1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 365 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 If planning offers so many tangible benefits, why do many professionals resist it? Some are more comfortable with acting, rather than “idle thinking,“ a
2、nd therefore dont want to devote so much time to it, or they think their circumstances are so likely to change that planning is futile. Other people complain that things are going so well(or so badly)that theres no point in planning. Finally, some people don t make strategic plans because they cant
3、recognize the difference between strategic and short-term, operational planninghow to get where youve already decided to go. Circumstances do change, and its certainly legitimate to wonder about the value of planning when things are changing so rapidly. But the plans we are talking about are not set
4、 in concrete. They are adaptable frameworks, goals, that can conform to changing circumstances. Theres nothing wrong with changing direction, if we know what were doing and understand our own reasoning. A plan gives us a foundation from which we can make appropriate digressions as needed.Why plan if
5、 things are going fine? Wont they continue like this? Wont the skills we now use always be in demand? Probably notespecially in science and technology. Being prepared for new situations is a cardinal reason for having a strategic plan in the first place. Even if we cannot anticipate everything that
6、will affect our path, we have a better chance of dealing with it effectively if weve thought ahead.Things are going terribly, and I cant bother planning because survival is the name of the game right now. Good reasoning. If it seems that its going to be a close call just to reach that contracted goa
7、l, don t worry about initiating a new overall strategy. But most of us often think things are worse than they truly are. If you are continually moving from one crisis to another, you may need to take some time off to understand why. Are you really heading where you want to go? Is your personal style
8、 suited to your circumstances? What changes in direction could prevent some of these crises in the first place?So, spend some time thinking about your future, outline your plans, and discuss them with people close to you. Strategic planning takes work, but it pays off. Its an exciting way to create
9、the future rather than just coast into it.1 Many professionals refuse to make strategic plans since they believe that _.（A）operational planning is more important（B） planning is of no use at all to their work（C） their success depends on circumstances（D）inactive thinking is unhealthy and harmful2 The
10、author argues that planning _.（A）is flexible and may change with changing situation（B） may lose its value when the circumstances change（C） guides us through each stage of life to our destiny（D）adapts us to the changing environment at all times3 Even if we are doing well, we still need planning becau
11、se _.（A）we can do much better with an overall working plan（B） it offers a framework from which to make digression（C） work skills today will go out of use sooner or later（D）it helps us to deal with unanticipated situations4 By saying “its going to be a close call just to reach that contracted goal,“
12、in paragraph 4 , the author means that _.（A）a new strategy is more achievable than the old one（B） a contracted goal is unrealistic and unachievable（C） there is a faint chance to complete the fixed plan（D）there is going to be a crisis when things go worse 5 The author believes that strategic planning
13、_.（A）serves to give rise to a better future（B） brings us many substantial benefits（C） adapts our life style to circumstances（D）adjusts directions at critical moments5 The Senate has a not-to-be-missed opportunity in the next few weeks to pass legislation giving the Food and Drug Administration the p
14、ower to regulate tobacco products. It should move quicklyduring the brief period of calm before the senators must grapple with health care reform and other difficult issues.A bill to grant the F. D. A. the needed authority was approved by the House last year. It stalled in the Senate in the face of
15、Republican threats to filibuster, a veto threat from President George W. Bush, and a crowded legislative schedule before the November elections. The prospects may be better this yearprovided the Senate jumps on the issue early.The House has already passed a strong bill by a 298-to-112 margin. Presid
16、ent Barack Obama supported it. The American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association and hundreds of other respected organizations backed it. So did Philip Morris, the industry giant, which is apparently confident that it could dominate any regulated marketplace.
17、The bill would empower the F. D. A. to regulate the content of tobacco products and their marketing. The agency could order a reduction in nicotine levels and the elimination or reduction of other harmful ingredients. It could restrict marketing and sales to young people to the extent allowed by the
18、 First Amendment, crack down on misleading health claims and require larger, more effective health warnings on packages and advertisements. No senator should be fooled by a weak substitute bill offered by two tobacco-state senators, Richard Burr, a Republican, and Kay Hagan, a Democrat, both from No
19、rth Carolina. Their bill would create a new regulatory agency within the Department of Health and Human Services to handle tobacco products on the superficially plausible rationale that the F. D. A. is already overburdened with its current regulation of drugs, medical devices and food safety. Such a
20、 fledgling agency would almost certainly be much less effective than the F. D. A. , especially since the senators dont propose to grant it the broad powers and ample resources provided by the House-passed bill. As the Senate prepares for a bruising battle on health care reform, there would be no mor
21、e fitting prelude than to authorize F. D. A. regulation of tobacco products that kill 400,000 Americans each year and impose huge costs on the health care system, corporations and the national economy.6 The author argues that the Senate should _.（A）cherish each immediate opportunity to pass legislat
22、ion（B） soon empower the F. D. A. to regulate tobacco products（C） take the opportunity of a calm period to pass legislation（D）tackle health care reform after settling the issue of tobacco7 Although the House passed the bill to empower the F. D. A. to regulate tobacco products last year, _.（A）it has n
23、ot been legislated in the Senate until now（B） it met an unexpected crowded legislative schedule（C） President George W. Bush had the power to veto it（D）Republican representatives threatened to obstruct it8 It is obvious that Philip Morris is_.（A）as respected as the American Cancer Society（B） sure of
24、the benefits it would get from the bill（C） an industry giant supported by Barack Obama（D）supportive of the regulation of tobacco products9 With the power given by the legislation, the F. D. A. could_.（A）eliminate harmful ingredients in tobacco products（B） reduce nicotine levels to the extent of bein
25、g harmless（C） regulate the ingredients contained in tobacco products（D）confine the sales of tobacco products to young people10 The author argues against the bill offered by two senators from North Carolina since the F. D. A. is_.（A）responsible for the safety of drugs and food（B） more effective than
26、the agency they propose（C） overburdened with its heavy responsibilities（D）preparing for the hard task of health care reform10 What comes to mind when you hear the word “diversity“? Issues of race or gender may spring to mind. Equal rights? Or minority issues?I encourage people to look at a much wide
27、r definition of the word. I would tend to say diversity is “different-ness“ in any form. A good example of this kind of diversity has been experienced by every person who ever left behind the comforts of home and moved into uncharted territory that is at once stimulating, curious, and estranging. Is
28、sues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background and context, but also by your religion, age, field of work, family situation, sexual orientation, personality, and countless other factors that make us unique. Diversity affects everyone.Its for this reason that diversity has become
29、 such a buzz word. The buzz happens because its all about how you handle it. It s very much like the job a composer has when creating a great musical composition. If the composer understands what each unique note and dynamic mark is capable of in combination with the other parts, the result achieved
30、 is extraordinary. If, however, none of the parts is communicating with the others, were left with a cacophony.On a personal level, it s this understanding and acceptance of “ the other“ which rests at the core of diversity. Whether were talking about navigating through a multicultural urban environ
31、ment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context, it is necessary to set aside rigid assumptions about “the other“ and put oneself in the others shoes. So how do we make this leap? Its often as simple as asking questions and being careful not to assume that what you see is necessarily wh
32、at the other side sees. Often in my workshops I give a magic lesson to the audience to illustrate this principle. I first present the magic and accomplish the “impossible“. The participants receive the same props but simply cant do it. We look more carefully at the situation and realize that the ass
33、umptions they made about it actually blocked them from achieving this feat; a feat they suddenly are empowered to do which, moments ago, was impossible. The goal in being sensitive to diversity is to cultivate a culture of respect for peoples differences and understand that such an environment is be
34、neficial to everyone involved.Diversity awareness is an evolution. We can t get there by snapping our fingers, and it isn t a matter of training people to have “textbook“ politically correct attitudes. Instead its a case of looking at the big picture of how we see the world, understanding why we see
35、 it that way, and making sure we do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it.11 The author asserts that diversity is_.（A）universal（B） perplexing（C） convincing（D）extraordinary12 Diversity is best characterized by the fact that_.（A）it affects everyone（B） everyone is unique（C） it invo
36、lves countless factors（D）different-ness dominates the world13 Diversity awareness can be raised most by_.（A）having politically correct attitudes（B） moving to a new foreign social context（C） learning to respect other peoples differences（D）being sensitive to everything one experiences14 The example of
37、 magic lesson is used to illustrate that_.（A）nothing is impossible（B） magic is nothing but a feat（C） everyone can handle a magic（D）everyone can respect diversity15 The author believes that_.（A）diversity is like music（B） diversity is like a magic（C） diversity can hardly be defined（D）diversity origina
38、tes from culture15 The divorce rate in the United States rose steadily throughout the twentieth century. Prior to 1915, less than 10% of husbands and wives divorced. Between 1915 and 1940, the divorce climbed to almost 15%. By 1965, the divorce rate eclipsed 25%. In 1985, about 35% of all marriages
39、ended in divorce. In the year 2000, half of all marriages ended in divorce. In 2004, almost 60% of marriages with children ended in divorce, and the rate for second marriages with children was even higher. With such a high divorce rate, is it any wonder that so many American children experience adju
40、stment problems?Divorced couples point to various reasons for their marital breakup: money, sex, incompatibility, immaturity, lack of commitment, violence, unhappiness, jealousy, stress, infidelityto name a few. These marital problems are not new, however; they affected relationships a century ago.M
41、any experts believe the high divorce rate is a result of dramatic social and economic changes that have altered traditional family roles and relationships. They cite how increased industrialization, urban living and many other social forces have affected the makeup and lifestyle of the American fami
42、ly. Families are less likely to work, participate in activities or eat meals together. Husbands and wives may both work outside the home. As a result, many American children must develop self-dependence at an early age than their ancestors did.Americas children reflect the effects of what is happeni
43、ng to the American family. Never before have so many children faced so many problems; physical and sexual abuse, crime and delinquency, depression and suicide, drug and alcohol abuse, emotional and behavioral problems, learning difficulties, school problems, dropping out, poor grades, running away f
44、rom home, pregnancy, abortion and venereal disease. Sometimes these problems result from unhealthy social or family relationships. They also may arise as a byproduct of an unhappy marriage or a damaging divorce.Divorce can be a very painful and disruptive experience for children, with long-term effe
45、cts. Some children manage to survive their parents unhappy marriage and painful divorce and grow past it; other children suffer from the effects for years. How children are affected by divorce largely depends on their personality, the circumstance surrounding the divorce and the parents sensitivity
46、to their children.It is toward a better understanding of how parents can be more sensitive to their children during the divorce process that this publication is dedicated. When parents put the needs of their children first, and are aware of how their own behavior can either harm or help their offspr
47、ing during this time of turmoil, it is possible to reduce the negative effects of divorce on children.16 The statistics for the divorce rate in the U. S. are to show that_.（A）its increase accelerated throughout the 20th century（B） it has obviously affected many American childrens growth（C） it kept o
48、n increasing since the beginning of the 20th century（D）it was much higher in the early 21st century than the previous century17 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（A）More children in the U. S. are affected by divorce.（B） The primary reason for marital breakup is infideli
49、ty.（C） Physical and sexual abuse has harmed more children.（D）Marriages with children are most likely to end in divorce.18 According to some experts, many American children must develop self-dependence to adjust themselves to_.（A）their parents unhappy marriage（B） the new lifestyle of the American family（C） the circumstance surrounding the painful divorce（D）dramatic social and economic changes in the new century19 In order to reduce the negative effects of divorc
