1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 22 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of
2、the environment.2 Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today s young people, it naturally follows that today s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.3 Should you break the
3、 rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.4 The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers respect for working people than about a fear of risking
4、 their anger.5 We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.6 Consequently, most of the world s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries
5、with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.7 As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmfu
6、l to ourselves.8 In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.9 For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them
7、without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and selfawareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.10 But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.
8、11 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five- star general.12 Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, an
9、d needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.13 The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school.14 Recycling also stimulates the local
10、 economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.15 Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or bett
11、er, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women.16 The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural“ as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not i-dentical, maki
12、ng direct comparisons between the three difficult.17 It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.18 Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the countr
13、y, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.19 It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestabli
14、shes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.20 This eye on the consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell w
15、hatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.21 Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the parti
16、cipants leaving their homes and / or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.22 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of na
17、tural phenomena.23 As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them.24 Furthermore, it i
18、s obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.25 In the early industrialized countries of Europe,the process of industrialization w
19、ith all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 22 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments
20、into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 有时，我们必须把文化看作人类的一部分，有时，则把它看作环境的一部分，因此很容易陷入困境。【试题解析】 句子主干：We get into difficulties from；viewing 后接两个并列的介词短语 as，as【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 既然对英语水平下降的关注并不被看成是每一代都有的现象，而被看成是现在年轻人特有的新现象，很自然，接下来就是责备今天的英语教师没有做好工作。【试题解析】 句子主干：Since(原因状语从句 )，it follows that(主句)；从句中 notbut rather意为“
21、不是而是”；主句中 that 引导宾语从句。【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 假如你违背常规，在电梯中盯着一个陌生人，你会令别人极不舒服，而你自己可能也觉得有点不自在。【试题解析】 句子主句：you will makeand you are likely to feel；从句是省略了 if 的条件状语从句 Should you break the rule，并导致主谓倒装。【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 这一提议很快得到通过，(不是)与其说是出于国家立法者对劳动者的尊敬，(而是) 不如说是因为害怕激起他们的愤怒。【试题解析】 句子主干：The adoption may have indi
22、cated less aboutthan about；句中比较结构 lessthan作动词 indicated 的宾语。【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 给我们留下印象最深的是：即便没有告诉那些病人他们的病情有多严重，他们也很清楚其可能的后果。【试题解析】 句子主干：We were impressed by the fact that；that 从句为 fact的同位语，其中 who 引导定语从句修饰 patients。【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 因此，世界上大多数冰箱并不在热带，虽然在那儿它们也许会被证明有用，而是在温度适宜、从气候上看几乎不需要冰箱的富裕国家。【试题解析】 句子主
23、干：most of thefridges are to be found，not inbut in；where they mightprove useful 是定语从句修饰 tropics，where they are climatically almost unnecessary 是定语从句修饰 wealthy countries，with mild temperatures 是介词短语作定语修饰 wealthy countries。【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 随着机器人的智能提高到与人的智力匹敌的地步，再加上它们的制造费用随规模效益而下降，我们也许可以用机器人来开拓边远地区，其实首
24、先是利用它们对环境的忍耐力，而那些环境对我们自己是有害的。【试题解析】 句子主干：Asand aswe may use them to；两个 as 引导的从句并列作状语；first on earth through their ability to是介词短语作状语；harmful to ourselves 形容词短语作定语修饰 environments。【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 此外，在过去 20 年中对洛杉矶的建设规定所作的修改加强了该城建筑和公路的抗震能力，使其抗震性更强。【试题解析】 句子主干changeshave strengthened the citys building
25、 and highways，；madeto the construction codes 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 changes；making them more resistant toquakes 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明前面的句子。【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 因为所有这些原因，有效率地阅读报纸，也就是说从中得到你需要的信息而不浪费时间，这就要求你改进和应用阅读方法时既要有技巧又要有自觉性。【试题解析】 句子主干：reading newspapersdemands skill and self-wareness； which 引导非限定性定语从句修饰前面的 read
26、ing newspapers efficiently；as 引导时间状语从句。【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 但是对许多人来说，穷人们能够不依靠政府的帮助而养活自己，并且过得和依靠政府的救助时一样好，这本身就是伟大的胜利。【试题解析】 句子主干：the fact thatisa victory；thatwith it 从句是：fact的同位语，其中有一个比较结构 as wellas，it 指代 government aid。【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 美国人为他们的多样化和个性而自豪，然而没有什么比制服更让他们喜爱与推崇的了无论是电梯操作员的制服还是五星上将的制服。【试题解析】
27、 句子主干：Americans are proud of，yet，whether；yet 引导并列句，表转折，其中 few 表示否定，“很少的”，“不多的”；whether 引导状语从句。【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 最后，别人会给予我们重要的支持，即经济的帮助、物质资源和所需的服务所有这些帮助我们解决和处理问题，从而减轻我们的压力。【试题解析】 句子主干：other people may give us support；破折号之间的部分是 support 的同位语；that 引导定语从句修饰 support。【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 我没有成为典型的成功学生，这是因为兼顾
28、文科与工科并不像我在上高中时设想的那样容易。【试题解析】 句子主干：The reality thatis that；that has blocked是定语从句修饰 reality；thatengineering 是表语从句，其中包括 asas 引导的比较状语从句。【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 回收利用也通过创造就业机会刺激地方经济的发展并减少某些企业的污染和能源成本问题，这些企业可以用从回收品中提炼的原材料生产再生产品。【试题解析】 句子主干：Recycling stimulatesand trims ；that 引导定语从句修饰 industries。两个 by 引导的介词短语作方式
29、状语。【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 尽管老年妇女找工作用时较长，但是她们拥有一份工作后会干得更久而且缺勤率较低，工作表现无异于男性或年轻女性，甚至还要好，并且更值得信赖，更好学。【试题解析】 句子主干：older women job hunt，hold，perform，areand are；though 引导让步状语，其中省略了 they are；主句中谓语由五个部分并列组成。【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 关键是这三本辞典都有独特的“文化” 内容和语言学习内容，虽说如此，它们在处理文化因素的方式上却各不相同，这样，要想直截了当地对三者进行比较就不是容易的事情。【试题解析】 第一
30、句主干：the fact is that；第二句主干：the wayis not，identical；that being said 是分词独立主格结构，作让步状语； in which 引导定语从句修饰 the way；makingdifficult 是分词短语作状语，其中 difficult 作宾补，between the three 作状语，位置提前。【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 计算机解决问题和做出决策的能力显示了它的最大潜力，同时，这种能力也为人们预测它对社会的影响带来了最大的困难。【试题解析】 句子主干：It isthat representsand that poses。本
31、句为强调句型，强调主语 thecapacity ofmaking decisions。【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 与其他违法者不一样的是，计算机罪犯有时逃脱了惩罚，他们不但要求免于起诉，而且还要求给予好的推荐以及或许还有其他方面的好处。其他形式的违法者要么必须逃离到国外，要么畏罪自杀或者进监狱。【试题解析】 主句为 computer criminals escape punishment,其前面为介词短语带一个非限定性定语从句一起作状语，其后面为一分词短语作伴随状语。其中 not only thatbut also that引导两个并列句，作 demand 的宾语。【知识模块】 翻译
32、19 【正确答案】 重要的是，当说话者想再次与听众进行目光交流时，听众此刻要注视着说话者，否则，说话者会以为听众对自己的话不感兴趣，因此他要么会停顿一下，直到目光重新再交流，要么就会结束谈话。【试题解析】 句子主干：It is important that：if they are，the speak assumes thatand eitheror。It 为形式主语，that they be为真正的主语；be looking at 为虚拟语气；when the speaker 为定语从句修饰 moment; if they are为条件状语从句，主句为 the speaker assumes
33、that。【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 这种着眼于顾客的方法就称之为营销概念，简单地说就是生产商和经销商不是旨在生产或出售最容易生产或转卖的产品，而是首先努力获悉顾客想买什么，然后再生产这些可用于购买的商品。【试题解析】 句子主干：approach is known as；which means为非限定性定语从句修饰 marketconcept；thatpurchase 为 means 的宾语从句，其中，从句中的主干为 the makers and the dealers endeavor to find out【知识模块】 翻译21 【正确答案】 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范
34、围内被分享，并且争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。【试题解析】 全句的主干为“Expertise can be shared，and problems can be settled，介词短语 through 作状语表方式；介词短语 without 作状语表伴随。【知识模块】 翻译22 【正确答案】 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。【试题解析】 这是一个复合句。Social scienceenquiry 为主句；后面 which 引导的是定语从句；从句中又有
35、一个 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 manner 一词。【知识模块】 翻译23 【正确答案】 随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法逾越的鸿沟。【试题解析】 本句为复合句，结构较为复杂。主句为 I have been impressed with，和 and less sowith 构成并列结构。主句前的 as 引导一个时间状语从句；and less so with 其实是 I have been increasingly less impressed with 的省略形式
36、，去掉了与前面重复的成分；that 引导一个定语从句修饰 structuraldifferences；at first glance 为插入语。【知识模块】 翻译24 【正确答案】 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则有赖于各种科学家和技术人员的努力。【试题解析】 本题属于复合句。句子主干是 it is obvious thatand that，it 是形式主语。两个 that 引导的是两个主语从句，由 and 连接起来。【知识模块】 翻译25 【正确答案】 在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家用十年左右的时间就可能完成这个过程。 【试题解析】 本句主干为 the processwas spread over；withfollowed 介词短语作状语表伴随状态，其中，that followed 为定语从句修饰 changes；whereas引导让步状语从句。【知识模块】 翻译
