1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 367 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The abortion debate has raged since 1973, when the Supreme Court gave abortion constitutional protection, but the basic law of the land has proved immut
2、able. Abortion is legal, and its going to remain legal for a long time.Laws often alter attitudes, inducing people to accept thingssuch as racial integrationthey once rejected. But sometimes, attitudes move in the opposite direction, as people see the consequences of the change. Thats the case with
3、abortion.The news that the abortion rate has fallen to its lowest level in 30 years elicits various explanations, from increased use of contraceptives to lack of access to abortion clinics. But maybe the chief reason is that the great majority of Americans, even many who see themselves as pro-choice
4、, are deeply uncomfortable with it.In 1992, a Gallup/Newsweek poll found 34 percent of Americans thought abortion “should be legal under any circumstances,“ with 13 percent saying it should always be illegal. Last year, only 26 percent said it should always be allowed, with 18 percent saying it shou
5、ld never be permitted.Sentiments are even more negative among the group that might place the highest value on being able to escape an unwanted pregnancy: young people. In 2003, Gallup found, one of every three kids from age 13 to 17 said abortion should be illegal in all circumstances. More revealin
6、g yet is that 72 percent said abortion is “morally wrong“.The report on abortion rates from the Guttmacher Institute suggests that the evolution of attitudes has transformed behavior. Since 1990, the number of abortions has dropped from 1. 61 million to 1. 21 million. The abortion rate among women o
7、f childbearing age has declined by 29 percent.Those changes could be the result of other factors, such as more use of contraception: If fewer women get pregnant, fewer will resort to abortion. But the shift is equally marked among women who do get pregnant. In 1990, 30. 4 percent of pregnancies ende
8、d in abortion. Last year, the figure was 22. 4 percent.Pro-choice groups say women are having fewer abortions only because abortion clinics are growing scarcer. But abortion clinics may be growing scarcer because of a decline in demand for their services and a public opinion climate that has gotten
9、more inhospitable. This growing aversion to abortion may be traced to better information. When the Supreme Court legalized abortion in 1973, most people had little understanding of fetal development. But the proliferation of ultrasound images from the womb, combined with the dissemination of facts b
10、y pro-life groups, has lifted the veil. The prevailing view used to be: Abortion may be evil, but it s necessary. Increasingly, the sentiment is: Abortion may be necessary, but its evil.1 By saying “the basic law of the land has proved immutable“ in the first paragraph, the author means that _.（A）ab
11、ortion is protected by the constitution（B） abortion will continue to be controversial（C） abortion debate is natural, and will persist（D）abortion is legal, and will continue to be so2 It seems that young Americans_.（A）are ready to accept things they dislike（B） are even more inhospitable to abortion（C
12、） are worried about unwanted pregnancy（D）are unwilling to use more contraceptives3 Pro-choice groups advocate for _.（A）the increased use of contraceptives（B） the change of attitude toward abortion（C） the right of women to have an abortion（D）the dissemination of useful information4 The considerable d
13、rop of abortion rate is chiefly due to_ .（A）lower rate of pregnancy（B） more use of contraception（C） the lack of abortion clinics（D）the strong dislike of abortion5 More and more Americans think that_.（A）abortion is morally wrong（B） abortion should be allowed（C） abortion is absolutely necessary（D）abor
14、tion should always be illegal5 There are many sites available to people looking to find someone for an online dating experience. These sites differ from one another in many ways and it s important before you sign up with one to understand exactly what they are offering to you. If you do a search for
15、 dating online youll find that there are many sites that claim to be free. They offer individuals the opportunity to post a profile and a picture in the hopes of connecting with someone interested in getting to know them better. Although online dating really began with these free sites, they do have
16、 drawbacks. These drawbacks should be carefully considered before a person reveals too much of themselves.One of the drawbacks is that many of the free online dating sites dont have the resources available to screen everyone who joins. This means that if you sign up in search of an online dating par
17、tner they cannot guarantee who you are talking with. The profile might read completely different from the actual person behind the keyboard. If you are serious about finding a mate this type of site might lead to more heartbreak than anything else.A good alternative to the free online dating sites i
18、s the pay sites. These sites charge a fee for members to join and search for a potential paramour. The identity of the person is authenticated so others can rest assured that they are really corresponding with who they think they are. Any quality online dating site, whether free or not, should ensur
19、e that they will keep your identifying information confidential until you decide to share it; this is very important to keep in mind. If a site does not have a privacy policy in place youd do well to not deal with them at all. Most online dating sites will give their clients several choices when it
20、comes to contacting other members they are interested in. Members will need to choose a screen name upon joining which is the way other members who are interested in dating them can identify them by. This screen name will also be used as part of an internal email system that members can then use to
21、contact each other.Online dating has led to some real time marriages. Its a great way to meet and learn about new and interesting people. If you think online dating is for you, research some of the available services, then sign up and get ready for a brand new adventure in dating. Your prince or pri
22、ncess charming might be waiting for you right now.6 The author suggests that if you intend to search someone to date online_.（A）you should find someone you are interested in（B） you should begin with a free online dating site（C） you should know exactly what services you can get（D）you should post both
23、 your profile and picture on the site7 The most obvious disadvantage of a free online dating site is that_.（A）it doesnt have enough resources for its customers（B） it demands that you sign up before dating someone（C） it will cause you more heartbreak than anything else（D）it cannot guarantee the ident
24、ity of the person you date8 A pay online dating site is superior to a free one in that_.（A）it charges only a small fee for a professional service（B） the identity of the person you search online is authentic（C） every member can enjoy the high-quality service it offers（D）it provides each member with m
25、ore candidates to correspond with9 Which of the following facts can justify the high quality of an online dating site?（A）It keeps a strict privacy policy.（B） It is pay site rather than a free one.（C） It reveals personal information freely.（D）It offers a screen name for each member.10 The author argu
26、es that_.（A）online dating has more disadvantages than advantages（B） free sites will be eliminated through selection or contest（C） dating online is really a brand new adventure worth trying（D）online dating serves as a good way to produce real marriages10 Mr. Porter, a professor at Harvard Business Sc
27、hool, is one of the worlds most respected business thinkers. He made his name and fortune teaching companies his theories of competitive advantage.Mr. Porter argues that competition can save even Americas troubled health-care system, the largest in the world. He and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg argue
28、in “Redefining Health Care“ that competition, if properly applied, can also fix what ails this sector.That is a bold claim, given the horrible state of Americas health-care system. Just consider a few of its failings: America pays more per capita for health care than most countries, but it still has
29、 some 45m citizens with no health insurance at all. While a few receive outstanding treatment, the authors show in heart-wrenching detail that most do not. The authors conclude that it is “on a dangerous path, with a toxic combination of high costs, uneven quality, frequent errors and limited access
30、 to care“.The authors offer a mix of solutions to fix this mess, and thereby to put the sector on a genuinely competitive footing. First comes the seemingly obvious(but as yet unrealised)goal of data transparency. Second is a redirection of competition from the level of health plans, doctors, clinic
31、s and hospitals, to competition “at the level of medical conditions, which is all but absent“. The authors argue that the right measure of “value“ for the health sector should be how well a patient with a given health condition fares over the entire cycle of treatment, and what the cost is for that
32、entire cycle. If there is a failing in this book, it is that the authors sometimes stray toward naive optimism. They argue, for example, that their solutions are so commonsensical that private actors in the health system could forge ahead with them profitably without waiting for the government to fi
33、x its policy mistakes. That is a tempting notion, but it falls into a trap that economists call the fallacy of the $ 20 bill on the street. If there really were easy money on the pavement, goes the argument, surely previous passers-by would have bent over and picked it up by now?In the same vein, if
34、 Mr. Porters prescriptions are so sensible that companies can make money even now in the absence of government policy changes, why in the world have they not done so already? One reason may be that they can make more money in the current sub-optimal equilibrium than in a perfectly competitive market
35、which is why government action is probably needed to sweep aside the many obstacles in the way of this books powerful vision. In the end, though, that is small criticism of a very big book.11 Mr. Porter is famous chiefly for_.（A）his popular book “Redefining Health Care“（B） his being a professor at H
36、arvard Business School（C） his being one of the worlds most respected business thinkers（D）his marvelous contribution to theories of competitive advantage12 The author argues that_.（A）Americas health-care system leaves nothing to be desired（B） it is no easy task to improve Americas healthcare system（C
37、） competition can help improve Americas health-care system（D）Americans enjoy one of the best health-care systems in the world13 It is implied in the text that_.（A）competition may help improve medical conditions（B） Americas health-care system is under severe competition（C） there is too much competiti
38、on among doctors and hospitals（D）few patients in America fare well under current health conditions14 In the authors opinion, the book cannot be considered perfect in that_.（A）optimistic thinking often leads to imprudent judgement（B） companies may make less money in a competitive market（C） the soluti
39、ons given are too commonsensical to be applicable（D）the authors of the book have fallen victim to an economic fallacy15 The author takes a_attitude toward the book “Redefining Health Care“.（A）critical（B） positive（C） suspicious（D）contemptuous15 While it is important that you be a caring, responsible,
40、 likable person, not many people are going to notice that about you when meeting you. Unfortunately, humans are very visually oriented and what we see of people leaves a lasting impression. When we go into a restaurant we dont care if our chef donates to Toys for Tots, but we care that he is clean,
41、dressed well, and professional looking. When shopping for a new dress we are more likely to ask for help from the well dressed, attractive employee than the girl who showed up to work looking as if she slept in her clothes and has never brushed her hair. In our personal lives the importance of appea
42、rance is much the same. Its a cruel fact of life, but people who are sloppy, dirty and poorly groomed dont get dates. Most of us are “instinctively“ attracted to good looking, well dressed people. When marriages were arranged by family this wasnt such an issue, but today it most certainly is. No one
43、 wants to date the guy who doesnt shower or the girl who wears clothing three sizes too small.Even in the workplace appearance is seen as an indicator of ability. A job applicant with a masters degree isnt likely to be hired if s/he is missing teeth, no matter how qualified they are. Very few people
44、 would choose a surgeon who has dirt under their fingernails. A stylist with a lousy hair style isnt likely to have very many clients.Unfortunately, appearance is even important to children. Many small children, especially, can take an instant dislike to someone based solely on what they look like.
45、As children get older appearance becomes an integral part in who is popular and who isnt. The child who doesnt have designer clothing is more likely to be left out of things than the child who wears all of the right brands. With teenagers attractiveness seems to denote popularity more than anywhere
46、else. Teens dont care if the overweight girl is a math genius who has a way with animals, they dont care if the geeky boy writes the most beautiful poetry ever read, they just care what s/he looks like. Right or wrong, in our society appearance is just too important to be ignored. While personality
47、is a better indicator of a persons value in the long run, when it comes to first impressions what we look like will always win out over who we are.16 The author thinks that people generally consider it of first importance_.（A）to have a pleasing personality（B） to have an attractive looking（C） to be t
48、houghtful and reliable（D）to have a gentle disposition17 According to the text, most people_.（A）pay tribute to the service of smart workers（B） admire the popularity of good-looking girls（C） appreciate the chef with professional looking（D）like to have contact with charming employees18 In the authors o
49、pinion, it is a painful fact that_.（A）sloppy, and poorly groomed people are common（B） some girls wear clothes with inappropriate sizes（C） whether one is attractive extremely affects his life（D）workers with casual clothes are plainly unwelcome19 That the outward aspect of a person means a lot to children is manifested in that_.（A）they instantly dislike the person they first meet（B） teenagers can tell popularity from unpopularity（C） most teens wear clothes with
