1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 32 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles a
2、s England.【C1】_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others【C2】_to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish,【C3】_the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed【C4】_being classified as “English“.Even in England there are many【C5
3、】_in regional character and speech. The chief【 C6】_is between southern England and northern England. South of a【C7】_going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students,【C8】_there are local variations.Further north regional speech is usually “ broader“ th
4、an【C9】_of southern Britain. Northerners are【C10】_to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more【 C11】_. They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them【C12】_Northerners generally have hearty【 C13】_: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, f
5、or instance, may look forward to receiving【C14】_helpings at meal times.In accent and character the people of the Midlands【 C15】_a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound【C16】_by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pronounced
6、in words in which it would be【C17 】_in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people,【C18】_inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic people of Britain(the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots)are frequently【 C19】_as being more “fiery“ than the English. They are【C20】_a r
7、ace that is quite distinct from the English. 1 【C1 】（A）In consequence（B） In brief（C） In general（D）In fact2 【C2 】（A）confine（B） attach（C） refer（D）add3 【C3 】（A）as（B） which（C） for（D）so4 【C4 】（A）with（B） by（C） as（D）at5 【C5 】（A）similarities（B） differences（C） certainties（D）features6 【C6 】（A）factor（B） virtue
8、（C） privilege（D）division7 【C7 】（A）line（B） row（C） border（D）scale8 【C8 】（A）who（B） when（C） though（D）for9 【C9 】（A）that（B） those（C） the area（D）the region10 【C10 】（A）used（B） apt（C） possible（D）probable11 【C11 】（A）perfect（B） notorious（C） superior（D）thorough12 【C12 】（A）swiftly（B） promptly（C） immediately（D）qu
9、ickly13 【C13 】（A）appetites（B） tastes（C） interests（D）senses14 【C14 】（A）genuine（B） generous（C） general（D）sincere15 【C15 】（A）designate（B） demonstrate（C） represent（D）reckon16 【C16 】（A）delivered（B） denoted（C） depicted（D）defined17 【C17 】（A）quiet（B） obscure（C） faint（D）silent18 【C18 】（A）rather（B） still（C） s
10、omehow（D）even19 【C19 】（A）rendered（B） thought（C） impressed（D）described20 【C20 】（A）with（B） of（C） among（D）againstPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkab
11、ly vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-u
12、p rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-We
13、st tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a str
14、ong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because suffici
15、ent leeway(余地)existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments(国际收支差额)deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the de
16、layed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan.The underlying task of public poli
17、cy for the year ahead and indeed for the longer run remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to impr
18、ove our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation.21 The stability of the bond market is mentioned in the first paragraph so as to_.（A）show the strength
19、 of the stock market（B） manifest the publics trust in the economic situation（C） reveal the ease in East-West tensions（D）indicate the higher proportion of incomes spent for commodities22 We may learn from paragraph 2 that it centers on_.（A）the causes of the Americas economic expansion（B） the stimulat
20、ive monetary and fiscal policies（C） the restoration of sounder liquidity positions（D）the Presidents economic policy moves23 The authors attitude toward the decline of the U. S. balance of payments deficit can be summarized as_.（A）depressed（B） optimistic（C） objective（D）impartial24 According to the au
21、thor, what should public policy aim at in the years to come?（A）Encouraging healthy economic growth.（B） Avoiding inflationary pressures.（C） Reducing inflation.（D）Striking a balance between A and B.25 About the Phase Three program, all of the following are true EXCEPT_.（A）its designed for wage and pri
22、ce restraint（B） it may serve to solve the problem of inflation（C） it helps encourage healthy economic growth（D）it helps avoid inflationary pressures25 We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn
23、between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as unchangeable,
24、 either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought t
25、o be “beyond dispute“.We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justificatio
26、n to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.The ent
27、ire world order rested on the distinction of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored(由来已久的)order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the “place“ appropriate to each. W
28、omens place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy(对立)between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woma
29、n, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved“. To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were th
30、ought natural in a man.Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to g
31、et out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Whats more important, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.26 According to the text, which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）The definition of the sexes varies according to scientific and ideologi
32、cal development.（B） Human beings nature may be changed socially and biologically.（C） The functions and responsibilities of the sexes are undoubtedly unchangeable.（D）The organization of a society is influenced by the definition and distinction of the sexes.27 It can be inferred from the first paragra
33、ph that_.（A）the identity of the sexes used to be deemed easy to define（B） the progress in certain sciences is challenging the traditional definition about the sexes（C） the definition about each sex was considered as “beyond dispute“ nearly twenty years ago.（D）how to identify the sexes was considered
34、 hard in the past28 Judging from the context, the word “place“(Line 1, Para. 4)most probably means（A）dwelling place（B） working place（C） social class（D）physiological characteristics29 Which of the following does NOT belong to the emerging reasons for women going out to work?（A）personal fulfillment（B）
35、 the wish to get freed from domestic chores（C） the desire for independence（D）financial motives30 Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?（A）The traditional definitions of the sexes.（B） The influence of the definition of the sexes on social organization.（C） The evolution
36、of the definition of the sexes.（D）The improvement of womens social status.30 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration(报酬)rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down
37、. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability(和蔼可亲)is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss s job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept o
38、ut more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy(机智)is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top and on the way up executives are exceedingly dedicated.The American ex
39、ecutive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may large
40、ly concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “ keep the old heart in shape“ and for the same reason goes easy on butter and
41、alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctors warning to “take it easy“ falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “ executive search firms“ ,
42、 is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each others managerial ranks.31 We can infer from the second paragraph that_.（A）promotion depends on amiability（B） chief executives do not work h
43、ard enough at the top level（C） it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates（D）a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry32 The term “aerobic exercise“(Line 1, Para. 4)is a kind of_.（A）hallucination(幻觉)exercise（B） physical e
44、xercise（C） meditation exercise（D）entertainment33 For executives, a golf course is a place where_.（A）they can conduct their business（B） they can indulge themselves（C） they can cultivate their mind（D）they can exercise as well as socialize34 According to the text, which of the following statements is N
45、OT true?（A）Executives tend to ignore doctors advice and warnings.（B） Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.（C） All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.（D）Executives are careful of what they eat.35 From the last paragraph, we can learn that_.（A）there are to
46、o many aggressive executives（B） individual talent is not essential for a company（C） the job of an “executive search firm“ is corporate head-hunting（D）it is not common for companies to undermine each others managerial ranks35 An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as th
47、at of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and inform
48、ation services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependence of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries economic
49、blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britains unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy
