1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 144 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Its 2:30 pm and Im procrastinating. The project is【C1】_by 5 oclock and I cant seem to find the【C2】_to get it done. This is a commo
2、n problem for everyone. Whether working from home or an office, creating the next big【C3 】_or pushing papers for a corporation, we all procrastinate. The biggest reason youre tired is because of physical or mental【 C4】_. When youre tired you dont have the motivation to work, so you【C5】_procrastinati
3、ng. When your mind is in a foggy【C6】_, it prevents you from thinking straight. A foggy mind can be a headache or information【C7 】_. Whatever the form, its hard to get anything done when your mind isnt working right. Now you have some【C8】_why afternoon procrastination happens. Try these【C9】_to help d
4、eal with it and get more done. 【C10 】_tasks. The most common reason afternoon procrastination hits is because your tasks are not clear. Writing down what you have to do and which tasks are most important can help you【C11】_and get back to work. Take a break. Sometimes its easy not to stop and let you
5、r mind rest. When you choose to intentionally take a break and【C12】_yourself to not focus on anything, it allows you to relax and prepare for the rest of the work day. Exercise at lunch. Often when youre able to get up and move around, your day is always better. When you go for a walk, it allows you
6、r brain to【C13】_the mornings information and think through what you need to do the rest of the day. Exercise also【C14】_the body from sitting in a chair all morning. Be careful not to【C15 】_it, because you want to make sure you have enough【C16 】_for the rest of the work day. Drink water. According to
7、 my doctor, were【C17】_to drink like 8 glasses of water per day. Even if you cant【C18 】_eight glasses of water, you sure can get a glass or two down after lunch. Staying【C19 】_helps keep the mind clear and focused. All too often, afternoon procrastination comes from a foggy head which can be【C20】_wit
8、h a glass of water.1 【C1 】（A）due（B） overtime（C） outdated（D）feasible2 【C2 】（A）guideline（B） amazement（C） motivation（D）alertness3 【C3 】（A）eruption（B） commercial（C） startup（D）deputy4 【C4 】（A）torture（B） fatigue（C） miserable（D）well-being 5 【C5 】（A）put up（B） bring up（C） take up（D）end up 6 【C6 】（A）state（B）
9、dynamic（C） knot（D）form7 【C7 】（A）bloom（B） overload（C） saddle（D）liberty8 【C8 】（A）displays（B） confessions（C） ideas（D）faith9 【C9 】（A）strategies（B） components（C） precautions（D）modes10 【C10 】（A）Maintain（B） Prioritize（C） Maximize（D）Assign11 【C11 】（A）recall（B） reinvest（C） reinforce（D）refocus12 【C12 】（A）allo
10、w（B） inform（C） let（D）prepare13 【C13 】（A）proceed（B） process（C） propose（D）promote14 【C14 】（A）works out（B） gives off（C） pushes up（D）puts on 15 【C15 】（A）overdo（B） sufficient（C） supply（D）add16 【C16 】（A）energy（B） curiosity（C） compassion（D）horizon17 【C17 】（A）obliged（B） deprived（C） supposed（D）exposed18 【C18
11、 】（A）nail down（B） chug down（C） cut down（D）upside down19 【C19 】（A）moist（B） hydrated（C） alert（D）awake20 【C20 】（A）destroyed（B） installed（C） fixed（D）solvePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 There is a widespread be
12、lief that humanities Ph. D. s have limited job prospects. The story goes that since tenure-track professorships are increasingly being replaced by contingent faculty, the vast majority of English and history Ph. D. s now roam the earth as poorly-paid adjuncts or, if they leave academia, as baristas
13、and bookstore cashiers. As English professor William Pannapacker put it in Slate a few years back, “a humanities Ph. D. will place you at a disadvantage competing against 22-year-olds for entry-level jobs that barely require a high-school diploma. “ His advice to would-be graduate students was simpl
14、e: Recognize that a humanities Ph. D. is now a worthless degree and avoid getting one at all cost. It is true that the plate tectonics of academia has been shifting since the 1970s, reducing the number of good jobs available in the field. In the wake of these changes, there is no question that human
15、ities doctorates have struggled with their employment prospects, but what is less widely known is between a fifth and a quarter of them go on to work in well-paying jobs in media, corporate America, non-profits, and government. Humanities Ph. D. s are all around usand they are not serving coffee. Th
16、e American Historical Association (AHA) and the Modern Language Association (MLA) have staked out the position that the lack of reliable data about employment outcomes is hindering any productive discussion about the future of academia. Preliminary reports released in the past few months show that 2
17、4. 1 percent of history Ph. D. s and 21 percent of English and foreign language Ph. D. s over the last decade took jobs in business, museums, and publishing houses, among other industries. Humanities Ph. D. s typically secure non-academic jobs through their own networks, without the support of their
18、 departments. For those Ph. D. s who ultimately find work outside academia, the job-hunting process is often longer and harder than it needs to be. Few universities offer humanities doctoral candidates career counseling for non-academic jobs, which would help them market themselves and leverage alum
19、ni networks. As a solution to the shrinking academic job market, several top Ph. D. programs have opted to reduce the number of incoming doctoral candidates to limit their oversupply. However, some argue that this approach does not recognize that many humanities Ph. D. s will go on to positively imp
20、act other industries, as many already have. “Academic institutions hold a responsibility to advance knowledge,“ Victoria Blodgett, director of Graduate Career Services at Yale University, argues. “We should be in the business of putting Ph. D. s in government, non-profits, the media and lots of indu
21、stries where we will be better off if we have people who are trained to think as deeply as they are. “ 21 Many people think some Ph. D. s have trouble finding jobs probably because_.（A）they are no longer seen as indispensable future staff（B） they are toying with the idea of leaving academia（C） they
22、cannot maintain their competitive edge over MAs（D）they demand monthly wages that are burdensome for all22 The underlined sentence “the plate tectonics of academia has been shifting“ most probably means that_.（A）the study of the planet structure has yielded different results（B） the various parts form
23、ing the Earths crust have been moving（C） the universitys organizational structure has been under close examination（D）the appointments of faculty within universities have undergone a marked shift23 What can be inferred from Para. 3?（A）AHA and MLA dont think it is meaningful to assess career prospects
24、 of humanities Ph. D. s.（B） AHA and MLA welcome any discussion about employment outcomes.（C） Employment statistics on humanities Ph. D. s have been accurate so far.（D）Fewer humanities Ph. D. s entered industries except business and production. 24 How do humanities Ph. D. s usually find jobs?（A）They
25、use connections to land teaching jobs at university.（B） They receive counseling on securing non-academic jobs.（C） They get substantial help when looking for white-collar jobs.（D）They turn to their friends, relatives, and schoolmates for help. 25 According to Victoria Blodgett, Ph. D. s_.（A）are very
26、much needed in a diverse array of career fields（B） are responsible for causing this supply-demand imbalance（C） are trained to think too deeply for non-academic jobs（D）are better off by holding down non-academic jobs25 One of the biggest hurdles to getting more electric cars on the road is “ range an
27、xiety,“ the worry people have of their car battery dying before they get to a charging station. A new study should help brush those fears aside. Most American drivers do not go beyond the distance that todays electric cars can go on a single battery charge in one day, the study found. In fact, 87 pe
28、rcent of the vehicles on the road could be replaced by low-cost EVs on the market today even if they were only charged overnight, say the MIT researchers who conducted the study published in Nature Energy. If this large-scale swap were to happen, it would lead to roughly 30 percent less carbon emiss
29、ions even if the electricity were coming from carbon-emitting power plants. The researchers analyzed daily vehicle travel patterns across the U. S. by bringing together two large datasets. One, the National Household Travel Survey, gave them information on millions of trips made by all kinds of cars
30、. The other included detailed GPS-based data collected by state agencies that measured second-by-second velocity of each kind of trip. The researchers also factored in ambient temperature and inefficient driving behavior to calculate the energy consumption of each trip: extensive heating or cooling
31、and driving habits such as hard acceleration zap energy and can reduce driving range. Taking the 2013 Nissan Leaf as an example of an affordable EV on the market, the researchers found that it could meet the driving needs of 87 percent of vehicles on a single day. That number could go up to 98 perce
32、nt as batteries meet new capacity targets set by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. What about the remaining 13 percent of trips? The researchers admit that electric cars might not cut it for longer trips, such as vacation travel. For those times, they suggest that people in a two-car hou
33、sehold could use their gasoline-powered vehicle, or they could rely on car-sharing or renting services. The data covered the countrys 12 major metro cities, from dense urban areas such as New York to sprawling cities like Houston. Surprisingly, the adoption potential of electric vehicles was pretty
34、similar across these diverse cities: it only varied from 84-93 percent. “ This goes against the view that electric vehiclesat least affordable ones, which have limited rangeonly really work in dense urban centers,“ said the studys lead author Jessika E. Trancik in a press release. Trancik and her co
35、lleagues admit that addressing range anxiety might not be enough to boost EV sales. “Satisfying consumer preferences for vehicle performance and aesthetics will also be important, as will financing options to offset the purchase price,“ they say in the paper.26 What has the new study found?（A）Americ
36、an drivers dont have “range anxiety“.（B） American drivers do have “range anxiety“.（C） American drivers of electric cars worry about their batteries.（D）American drivers of electric cars neednt worry about their batteries. 27 What do we know about electric cars today?（A）They can travel for one day on
37、a single charge.（B） They can replace 13 percent of gas vehicles.（C） They surpass a typical Americans daily driving distance.（D）They help to cut the prices of gas vehicles. 28 The word “swap“ (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_.（A）exchange（B） sale（C） termination（D）promotion29 According to the passage
38、, which of the following has not been considered by the MIT researchers?（A）Driving speed.（B） Satellite data.（C） Fuel quality.（D）Air conditioning. 30 What information do Trancik and her colleagues offer on the use and marketing of EVs?（A）EVs and gas vehicles may complement each other well.（B） EVs are
39、 much more useful than gas vehicles in city centers.（C） EV companies can hugely expand their sales by easing consumers worries.（D）EV companies should not lower the cheap car prices any more. 30 We already know that gender balanced senior teams are not only better for business, the economy and societ
40、y, but also crucial to womens continuing success in the workplace. The visibility of women at the top demonstrates to other women that it is possible for them to get there too. For this reason, senior women are often presented as role models to inspire others to follow in their footsteps. Having sai
41、d this, I believe it is important to recognise that role models and visibility are not one and the same. Role models tend to be more personal, while visibility has a more widespread effect when it comes to changing working culture. It isnt fair to put the pressure of being a perfect role model on th
42、e women who have made it to the top of their field. Most female employees are more inspired by realistic, relatable and attainable traitsnot just seniority. When women are asked to describe their ideal role model, they often reveal a wide variety of sought-after characteristics, traits and behaviour
43、s. From being decisive, intelligent and confident to warm, approachable and inclusive, what makes an ideal role model is often personal and might change over time. We must work instead to normalise gender-balanced leadership, shifting away from the preoccupation with role models. Once we achieve thi
44、s, the gender of role models becomes redundant anyway: we will simply see them all around. The visible balance of power between women and men sends a clear message to women and girls of all ages that they can climb the career ladder too. This visibility of women in traditionally male-dominated roles
45、 and industries cannot be underestimated. This is beautifully illustrated by photographer Leonora Saunders in her series “10%. . . and rising“ , which challenges preconceptions of what women can or cant do in the world of work. Once girls and boys see people like themselves employed in all industrie
46、s, their choices in life will be much greater and employers will benefit from their capability and talent, not their gender. We need to focus increasingly on visible, balanced leadership at the highest levels of business. This is not to say that senior level women cant be role models to other women
47、in their organisation, but that true role models should be found at all levels, in line managers or even junior staff. Perhaps in time, when it becomes normal to see as many women as men in senior roles, the search for role models will be less about gender and will simply celebrate good leadershipwh
48、atever that may look like.31 According to Para. 1, female role models_.（A）are more important than their male counterparts（B） are more influential when cooperating with men（C） are possibly to be replaced by other women（D）are a clear sign that women will continue to succeed32 Role models and visibilit
49、y are not the same because_.（A）visibility is more about fame and recognition（B） visibility is less about monumental achievements（C） role models are more about leadership quaitties（D）role models are less about distinctive qualities33 Gender-balanced leadership must be normalized so that people will_.（A）have the confidence and determination to make it to the top in the business world（B） accept the system under which ther
