 100 miles, the V-2 rocket (11)_ the beginning of the Space Age, and members of its design team were (12)_ in both the Soviet and United States space programs after the war.Technology had a tremendous social (1
5、3)_ in the period 1900 1945. The automobile and electric power, (14)_, radically changed both the scale and the quality of 20th-century life, (15)_ a process of rapid urbanization and a virtual revolution (16)_ living through mass production of household goods and (17)_The rapid development of the a
6、irplane, the cinema, and radio made the world seem suddenly smaller and more (18)_. The development of many products of the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the years (19)_ 1945 the constructive and creative opportunities of modern technology could be (20)_, although
7、 the process has not been without its problems.（A）notified（B） observed（C） commented（D）detected（A）transformed（B） imitated（C） innovated（D）simulated（A）introduction（B） innovation（C） elimination（D）alteration（A）requires（B） entitles（C） furnishes（D）deserves（A）principle（B） discipline（C） strategy（D）doctrine（A
8、）methods（B） means（C） equipment（D）medium（A）taken over（B） handed over（C） carded out（D）pointed out（A）Simultaneously（B） Advantageously（C） Spontaneously（D）Instantaneously（A）across（B） at（C） along（D）with（A）capable（B） able（C） possible（D）suitable（A）spoiled（B） informed（C） labeled（D）marked（A）instrumental（B） me
9、chanical（C） structural（D）integral（A）influence（B） connection（C） impact（D）conflict（A）on the other hand（B） as a result（C） on the contrary（D）for instance（A）encouraging（B） urging（C） promoting（D）assisting（A）by（B） in（C） through（D）on（A）appliances（B） utilities（C） instruments（D）equipment（A）perceptive（B） acces
10、sible（C） complex（D）controversial（A）preceding（B） previous（C） subsequent（D）following（A）exploited（B） applied（C） adopted（D）processedGrammar21 Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not_that.（A）seeing（B） being seen（C） see（D）to see22 This is the reason_I am not in favor of revising the plan.（A）which（B） why（C） beca
11、use（D）for23 They left at nine, so they_by now.（A）may arrive（B） must arrive（C） should have arrived（D）ought to arrive24 _, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.（A）as the brilliant white light that burning magnesium produces（B） Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesium（C） Th
12、e brilliant white light of burning magnesium（D）Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light25 I would have gone to the lecture with you_I was so busy.（A）except that（B） provided that（C） but that（D）only that26 _, he always tries his best to complete it on time.（A）However the task is hard（B） Howe
13、ver hard the task is（C） Though hard the task is（D）Though hard is the task27 He was amazed at_ he saw.（A）that（B） what（C） which（D）whom28 America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it_before the West was settled.（A）could（B） was（C） would（D）did29 She_not have seen you yesterday,
14、 for she was not there.（A）might（B） could（C） should（D）must30 Send the note to_is in the office.（A）whoever（B） whomever（C） no matter who（D）whicheverPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 Ever since they were first st
15、aged in 19th century Europe, worlds fairs have enabled people from around the globe to visit wondrous pavilions where they can discover distant lands and new technologies. The 2006 worlds fair is no exception, but it also has a decidedly new- era twist: the whole event happens in cyberspace.A nonpro
16、fit project dreamed up by Americans Carl Malamud, a computer consultant, and Vinton Cerf, and Internet pioneer and telecommunications-company vice president, the Internet 2006 World Exposition is a digital work in progress, a multi-chambered forum that cybernauts can help build and renovate througho
17、ut the yearand perhaps long after the fairs official close in December.While high-tech pavilions set up by sponsoring corporations are featured prominently, as in real fairs, this virtual exposition is closer in spirit and reality to a vast bustling bazaar, a marketplace for the talents and offering
18、s of thousands of individuals and small groups. Anyone with a computer and a modem can not only “attend“ but also participate as an exhibitor by creating an individual multimedia Website.Getting the fair up and running was by no means easy. Malamud, 36, spent the past year shuttling among 30 countri
19、es, lobbying companies that initially dismissed the project as unwieldy and unworkable. While some nations immediately supported the idea, others completely missed the point of Malamuds vision: to make the fair a public-works project that focuses on what the Internet can offer expert or novice. Once
20、 grass-roots groups started backing the project, though, businesses were not far behind. By donating equipment and services, these companies will gain access to millions of potential consumers eager to see the firms latest technologies.Since the expositions Jan. 1 launch, as many as 40,000 visitors
21、each day from more than 40 countries have tried the major Websites. Most virtual visitors log on from the U.S and Japan, but the United Arab Emirates, Sweden, Singapore and Estonia have been represented. Comments logged in the fairs guest book are overwhelmingly positive. “Wow, the world is shrinkin
22、g“, wrote a visitor from the Netherlands. Since their initial hesitancy, the major sponsors-primarily telecommunications and software companieshave become firm believers. Beyond the diversity of content and international scope, the fair is a technological marvel.The fastest international link ever i
23、nstalled, this pipeline could be the first step toward laying a permanent network that will eventually hardwire every nation in the world into the Internet. The organizers hope that the infrastructureand awareness-nurtured by this exposition will launch a boom in Net use.31 The organizers thinks tha
24、t the effect on Net use of the good worlds fair is _.（A）hardly positive.（B） dubiously-oriented.（C） quite instantaneous.（D）far-reaching.32 We can learn from the text that _.（A）public visitors intended to reap great profits in the fair.（B） some countries initially hesitated to support the project.（C）
25、technological progress usually precedes an economic boom.（D）sponsoring corporations once dismissed the technology.33 The technological fair is intended by its organizers to be _.（A）in the interests of public.（B） for the sake of exhibitors.（C） at the mercy of firms.（D）to the prejudice of users.34 The
26、 expression “a vast bustling bazaar“ (Para. 3) best connotes _.（A）eager.（B） diverse.（C） active.（D）spacious.35 In the writer opinion, the virtual exposition in the new era is _.（A）profitable.（B） rewarding.（C） fruitless.（D）successful.36 When enthusiasts talk of sustainable development, the eyes of mos
27、t people glaze over. There is a whiff of sack-cloth and ashes about their arguments, which usually depend on people giving up the comforts of a modern economy to achieve some debatable greater good. Yet there is a serious point at issue. Modern industry pollutes, and it also seems to cause significa
28、nt changes to the climate. What is needed is an industry that delivers the benefits without the costs. And the glimmerings of just such an industry can now be discerned.That industry is based on biotechnology. At the moment, biotechs main uses are in medicine and agriculture. But its biggest long-te
29、rm impact may be industrial. Here, it will diminish demand for oil by taking the cheapest raw materials imaginable, carbon dioxide and water, and using them to make fuel and plastics.Plastics and fuels made in this way would have several advantages. They could accurately be called “renewables“, sinc
30、e nothing is depleted to make them. They would be part of the natural carbon cycle, borrowing that element from the atmosphere for a few months, and returning it when they were burned or dumped. That means they could not possibly contribute to global warming. And they would be environmentally friend
31、ly in other ways. Bioplastics are biodegradable, since bacteria understand their chemistry and can therefore digest them. Biofuels, while not quite “zero emission“ from the exhaust pipe (though a lot cleaner than petrol and diesel), would be cleaner overall even than the fuel-cell technology now bei
32、ng touted as an alternative to the internal-combustion engine. That is because making the hydrogen that fuel cells use is not an environmentally friendly process, and never will beunless it, too, uses biotechnology.All this will, in the end, depend on costs. But these do not look unfavourable. Alrea
33、dy, the price of bioplastics overlaps the top end of the petroleum-based plastics market. Bulk production should bring prices down, particularly when the raw materials are free. Meanwhile, ethanol would be a lot easier to introduce than fuel cells. Existing engines will run on it with minor tweaking
34、, so there is no need to change the way ears are made. And since, unlike hydrogen, it is a liquid, the fuel-distribution infrastructure would not need radical change.The future could be green in ways that traditional environmentalists had not expected. Whether they will embrace that possibility, or
35、stick to sack-cloth, remains to be seen.36 According to the author, applying biotechnology to industry（A）has brought about sustainable development.（B） proves to be nothing but an imagination.（C） will deprive most people of modern comforts.（D）contributes to the environmentally sound development.37 Th
36、e word “depleted“(Paragraph 3) can be substituted by（A）exhausted.（B） discarded.（C） abandoned.（D）wasted.38 One advantage of the biofuels is that（A）they will not pollute the environment.（B） they are degradable by bacteria.（C） they are cheaper than hydrogen fuels.（D）they are suitable for internal-combu
37、stion engine.39 According to paragraph 4, _.（A）the prospect of biotechnology industry depends on its marketing cost.（B） fuel cells are easier to be utilized in auto industry than biofuels.（C） biofuels will replace the fuel cells in the near future.（D）the price of bioplastics shows a downward trend.4
38、0 The best title for the passage might be（A）A World Clean Yet in Comfort.（B） Conserving Before Its Too Late.（C） There Is Only One Earth.（D）The Fuel-Hungry Planet.41 When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the a
39、ffliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be
40、 at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can war
41、d it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to all e
42、lements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so be
43、fore.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, des
44、igned to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire populatio
45、n of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a reintroduction of the disease, however, mand
46、atory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.41 The best title for the text may be（A）Vaccinations: A Blessing or A Curse.（B） Principles of Vaccinations.（C） Vaccines: Methods and I
47、mplications. （D）A Miracle Cure Under Attack.42 What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?（A）A possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.（B） The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.（C） A method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.（D）The ef
48、fectiveness of vaccines in curing certain disease.43 The phrase “ward it off naturally“ (Paragraph 2) most probably means（A）dispose of it naturally.（B） combat against it readily.（C） attend to it reluctantly.（D）split it up properly.44 Which of the following is true according to the text?（A）Saving the
49、 majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.（B） The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.（C） Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.（D）The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.45 The purpose of the author in writing this passage is（A）to comment and criticize.（B） to demonstrate and argue.（C） to inter
