1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 35 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】Breathing particulate-laden(aka smoggy)air may be hardening your arteries faster than normal, according to research published today in PLOS Medicine. W
2、hile everyones arteries harden gradually with age, a team of researchers led by epidemiologist Sara Adar of the University of Michigan School of Public Health discovered that higher concentrations of fine particulate air pollution were linked to a faster thickening of the inner two layers of the car
3、otid artery.【F2】Because the carotid artery feeds blood to the neck, head, and brain, a narrowing or blockage there can trigger strokes. And general atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and heart failure.【F3】Past research has
4、demonstrated that the rates of stroke and heart attack are higher in polluted areas, but experts havent been able to pinpoint just how polluted air is raising peoples risk for heart attack or stroke. This time, Adars team, along with Joel Kaufman, professor of environmental and occupational health s
5、ciences and medicine at the University of Washington, was able to directly measure carotid artery thickness and link it to air pollution data.The study involved 5, 362 people between the ages of 45 and 84 living in six different cities that are part of the MESA AIR(Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclero
6、sis and Air Pollution)research project, led by Joel Kaufman. Each participant underwent two carotid artery ultrasounds three years apart. These measurements were then correlated with data on fine particulate air pollution.【F4】While the artery walls of all participants increased by 14 micrometers per
7、 year, the arteries of those who were exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution in their homes thickened faster than their neighbors in other parts of the city.【F5】Interestingly, the researchers also found the reverse effect to be true: reducing fine particulate air pollution levels
8、 slowed down atherosclerosis progression. Carotid artery measurements are considered by experts to be an indicator for arterial plaque and hardening throughout the body.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 【F1】Japan said Tuesday it had successfully extracted methane hydrate, known as “fire ice“, from its
9、 seabed, possibly unlocking many years worth of gas for the resource-starved country.In what they are claiming as a world first, a consortium is drilling for the hydrate, a fossil fuel that looks like ice but consists of very densely-packed methane surrounded by water molecules, one kilometre(3, 300
10、 feet)below sea level.【F2 】The solid white substance burns with a pale flame, leaving nothing but water. One of it is estimated to contain many times the equivalent volume of methane in gas form.The consortium, led by Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, began initial work in February las
11、t year and on Tuesday started a two-week experimental production, an economy, trade and industry ministry official said. “It is the worlds first offshore experiment producing gas from methane hydrate,“ the official said, adding that the team successfully collected methane gas extracted from the half
12、-frozen substance.【F3 】Under the government-led project, the consortium is to separate methanethe primary component of natural gasfrom the solid clathrate compound under the seabed using the high pressures available at depth, officials said. A huge layer of methane hydrate containing 1.1 trillion cu
13、bic metres(38.5 trillion cubic feet)in natural gasequivalent to Japans consumption of the gas for 11 yearsis believed to lie in the ocean floor off the coast of Shikoku island, western Japan, the officials said.【F4】“We aim to establish methane hydrate production technologies for practical use by the
14、 fiscal 2018 year ending March 2019.“ a consortium official said. “We want to consolidate technologies for its commercialisation,“ economy, trade and industry minister Toshimitsu Motegi also told a news conference, according to Jiji Press. “I hope we can make use of resources surrounding our country
15、 as soon as possible by clearing hurdles one by one,“ he added.【F5】The move comes as resource-poor Japan has struck out in search of new energy supplies after it shut down its stable of nuclear reactors in the wake of 2011 s tsunami-sparked nuclear crisis.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 This line
16、of inquiry did not begin until earlier this monthmore than three months after the accidentbecause there were “too many emotions, too many egos,“ said retired Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this pa
17、rt of his inquiry was in its earliest stages, starting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is “inconceivable“ that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronauts in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal da
18、mage to Columbias left wing.【F1】Gehman told reporters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASAs decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbias fatal retur
19、n.Investigators believe breakaway insulating foam damaged part of Columbia s wing shortly after lift off, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re-entry on Feb.l, melt it from inside.【F2】Among those decisions was the choice by NASAs senior shuttle managers and administrator
20、s to reject offers of satellite images of possible damage to Columbias left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday s hearing.Gehman complained managers and administrators “missed signals “when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of
21、 the space agencys inaction during the 16-day shuttle mission.【F3 】“We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here,“ Gehman told senators. “Were not quite so happy with the process.“【F4】The investigative board alre
22、ady had recommended that NASA push for better coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit.【F5】Still, Gehman sa
23、id it was unclear whether even images from Americas most sophisticated spy satellites might have detected on Columbias wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites proved to be a sensitive topic during the Senate hearin
24、g.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 【F1】GE, a large American conglomerate, is now proposing to make ultrasound transducers by “additive“manufacturingor three-dimensional printing, as it is also known. A new laboratory at the firm s research centre in Niskayuna, New York, is taking a hard-headed
25、look at the technique, which some see as a fad and others as the future, and working out which products might be made more efficiently by addition rather than subtraction.【F2】The GE process for making a transducer begins by spreading onto the print table a thin layer of ceramic slurry containing a l
26、ight-sensitive polymer. This layer is exposed to ultraviolet light through a mask that represents the required pattern. Wherever the light falls on the polymer it causes it to solidify, binding the particles in the slurry together. The print table is then lowered by a fraction of a millimetre and th
27、e process repeated, with a different mask if required. And so on. Once finished, the solidified shape is cleaned of residual slurry and heated in a furnace to sinter the ceramic particles together. More work will be needed to turn the process into a production-ready system. But Prabhjot Singh, who l
28、eads the project, hopes that it will be possible to use it to make not just cheaper ultrasound probes, but also more sensitive ones that can show greater detail.【F3】Although researchers have had new transducer designs in mind for years, it has been impractical to construct them subtractively. Additi
29、ve manufacturing could change that.The new laboratory will look at other forms of additive manufacturing, too.【F4】Some 3D printers spread metal powders on the print table and sinter the pattern with lasers or electron beams, rather than using masks. Others deposit thin filaments of polymer in order
30、to build structures up. GE is interested in how the technology could be used right across the firms businesses, from aerospace to power generation and consumer products, according to Luana Iorio, head of manufacturing technologies at GE Global Research.The gains include less waste and the ability to
31、 make bespoke parts more easily. But one of the most compelling advantages is freeing designers from the constraints of traditional production. Those constraints include having to design things not in their optimal shape but to be machined, often as a series of pieces. Additive manufacturing can com
32、bine parts into a single item, so less assembly is needed. That can also save weighta particular advantage in aerospace.【F5】These new production opportunities mean manufacturers, big and small, are about to become a lot more inventive.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 35 答案与解析Part CDir
33、ections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 根据今日发表在公共科学图书馆医学杂志上的研究，呼吸含大量颗粒物的(雾霾) 空气可能会让你的动脉硬化速度加快。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 由于颈动脉要向颈部、头部和大脑供血，颈动脉变窄或堵塞可能会引发中风。通常动脉硬化是冠心病、心脏病发作和心力衰竭的主要风险因素。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 以往的研究已经表明，在受污染地
34、区中风和心脏病发作的几率更高，但专家还未能查明空气污染是如何提高人们心脏病或中风发作的风险的。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 尽管所有参与者的动脉壁每年都会增厚 14 微米，但那些家周边空气中细颗粒污染物水平更高的人动脉壁比住在同城其他地区的人增厚速度更快。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 有趣的是，研究人员还发现反之亦然：降低空气中的细颗粒污染物水平会减慢动脉硬化的速度。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 日本周二宣布，已经成功地从日本海底提取出甲烷水合物，俗称“可燃冰”，此举可能将给这个资源贫乏的国家开启可延续多年的燃气资源宝藏。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确
35、答案】 这种白色固体物质燃烧时发出苍白色的火焰，燃尽后只留下水。据估计 1 立方米的可燃冰含有数倍于同体积甲烷气体的能量。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 据官员称，在这一政府领头的工程中，该联盟将把甲烷(天然气的主要成分)通过在海洋深处才能达到的高压从海底的固体水合物中分离出来。 【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 联盟的一名官员说：“我们的目标是在 2018 财政年度结束前研发出可供实际应用的甲烷水合物生产技术，2018 财政年度截止于 2019 年 3 月。” 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 2011 年海啸引发核危机之后日本就关闭了核电站，从那以后资源贫乏的日本就一直在奋力寻
36、求新的能源供给来源。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 格曼于听证会后告诉记者，关于一些重要问题的答案可能会产生巨大的影响。原因是这些答案可能在一个不同的情形下审视宇航局的决定，宇航局决定反对在哥伦比亚号返航前仔细检查可能出现的侧翼故障。 【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 在这些决定中，有一个便是宇航局管理官员拒绝接受军方所提供的关于哥伦比亚号航天飞机左翼隐患的卫星照片。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 格曼告诉参议员：“我们尝试把这件事详细地写进我们的报告，但是有大量的官员和管理者忽略了故障的征兆。我们对调查的进程不太满意。” 【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答
37、案】 调查委员会曾建议美国航空航天局促成宇航局和掌管卫星及望远镜的军方部门间更好的合作。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 来自于美国军方最先进的间谍卫星的照片是否能检测出哥伦比亚号飞船侧翼上的两英寸大小的破损，格曼对此仍旧不敢肯定。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 GE 作为美国一个庞大的企业集团正考虑采用“对比添加式” 的加工流程(或者又称大家所熟悉的“3D 印刷”) 来加工超声波压电式换能器。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 GE 对加工换能器的方法是首先在印刷台上撒上薄薄的一层陶瓷粘土，其中混入一种光敏聚合体。 【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 多年以来，压电式换能器的研究者们一直都有新型设计的想法，但应用“对比相减式 ”的加工流程实际上很难能把这样的构想变为现实。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 一些 3D 印刷机在印刷台铺撒金属粉末之后，采用露光模板以外的激光或电子束方式进行热凝处理来产生样模。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 这些新的生产机会意味着制造商们，无论规模大小，都将变得更加具有创造性。 【知识模块】 翻译
