1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 474 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 AI just dont know how to motivate them to do a better job. Were in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we 11 probably have to lay some people off in the near future. Its hard for me to make the job interestin
2、g and challenging because it isntits boring, routine paperwork, and there isn t much you can do about it. BFinally, I can t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely
3、 to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out our forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed. CI ve got a re
4、al problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helpin
5、g people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies. DSome people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know thats not fairtoo many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good pap
6、erwork doesnt necessarily mean youll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff. E
7、The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambi
8、guous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor. FSo I just don t know what to do. I ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this sem
9、inar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work. GA large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and / or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discuss
10、ed was motivationhow we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion. Order: 5 Have you ever considered what makes a good boss good? The answer to that question is admittedly mercurial, as one persons view of a top-
11、notch employer will differ from somebody elses. However, there are a number of traits, attitudes and abilities that are common to all good bosses. Moreover, the need for solid leadership skills is especially telling with smaller businesses.“Being a good boss is important in any organization, but its
12、 particularly important for small business,“ says Rob Sheehan, director of executive education at the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership at the University of Maryland. “With smaller businesses, you really have the opportunity to set the tone for the entire company.“Bearing in mind the impor
13、tance of good leadership to business, consider the following lineup of skills, strategies and attributes:(1)Be inclusive:With a smaller operation, its essential that everyone feels like an equal and involved part of the team. A good employer is certain to treat each employee fairly, not only in term
14、s of salary and other forms of compensation, but also in how that employee is involved in the daily function of the business. Encourage feedback, innovation and creativity so employees feel genuinely engaged.(2)Mission, not just money:Very few businesses operate out of sheer altruism, but that s not
15、 to say that turning a profit is the primary philosophical and practical focus. Rather, an effective boss establishes a genuine business mission. How that takes shape depends both on the business and on the overriding focus the boss wants to set.(3)Nothing to fear but fear itself;Many of us have had
16、 bosses who would be right at home with a knife next to their desk calendars. Make one mistake on the job and feel free to slip your head right in beneath the blade. Conversely, an effective boss encourages his or her employees not to be gun shy about occasional chaos along the road toward better jo
17、b performance.(4)It s their careers, too:Dont forget that the people who work for you are looking to you to help them navigate and advance their careers. As I said, its not all about money. But it is all about making your employees see how to improve and create meaningful careers for themselves.(5)M
18、ade, not necessarily born:One final aspect of being a good boss is recognizing that much of what goes into being an effective leader is, in fact, learned behavior. Of course, there always have been and will be bosses who seem to have a flawless touch in leading and motivating. But for every natural,
19、 there are just as many top -flight bosses who got that way by attending management classes and seminars, reading books on effective leadership and, just as important, understanding that a good employer naturally attracts first -rate employees.A“It s important to use that different perspective to ed
20、ucate and encourage. But it s also important, like a good coach, to lead your team by example. For instance, while you should point out mistakes by your employees, be sure to admit when you yourself make a mistake,“ says Sheehan.B“You need to create an environment of integrity, trust and respect to
21、make absolutely certain that everyone is treated fairly, regardless of the differences they may have,“ says Sheehan.C“People can definitely develop good leadership capabilities, “ says Sheehan. “To a certain degree, we all have innate traits that make us good bosses. All you really have to do is wor
22、k to develop those traits to their utmost.“DIf an employee has a goal of becoming a manager or running his or her own business someday, nurture that goal. Tell them the traits they need to work on to achieve their ultimate plans.EFor instance, a restaurant owner may push speedy lunchtime service as
23、a way of serving the time-strapped business community. By contrast, a medical supply outfit may emphasize how its products improve customers health. Not only can a clear mission(responsibility)serve to motivate employees, it can also infuse a sense of importance in their jobs.F“This requires a menta
24、lity that encourages learning rather than being afraid of making a mistake. Try something new and different, but know we re not going to kill each other if things don t work out,“ says Sheehan. “I was a swimmer in college and I swam fast when I imagined a shark was after me. 1 swam just as fast when
25、 I imagined I was in the Olympics. Its a question of what you want to focus on.“10 Today, some 30% of small business owners dont have a Web presence at all, while the vast majority who do are watching their sites sit stale, waiting and wanting for business. Where did things go wrong? There are commo
26、n principles followed by those whose dreams of online success have become reality.(1)Build your site around your customer:Thinking of your site as your online storefront, built around delivering the highest-quality customer experience from the moment your customer steps through the “door“.(2)Just be
27、cause you built it doesn t mean they 11 come:If you aren t seeing a large volume of targeted traffic to your site, it s time to up the ante.(3)Integrate customer loyalty programs and promotions:Methods contain discounts, news, or friendly service reminders. Use discount promotional offers to stay in
28、 touch with past visitors to your site.(4)Justify your monthly spending through product bundling:While pay-per-click Internet advertising is much more cost-effective than traditional media channels, bundling products together will not only increase your sales revenue, but also enable you to get more
29、 out of your per-click ad rates.(5)Measure your progress:Your site may be live, but how is it performing?Armed with these simple lessons, vow to make your business realize the true promise of the Internet.AA manufacturing company selling $50 items was having trouble justifying the cost of online key
30、word ads. By bundling products to create packages of $100 or more and advertising to wholesale customers looking to buy in bulk, the manufacturer dropped its sales representative agencies and focused on large-volume buyers, such as Wal-Mart and Target. Needless to say, the company had no trouble exc
31、eeding its yearly sales quota.BOne of my past clients had a well-designed physical storefront, solid prices, and quality offerings. However, he wasnt able to drive enough store traffic despite targeted advertising efforts in print publications and other offline venues. We decided to shift those ad d
32、ollars to an online pay-per-click campaignin which the advertiser pays whenever someone clicks on its entry posted during the course of a site search based on keywords relevant to his business. The immediate impact was staggering. Online revenue soared tenfold to $1 million from $100,000 within only
33、 a few months.CWith todays technology, your return can be easily measured. If you rely on your Web site as a sales tool, you cant afford not to invest in site analytics. Make sure your Web solution includes an easy-to-use reporting tool that presents this information in a clear, concise format. Afte
34、r all, while metrics are a critical part of the Web equation, you dont have the time to spend hours digging through reams of data.DYears ago, I worked with a woman who sold purses online through a home-built site that lacked critical e -commerce components. After a simple redesign including product
35、descriptions, comprehensive navigation, and a secure, user-friendly ordering system, her revenue increased fivefold. And she began receiving rave reviews from customers impressed with the ease and convenience of the online shopping experience.EOnline success demands more than simple presence. Your I
36、nternet investment should pay for itself with new customers and increased sales. Find a trusted partner who can help you navigate today s(and tomorrows)technology and who understands the bottom-line realities of your business.FOne villa rental company had a Web site that generated very few calls and
37、 online bookings. I helped the company set up a “last minute deals“ distribution list. By subscribing, site visitors would receive weekly e-mails offering 11th-hour discounts on villa rentals. As a result, the company captured contact information for thousands of possible customers, reduced its unus
38、ed inventory to almost zero, and increased revenue significantly.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 474 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 首先要浏览选项，概括大意。A：要像一个教练一样教育你的员工，举出实例来说服他。B： 要确保每一位员工都得到公正的待遇。C ：我们
39、都有成为好老板的内在品质，关键是要将它们发 挥到极致。D ：帮助员工实现他们自己的事业目标。E ：明确的职责有利于激发员工的积极性。F ： 要鼓励进步而非恐惧犯错。此处的标题是“Be inclusive”，显然，仅从标题无法判断出作者究竟要 表达什么含义。因此，需要继续阅读下文的论述部分。第四段的首句是主题句：老板要让每个员 工都觉得自己是团队平等而投入的成员，后面部分具体说明方式是什么。其中treat each em ployee fairly 和 B 项中的 everyone is treated fairly 相呼应。因此 B项正是让员工平等而投入的方 式。从而可知 inclusive
40、在这指的是(心胸)包容而广阔。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 此处标题是“使命而非金钱”。第五段首句就 money 展开论述，指出：企业的首要目标不 是赚钱。接下来的两句话则就 mission 展开论述，指出：企业使命的形成也取决于老板设定的 最重要的目标。至此，本段主要强调了 mission的重要性，但没有具体说明它指的是什么。E 项 以餐饮和医疗器材为例说明了不同企业的不同使命，为正确选项。其中 responsibility 是 mission 的近义词。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 此处标题中的关键词是 fear。第六段先将两种老板进行了比较，一
41、种老板不允许员工犯 错，另一种鼓励员工不要害怕犯错。F 项出现了 being afraid of 的同义表达，该项中席翰以游泳为 例说明，不要让恐惧而要让鼓励来敦促人前进。这个内容显然和前面提到的两类老板的内容相 吻合。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 此处标题是“这也是他们的事业”，联系全文主旨可知代词 their 指的是“员工的”，careers 是这个标题中的关键词。第七段对标题内容进行了阐释：要帮助员工明白如何为自己改善和创 造有意义的事业。D 项以一名员工为例，说明老板应该帮助员工实现他们的目标，其中 a goal of becoming a manager or
42、running his or her own business 与 careers 呼应。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 此处标题是“后天的，不一定是天生的”。第八段首句对 made 一词进行了阐释：成为一位 好的领导者是一种后天学习的行为(learned behavior) 。接下来该段又列举了多种后天学习的方 法：参加课程和研讨会，阅读书籍等。C 项中席翰的一番话是对标题内容的论述：我们都有成为 好老板的内在品质，关键是要(后天 )挖掘它。其中 innate traits 与标题中的 born 相对应。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 D【试题解
43、析】 浏览全文不难发现，五个概括句都是对几条商务原则的简要概述。然后概括各选项大意， A：一个制造公司通过搁绑销售和将网上广告销售对象确定为批发商，从而提高了销售额。B：我 的一个客户虽然拥有各种优势条件，却仍不能招徕大量顾客，因此我帮他将网下广告的经费转 移到网络销售上，结果，公司收入暴涨。C：如果依赖网站作为销售工具，就必须进行网站分析，因 此确保你的网站建设方案中有一套方便使用的报告工具。D：通过给一位女士的网上钱包销售中 增加关键的电子商务元素，使她的收入大幅增加，她也因给顾客带来舒适便捷的购物体验而受 到好评。E：仅有网络还不能保证在线销售的成功。还应找到一位合伙人，帮助你驾驭技术并
44、了解 你生意的底线。F：通过帮助一家别墅租赁公司建立“最后时限打折”分配表，使它赢得了潜在客 户，使空房率几乎为零，从而增加了收入。此处概括句是“以客户为中心建立网站”。接下来的论 述是对这一概括句的解释：应该把网站看作是在线的店面，从顾客踏入店门的那一刻起就传递 给他们一种最优质的顾客体验。而 D 项中明确指出，该女士的在线销售因给顾客带来舒适便捷 的购物体验而受到好评，因此与概括句照应。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 此处概括句是“你仅仅是建立了它，并不意味着顾客就会光临”。下面作者只给出了一句话 作为说明，即如果你没有看到大量的顾客光临你的网站，就是时候提高赌注了。
45、考生应该抓住这 一句的关键部分：提高赌注。从常识上讲，“下赌注”一般意味着做出某种新的尝试或者改变。而 前半句提到的“没有大量顾客光临你的网站”是促使你做出这种尝试或改变的原因。阅读选项， 内容和逻辑上衔接最贴切的是 B 项，其中 enough store traffic 和原文中的 a large volume of targeted traffic 相呼应，该项提到的“将网下广告的经费转移到网络销售上”则是新的大胆尝试。 因此确定 B 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 此处概括句是“将顾客忠诚计划和促销手段结合在一起”。在下文的论述中，作者给出了实 施这一
46、原则和建议的具体方法：包括打折、新闻和友好的提醒性服务。通过提供打折的促销活动 来与网站的访问者保持联系。因此，接下来论述的内容至少应该与顾客忠诚或促销有关，甚至可 能继续论述打折的销售手段。在剩余的几个选项中，F 项直接出现了 discount(折扣)一词，即提供 别墅租赁折扣，此外该项中的 contact information for thousands of possible customers 与原文中的 stay in touch with past visitors to your site 相呼应。所以 F 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 此
47、处概括句是“通过产品捆绑销售来证明你每月开销的必要性”。该概括句将销售方式确 定为捆绑销售。接下来的内容则指出这种方法不仅可以增加销售收入，还可以使你从网络点击 销售中受益更多。由此，可预测接下来的内容也应围绕“捆绑销售”展开论述。A 项中出现了 bundling 一词，以一个制造公司为例，论证这种销售方式使销售额得到了提高。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 此处概括句是“估计你的进展”。接下来的论述中，作者提出“也许你的网站仍在运行之 中，但具体运转如何”的疑问。因此可以推断下文要论述的是如何估计网站的运转状况。大部分 备选项的内容都是关于如何通过在线销售改善销售状况，只有 C 项和 E 项是关于网站如何更好 地运行的建议。两个选项皆为说理论证。表面上看它们都是在讲网站运转，但是 E 项主要论述了 保证在线销售成功除网络以外的因素，如：合伙人。而 C 项则围绕网站分析、网站建设展开论述，因此 C 项是正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读
