1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 95 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful 【C1】_ is spreading through their po
2、pulations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is 【C2】_. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 【C3】_ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 【C4】 _ever-incre
3、asing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 【C5】 _ wire umbilici.It is tempting to【C6】_a “strategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】_, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】_ experimented with by many product designers. Thi
4、s makes it all the more powerful.Tech【C9】_occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as animal behaviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10 】_cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】_with a food pellet
5、 for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails.“Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】_look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endors
6、ement【C13 】_an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile【C14】_that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】_by an invasive pseudo-o
7、rganism would believe.【C16 】_, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】_sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 【C18】_ the Financ
8、ial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】_, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】_to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.1 【C1 】（A）phenomenon（B） epidemic（C） issue（D
9、）event2 【C2 】（A）striking（B） obscure（C） interesting（D）mysterious3 【C3 】（A）relying（B） choosing（C） grabbing（D）using4 【C4 】（A）taking over（B） feeding on（C） catching up（D）allowing for5 【C5 】（A）with（B） over（C） to（D）via6 【C6 】（A）point（B） turn（C） attribute（D）prefer7 【C7 】（A）Instead（B） Moreover（C） Therefore（D
10、）Otherwise8 【C8 】（A）which（B） as（C） that（D）where9 【C9 】（A）progress（B） term（C） crisis（D）addiction10 【C10 】（A）dangerous（B） special（C） large（D）funny11 【C11 】（A）rewarded（B） resisted（C） resumed（D）reversed12 【C12 】（A）anxiously（B） occasionally（C） happily（D）endlessly13 【C13 】（A）within（B） from（C） about（D）thro
11、ugh14 【C14 】（A）support（B） approve（C） argue（D）insist15 【C15 】（A）formed（B） seperated（C） classified（D）modified16 【C16 】（A）Surprisingly（B） Importantly（C） Fortunately（D）Regrettably17 【C17 】（A）compensate（B） help（C） comfort（D）improve18 【C18 】（A）share（B） obtain（C） subscribe（D）observe19 【C19 】（A）part（B） sens
12、e（C） level（D）way20 【C20 】（A）adaptive（B） careful（C） similar（D）captivePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It took some time to figure out just the right shopping complex, off just the right highway interchange an
13、d just the right distance from Seoul, that could accommodate a 624,000-square-foot storethat is to say, one more than three times the size of the average Wal-Mart Supercenter. It took more time to solve certain mysteries, like how big to make the store s children s section in a country where kids ar
14、e often given ample space in the family living quarters. It took more time to figure out how to showcase kitchens that incorporate kimchi refrigerators, a uniquely Korean appliance and even more time to untangle nuances of the market, like the South Koreans preference for metal chopsticks. In all, i
15、t took about six years for Ikea to unveil its inaugural store in South Korea, in Gwangmyeong, starting from the first scouting trip.The lag was typically Ikean. But six years? “The more global, the more complex it gets,“ replies Mikael Palmquist, the regional manager of retail for Asia Pacific. “We
16、need to get these things right or we will never be taken seriously.“Today the Gwangmyeong store, which is the companys largest in the world by shopping area, is on track to become one of Ikeas top-performing outlets for 2015.The success is hardly a fluke. Ikea, it seems, is a genius at selling Ikeaf
17、lat packing, transporting, and reassembling its quirky Swedish styling all across the planet. The furniture and furnishings brand is in more countries than Wal-Mart and Carrefour. China, where Ikea has eight of its 10 biggest stores, is the companys fastest-growing market. An outlet in Morocco is co
18、ming soon, and there are hints that Brazil may not be far off. Meanwhile, Ikea is going meatballs out in India, where it plans to invest about $2 billion over a decade to open 10 stores.Getting it right in emerging markets like China and India, where Ikea is well-positioned to capitalize on a growin
19、g middle class, is a key factor in its goal of hitting 50 billion in sales by 2020. Thats up from 28.7 billion in its fiscal 2014 and almost double its 2005 sales level. Today the Ikea Group has 318 stores, not including the brands some four dozen franchised locations; its aiming for around 500 by 2
20、020.21 The first paragraph is used to illustrate that_.（A）it took more time to figure out a right shopping complex（B） it was tricky to make an ample children s section in a store（C） it was time-consuming to untangle nuances of the Korean market（D）the lag is the unique feature of Ikea to open new sto
21、res22 Ikea doesn t expand too rapidly because_.（A）it is a global company（B） the expansion is too complex（C） it is difficult to get things right（D）it needs to be taken seriously by customers23 The phrase “a fluke“(Para. 4)probably means_.（A）an effort（B） good luck（C） an opportunity（D）a necessity24 Acc
22、ording to the text, Ikea is a genius at all of the following EXCEPT_.（A）selling its furniture（B） selling its furnishings（C） reassembling Swedish style（D）expanding outlets25 Which of the following is NOT true?（A）Ikea is aiming for around 500 stores by 2020.（B） South Korean is Ikea s fastest-growing m
23、arket.（C） Brazil may be one of Ikeas emerging markets.（D）Ikea plans to capitalize on middle classes in India.25 Institutions of higher learning must move, as the historian Walter Russell Mead puts it, from a model of “time served“ to a model of “stuff learned.“ Because increasingly the world does no
24、t care what you know. Everything is on Google. The world only cares, and will only pay for, what you can do with what you know. And therefore it will not pay for a C-plus in chemistry, just because your state college considers that a passing grade and was willing to give you a diploma. We re moving
25、to a more competency-based world, where there will be less interest in how you acquired the competency and more demand to prove that you mastered the competency.Therefore, we have to get beyond the current system of information and deliverythe professorial “sage on the stage“ and students taking not
26、es, followed by a superficial assessment, to one in which students are asked and empowered to master more basic material online at their own pace, and the classroom becomes a place where the application of that knowledge can be honed through lab experiments and discussions with the professor.There s
27、eemed to be a strong consensus that this “blended model“ combining online lectures with a teacher-led classroom experience was the ideal. Last fall, San Jose State used the online lectures and interactive exercises of MIT s introductory online Circuits and Electronics course. Students would watch th
28、e MIT lectures and do the exercises at home. Then in class, the first 15 minutes were reserved for questions and answers with the San Jose State professor, and the last 45 were devoted to problem-solving and discussion. Preliminary numbers indicate that those passing the class went from nearly 60 pe
29、rcent to about 90 percent.We demand that plumbers and kindergarten teachers be certified to do what they do, but there is no requirement that college professors know how to teach. No more. The world of MOOCs(Massive Open Online Courses)is creating a competition that will force every professor to imp
30、rove his or her pedagogy or face an online competitor.Bottom line: There is still huge value in the residential college experience and the teacher-student and student-student interactions it facilitates. But to thrive, universities will have to nurture even more of those unique experiences while ble
31、nding in technology to improve education outcomes in measurable ways at lower costs. We still need more research on what works, but standing still is not an option.26 Institutions of higher learning must shift models because the world cares_.（A）the knowledge you have acquired in the college（B） the t
32、ime you put into study and action（C） the way you master the learning ability（D）the things you can handle with your knowledge27 Which of the following does the current system of information and delivery in higher education NOT include?（A）Students write down the key points.（B） Professors give online l
33、ectures.（C） A simple assessment about teaching is made.（D）Professors give lectures in the front of classroom.28 According to Paragraph 3, we can learn that online lectures in San Jose State last fall_.（A）took an hour for each lecture（B） were followed by classroom experiences（C） surpassed classroom e
34、xperiences in teaching effect（D）were the first step to get a degree in Circuits and Electronics course29 What does the author mean by “No more“ in Paragraph 4?（A）College professors are forced to improve his pedagogy.（B） There is no competition among college students.（C） Teaching capacity of college
35、professors can be assessed.（D）There is no need for plumbers and kindergarten teachers to obtain certification.30 The most appropriate title for this text would be_.（A）Future of Education is in Online Learning（B） Colleges Teachers Should Take a Back Seat（C） We Should Move the Research on Education fo
36、rward（D）Information Technology Promote Students Learning30 Google is talking to auto makers about how to bring its self-driving-car technology to market, executives said Tuesday. Project director Chris Urmson said a self-driving car is probably still six years away. But, he added, “We are thinking n
37、ow about how to bring this car to market.“There is a lot of “debate internally about how automobiles can use this technology,“ said Sebastian Thrun, the original leader of Googles autonomous car project. “There will be a time when a significant number of cars will carry Google technology.“Google s c
38、o-founder Sergey BrinUrmson s bosssaid roughly a year and a half ago that Google s self-driving car was about five years away. Urmson said on Tuesday that he is working on a six-year timeline, based on when his 10-year-old son turns 16 and will be able to drive in California. Bryant Walker Smith, a
39、fellow at Stanford Universitys Center for Automotive Research, said it can take up to six years to design and build a new car. Smith said any self-driving car ready in six years would likely be “limited in terms of capability, availability, or geography.“Google s car looks like a regular vehicle but
40、 it uses multiple sensors and map data in real time to understand where it is and maneuver through streets and highways without human intervention. The project started in 2009 and became an early part of Google X, the companys research lab for risky, long-term initiatives. Some on Wall Street are co
41、ncerned about Google s increased focus on these projects; however, they also give the company a chance to expand into huge new markets, such as autos.Urmson said Googles autonomous cars are expensive, but he declined to be specific. Thats partly due to the laser sensor perched on top of the vehicles
42、, which is made by Silicon Valley-based Company Velodyne. About 150 of these laser devices are produced a year, which increases the price of the component, Urmson explained.Besides, Arturo Corral, one of Googles test drivers, said weather is a serious challenge. In heavy rain, the system asks driver
43、s to take back control of the car, Corral said. Google has not tested the vehicles in snow yet. “We still have a long way to go,“ he added.31 Google s co-founder estimated that it may take_to bring Google s car into reality.（A）five years（B） a year and a half（C） six years（D）ten years32 In Paragraph 3
44、, “availability“ means_.（A）efficiency（B） practicality（C） stability（D）accuracy33 Which of the following statements is true?（A）Google has already brought its self-driving-car technology to market.（B） It will take the company six years to manufacture a perfect Google s car.（C） There are a lot of disagr
45、eement about Googles automatic navigation technology.（D）Project director Chris Urmson s son drives a concept Google s car.34 According to Paragraph 4, Google s car needs_.（A）human intervention in normal days（B） a regular operation system（C） a real-time map（D）only one specific sensor35 According to t
46、he last paragraph, whats a real challenge in this project?（A）The high research and development costs.（B） Disagreement and conflict among developers.（C） Investors on-going worry and doubt.（D）Operation uncertainty in harsh environment.35 Much of continental Europe is in poor shape. True, the aggregate
47、 wealth of people is little changed and the social capital in museums, parks and other amenities is still intact. Yet, in the western part, the economy is failing society. Inclusion of ethnic minorities and youth in the economy is more lacking than ever. Among those who do participate, fewer are pro
48、spering. It is a measure of the decline that, in almost every country, the growth of wage rates has steadily slowed since 1995. What has gone wrong?European economists speak of a loss of competitiveness in southern Europe. They suggest that output and employment are down, relative to the past trend,
49、 because wages leapt ahead of productivity, making labour too expensive and forcing employers to cut back. Taking this perspective, some German economists argue that wages need to fall in the affected economies. Others argue instead for monetary stimulusfor instance, asset purchases by central banksto raise prices and make current wage rates affordable.Economists of a classical bent lay a l
