1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 82 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful【C1】_is spreading through their popu
2、lations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is【C2】_. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms,【C3】_resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing,【C4 】_ever-increasing
3、amounts of human attention and electricity supplied【C5】_wire umbilici.It is tempting to【C6】_a “strategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】_, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions,【C8】_experimented with by many product designers. This makes it
4、all the more powerful.Tech【C9】_occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as animal behaviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10 】_cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】_with a food pellet for solvin
5、g puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails.“Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】_look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement【C13 】
6、_an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile【C14】_that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】_by an invasive pseudo-organism wou
7、ld believe.【C16 】_, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】_sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can【C18】_the Financial Times in
8、places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】_, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】_to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.1 【C1 】（A）phenomenon（B） epidemic（C） issue（D）event2 【C2 】
9、（A）striking（B） obscure（C） interesting（D）mysterious3 【C3 】（A）relying（B） choosing（C） grabbing（D）using4 【C4 】（A）taking over（B） feeding on（C） catching up（D）allowing for5 【C5 】（A）with（B） over（C） to（D）via6 【C6 】（A）point（B） turn（C） attribute（D）prefer7 【C7 】（A）Instead（B） Moreover（C） Therefore（D）Otherwise8 【
10、C8 】（A）which（B） as（C） that（D）where9 【C9 】（A）progress（B） term（C） crisis（D）addiction10 【C10 】（A）dangerous（B） special（C） large（D）funny11 【C11 】（A）rewarded（B） resisted（C） resumed（D）reversed12 【C12 】（A）anxiously（B） occasionally（C） happily（D）endlessly13 【C13 】（A）within（B） from（C） about（D）through14 【C14 】（
11、A）support（B） approve（C） argue（D）insist15 【C15 】（A）formed（B） seperated（C） classified（D）modified16 【C16 】（A）Surprisingly（B） Importantly（C） Fortunately（D）Regrettably17 【C17 】（A）compensate（B） help（C） comfort（D）improve18 【C18 】（A）share（B） obtain（C） subscribe（D）observe19 【C19 】（A）part（B） sense（C） level（D）
12、way20 【C20 】（A）adaptive（B） careful（C） similar（D）captivePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 “Its such a simple thing,“ said John Spitzer, managing director of equipment standards for the United States Golf Assoc
13、iation. “Im amazed that so many people spend so much time and energy on trying to change it.“ The simple thing to which he refers is the humble golf tee, a peg made of wood that most of us grab by the handful or buy for a few pennies each, stick in our pockets, and dont give a second thought to.The
14、road to the tee began with a Boston-area dentist named George F. Grant, who received a patent in 1899 for “an Improvement in Golf-Tees.“ Grants tees consisted of a small piece of rubber tubing attached to a tapered wooden peg to be pushed into the ground. The rubber held the ball, and yielded when t
15、he club contacted it. He had them produced by a nearby manufacturing concern and gave them out to his friends but never tried to sell or market them.That fell to William Lowellanother tooth doctor, coincidentallywho created the Reddy Tee in 1921. It was a one-piece implement of solid wood, painted r
16、ed at the top so it could be easily found and cleverly named. He paid Walter Hagen and trick-shot artist Joe Kirkwood to endorse and use the device, and it was a commercial success, with more than $100,000 in sales by the time it was patented in 1925.The introduction of the oversize metal driver in
17、the 1980s led most golfers to adopt longer tees to go along with the larger and higher sweet spot of those clubs. The USGA has banned tees longer than 4 inches, a height that is well past the point of diminishing returns. Even back in the 1960s, Jack Nicklaus understood the value of teeing the ball
18、high, which he explained by saying, “Through years of experience I have found that air offers less resistance than dirt.“Golfers who have fairly steep swings(like me)break a lot of tees. We can only envy the legendary Canadian pro Moe Norman, who could play for weeks with a single tee. When his play
19、ing partners asked him how he managed to stripe his drives without dislodging the peg, he answered, “Im trying to hit the ball, not the tee.“ So are we all, Moe. So are we all.21 The sentence “most of us . a second thought to“ in the first paragraph explains that the tee is_.（A）portable（B） inexpensi
20、ve（C） unimpressive（D）easy to catch22 According to Paragraph 2, a small piece of rubber tubing_.（A）can support the ball（B） must fall when the ball is hit（C） will be pushed into the ground（D）will be broken when being contacted23 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true of the Reddy
21、 Tee?（A）It is painted red at the top to befit its name.（B） Walter Hagen and Joe Kirkwood brought the patent.（C） It is invented by a dentist who tried to sell or market it.（D）The inventor spent about 4 years in obtaining a patent on it.24 Jack Nicklaus believes that golfers get longer tees to elevate
22、 the ball because_.（A）the longer tees are matched to the longer gulf clubs（B） the ball is easy to get dirty in the soil than in the air（C） the height far exceeds the point of diminishing returns（D）the higher sweet spot is helpful for golfers to hit the ball further25 We may learn from the last sente
23、nce that the author_.（A）has done as Moe does but still fails（B） also plays with a single tee for weeks（C） believes that Moe doesnt tell his partners the truth（D）thinks Moe fails to understand what his partners ask25 “Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the
24、Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.Ive be
25、en thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakarias smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as
26、 well.First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. “A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy,“ says Lawre
27、nce Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skills excellence at communicating and working with peoplewith technical skills.My second reason: We need people con
28、versant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also by first-rate humanism. When the Presidents Council on B
29、ioethics issued its report in 2002, “Human Cloning and Human Dignity,“ it depends upon the humanities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values.Third, wherever our careers lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with those around us, and there s some evidence that literatur
30、e nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine published five studies indicating that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popular fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human na
31、ture that help us decode the world around us and be better friends. Literature also builds bridges of understanding.In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.26 What is implied in the first paragraph?（A）Parents may encourage their children
32、 to major in anthropology.（B） The humanities in Harvard are not popular among parents and students.（C） The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.（D）Rick Scott may think anthropologists arent key interests of the state.27 Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts_.（A）ar
33、e enough for you to succeed（B） can enrich your wallets in economy（C） achieve balance between communicating value and soft skills（D）maximize your potential when coupled with technical skills28 Which of the following cannot be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?（A）Should Youtube
34、 change its web page?（B） Where should Facebook set its privacy?（C） How should Google handle sex and violence articles?（D）Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terrorists?29 According to the Science magazine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonfiction_.（A
35、）evaluate the work more difficulty（B） decode the emotional state poorly（C） have richer emotional intelligence（D）recognize the portrait more easily30 On the whole, the reasons that the humanities enrich our spiritual life include all the following EXCEPT_.（A）they are useful for improving emotional in
36、telligence（B） they are essential to the wise decisions of an organization（C） they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour force（D）they benefit students in communications and interpersonal skills30 On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new
37、neighborhoodalone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made f
38、riends with a few local dog owners. She had taken possession of her new environment, and was keen to teach us things we didn t know.When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam
39、 around without adult supervision. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles, has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their leisure time at home. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by adults. Such narrowing of the childs world has happened across the d
40、eveloped world. But Germany is generally much more accepting of letting children take some risks. To this German parent, it seems that America s middle class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level.“We are depriving them of opportunities to learn how to take control of their own lives,“ wr
41、ites Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College. He argues that this increases “the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, and so on,“ which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. He sees risky, outside play of children among themselves without adult supervision as a wa
42、y of learning to control strong emotions like anger and fear.I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I won t be around forever to protect my girl from the challenges life holds in store for her, so the earlier she develop the intellectual maturity to navigate the world, the better. And
43、by giving kids more control over their lives, they learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities.It is hard for parents to balance the desire to protect their children against the desire to make them more self-reliant. And every one of us has to decide for himself what level of risk he is
44、ready to accept. But parents who prefer to keep their children always in sight and under their thumbs should consider what sort of trade-offs are involved in that choice.31 Which of the following is NOT true about the author s daughter?（A）She went out without adult supervision.（B） She knew where the
45、 little park was located.（C） She visited her new neighbors and made some friends.（D）She had more ideas about the surroundings than the author.32 Different from American kids, German kids_.（A）are allowed to be faced with some risks（B） spend about 10% of their free time at home（C） will be overprotecte
46、d when moved in America（D）are more self-reliant than kids in any other developed countries33 According to Peter Gray, overprotection may lead to_.（A）underlying risks（B） mental disorders（C） adolescent rebellion（D）emotional problems34 The authors attitude towards loosening the control over kids is_.（A
47、）confident（B） objective（C） critical（D）supportive35 The most appropriate title for this text would be_.（A）The Case for Free-range Parenting（B） The Drawback of Adult Supervision（C） Protection or Hands-off Management（D）American Parenting vs. German Parenting35 At a party for Ms. magazine s 40th birthda
48、y, the Canadian writer Ann Dowsett Johnston waited for an audience with Gloria Steinem, hoping to cull wisdom for her research on women and alcohol. “Alcohol?“ Steinem said to Johnston, looking “dismissive.“ “Alcohol is not a women s issue.“Steinem may have been hasty. We know that many women report
49、 drinking more often in recent decades, that they are drinking more when they do, and that the physiological impact and social meaning of it all is different for women than for men. Women are the engine of growth for the American wine market and are being arrested for drunken driving more often than before. How much alarm should be invested in those observations is up for debate in both Johnstons book, Dri
