1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 347 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 You arc going to read a text about negotiating rules for a raise, followed by a list of evidences. Choose the best evidence from the list AF for each numbered subheading(15). There is one extra evidence which you do not need to use.Although women have cert
2、ainly made plenty of progress in the workplace over the past three decades, the glass ceiling remains firmly in place at many companiesespecially when it comes to compensation. But some experts now suggest that the wage imbalance between the sexes could have as much to do with womens failure to nego
3、tiate well as any other factor.So how can womenand men too, for that matter negotiate better deals in the workplace? Miller recently spoke on the topic at a workshop organized by the Advertising Women of New York. Heres a crash course on his findings:【C1 】Show enthusiasm.The most important mistake y
4、ou can make is to act passive and wait for them to lure you with a fantastic offer.【C2 】Know what you want.Youre trying to get a better job than what you have, not a solution to all your problems.【C3 】Avoid showing your hand.In interviews, many candidates are asked: How much do you earn at your curr
5、ent job? Do you blurt it out? Thats a huge mistakeyou lose a major bargaining tool. So how do you deal with it? Learn to say that its not about the money, but rather the job itself that attracts you to the company.【C4 】Show why youre the best fit.Start by knowing that you already have the skills for
6、 the job if you get an interview, and that they re talking to at least five other people in the same situation as you. What you have to do is to show that you are the perfect match for their needs.【C5 】Be on the lookout at all times.Even if you love your current job, its always good to have one foot
7、 in the marketplace. Network, network, network.Meet folks in the same industry by joining a professional organization and participate in high-visibility activities. Get to know people who are in a position to hire you before youre in a position where you need a job. Its easier to develop a relations
8、hip with people when you dont need anything from them.Consider joining a social club or working for a charity. It not only helps introduce you to people in your area but also exposes you to people in other fields that you might be interested in exploring.AIn fact, avoid talking about money until the
9、 last leg of the interview process, when theyre ready to make you an offer. Then youll know youre the candidate they want, and the ball is in your court.BSo dont get too emotionally attached to the job for which youre interviewing. Something may seem like a dream job from the outside, but its import
10、ant to remain objective. You should be able to walk away without remorse if they cant meet what you most want from the job.CIt helps in determining your own worth and can give you another tool to negotiate a promotion or raise at your current job. So make sure you keep your ears perked up, albeit di
11、screetly.DDance around the number and ask what theyve budgeted for the position. If pressed, be prepared with a number that reflects your total current compensation, including all benefits and bonus. EThe car-buying approach with a dealer“Ill go elsewhere if you wont give me the best deal“ wont work
12、 with employment. You have to show excitement and enthusiasm and make the employer want you.FAsk the right questions about the culture and the job requirements, and pepper the conversation with what your own expectations are. If its a team culture, give examples of situations where you have been a g
13、reat team player. If the company centers more on individual performance, show how you generate great ideas.1 【C1 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】5 You arc going to read a list of headings and a text about panic attacks. Choose the most suitable heading from the list AG for each numbered paragraph(15).
14、There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.AWhat is panic disorder?BDoes it run in families?CHow can I cope?DWhat is the best therapy?EWhat causes a panic attack?FHow to diagnose panic attack?GWhat is a panic attack?It can come out of nowhere. Youre shopping for groceries or buckling
15、your seat belt when suddenly your muscles contract and your heart begins to pound.Panic attacks can be both bewildering and terrifying, but theyre not unusual. An estimated 2. 4 million people experience one every year. It may begin as tightness in the chest, shortness of breath or a galloping heart
16、beat. Many sufferers believe they are having a heart attack and rush to the emergency room.Prevalence rates have been on the upswing since the 1950s, although many experts believe what seems like a trend is simply better diagnosis. 【C1 】_More than a feeling of anxiety, a panic attack produces distin
17、ctive physical symptoms. Each person experiences panic differently, but most people report intense fear accompanied by bodily sensations that can range from a racing heart to nausea and dizziness. Panic can come on suddenly or slowly and usually lasts no more than 20 minutes at its peak.【C2 】_Scient
18、ists believe panic attacks stem from the brains “fight or flight“ system gone awry, often ignited by stress or a traumatic event. In our high-octane society, that response can kick in with no real threat in sight or after the source of stress is long gone.Research suggests that chronic panic suffere
19、rs may be easily flummoxed by their bodily sensations. Someone vulnerable to panic might interpret a rapid heartbeat as a heart attack. If fear overwhelms her, the symptoms intensify in a vicious cycle.【C3 】_Vulnerability to anxiety may have a biological basis. If a parent or sibling has panic attac
20、ks, a persons risk increases by about sixfold. A Yale study found that panic attack sufferers had fewer serotonin receptors in their brains, while other studies suggest those with anxiety may have overly sensitive “suffocation alarm systems“, which delect a shortage of oxygen even under normal condi
21、tions. 【C4 】_Panic attacks are so frightening that sufferers will do just about anything to avoid another. That may mean staying away from situations associated with anxiety. Someone who once panicked on an airplane might decide not to fly. But the fear often extends to other settings; the plane pho
22、bic might start to dread cars and buses as well.People with full-blown panic disorder, in which attacks are a frequent problem, feel constantly vulnerable, which forces them to be vigilant.Only about a third of people who get occasional panic attacks will go on to develop panic disorder. Even though
23、 men and women report the attacks with equal frequency, women are twice as likely to get the disorder.【C5 】_Antidepressant medication may help alleviate panic. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy may work even better; researchers estimate that up to 80 percent of panic sufferers can be helped by p
24、sychotherapy alone.Therapists often treat panic by exposing the patient to feared settings of increasing intensity. Exposure therapy can also include exposure to the physical sensations of panic spinning clients in circles to make them dizzy, having them inhale carbon dioxide or breathe through a st
25、raw or jog to raise their heart rates. Once clients learn that those feelings do not signal impending doom, they can better withstand panic - and eventually prevent it altogether.6 【C1 】7 【C2 】8 【C3 】9 【C4 】10 【C5 】10 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 15, choose
26、the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.Anybody who has ever been inside a supermarket has encountered greater variety in five minutes than Marco Polo was exposed to in a lifetime. Hundreds of
27、breakfast cereals stand across the aisle from as many different cookies, including enough subspecies of chocolate chip to provide the adventurous a new type each day of the month. 【C1 】_Had Marco Polo had access to a PathMark or a Safeway, he could have been a world-class explorer without traveling
28、anywhere(for breakfast alone, he could have discovered seven kinds of Cheerios).【C2】_Time is only one of many hidden costs of abundance to our society, according to Swarthmore social psychologist Barry Schwartz in his intermittently brilliant sixth book, “The Paradox of Choice“.“As a culture, we are
29、 enamored of freedom, self-determination, and variety, and we are reluctant to give up any of our options,“ he writes with characteristic directness. “Rut clinging tenaciously to all the choices available to us contributes to bad decisions, to anxiety, stress, and dissatisfactioneven to clinical dep
30、ression. “【C3 】_ Rut, as Schwartz ably documents, we enter an equivalent supermarket of options when deciding where we want to live, for whom we want to work, and even how we want to look. While few have complete autonomy, a combination of technological efficiency and laissez-faire morality have ope
31、ned more choices to more Americans than ever before.The report that more Americans are also more unhappy than ever before might simply be a perverse coincidence.【 C4】_Yet, the case Schwartz makes for a correlation between our emotional state and what he calls the “tyranny of choice“ is compelling, t
32、he implications disturbing. From unmet expectations to regret over the road not taken, the perils of living in a multiple-choice society rival in number the variety of snacks in the largest grocery store. Driving this malaise is the problem that “everything suffers from comparison“. Schwartz describ
33、es a simple experiment in which people are asked whether theyd rather be given $ 100 outright, or gamble on winning $ 200 at the toss of a coin. That the vast majority would prefer the $ 100 may seem strange at first: a 50 percent chance of earning $200 is mathematically equivalent to a 100 percent
34、chance of earning $ 100. Half the people asked ought to opt for the coin toss.【C5】_Economists capture this phenomenon in the law of diminishing marginal utility(and provide us the formulae to calculate that, psychologically, wed need winnings of $240 to be equally tempted by the coin toss). How, tho
35、ugh, does this asymmetry relate to real-life choices? If losses subjectively weigh more heavily than gains, the advantages of any chocolate chip cookie or career path we select will count for less than those of the options we pass up. AWith so many options to choose from, the poor man would scarcely
36、 have had time to get out of town.BWe may even question the statistics: as the social stigma associated with depression decreases, people may be more open about their listlessness. They may even feel encouraged to consider themselves depressed as the subject receives so much attention in the media.C
37、What are we to do? Schwartz thinks he has some answers. However, while shrewdly avoiding the age-old call to turn back the hands of time, he stumbles instead headlong into the abyss of gratuitous self-help.DHowever, the alternatives are not psychologically equivalent; Getting twice the money is not
38、twice as pleasurable. The distance between zero and 100 is subjectively greater than the distance between 100 and 200.ERut thats just the start: The average grocery store stocks 30,000 distinct items, of which 20,000 are unceremoniously dumped and replaced annually.FSchwartzs mistake is to assume th
39、at we need answers, an abundance of them, and that such solutions can be produced and consumed as easily as breakfast cereals.GWere life limited to shopping for chocolate chip cookies and Cheerios, such a claim might seem exaggerated, if not absurd.11 【C1 】12 【C2 】13 【C3 】14 【C4 】15 【C5 】15 In the f
40、ollowing text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 15, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.During the past decade, the United States and Russia have joined in a number of
41、 efforts to reduce the danger posed by the enormous quantity of weapons-usable material withdrawn from nuclear weapons. Other countries and various private groups have assisted in this task.【C1】_These risks fall into three classes: the risk that some fraction, be it large or small, of the inventorie
42、s of nuclear weapons held by eight countries will be detonated either by accident or deliberately; the risk that nuclear weapons technology will diffuse to additional nations; and the risk that nuclear weapons will reach the hands of terrorist individuals or groups. 【C2 】_Indeed, success in containi
43、ng these risks would fly in the face of historical precedent. All new technologies have become dual-use, in that they have been used both to improve the human condition and as tools in military conflict. Moreover, all new technologies have, in time, spread around the globe. But this precedent must b
44、e broken with respect to the release of nuclear technology.【C3 】_ Since the end of the Cold War, the likelihood that one or another country would deliberately use nuclear weapons has indeed lessened, although the consequences of such use would be enormous. Therefore, this risk has by no means disapp
45、eared. In particular, nuclear weapons might be used in a regional conflict, such as between India and Pakistan.【C4 】_All other nations of the world have joined the treaty as “Non-Nuclear Weapons States“,but one country(North Korea)has withdrawn. Some countriespresumed to include Iran and. until the
46、ouster of Saddam Hussein, Iraqmaintain ambitions to gain nuclear weapons. A much larger number of countries have pursued nuclear weapons programs in the past but have been persuaded to abandon them.【C5 】_In order to decrease the discriminatory nature of the agreement, the nations possessing nuclear
47、weapons are obligated to assist other nations in the peaceful applications of nuclear energy. And, most important of all, the Nuclear Weapons States have agreed to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in international relations and to work in good faith toward their elimination. It is in respect to th
48、is latter obligation that the United States has been most deficient. In fact, the current Bush administrations recent Nuclear Posture Review projects an indefinite need for many thousands of nuclear weapons, and even searches for new missions for them.ATherefore, the prevention of nuclear catastroph
49、e caused by terrorists has to rely either on interdicting the explosive materials that are essential to making nuclear weapons(highly enriched uranium and plutonium, in particular)or on preventing the hostile delivery of such weapons. BThe risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons among countries has been limited in the past by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT), signed in 1968. The treaty recognizes five countries
