1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 476 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 ACreate a new image of yourselfBHave confidence in yourselfCDecide if the time is rightDUnderstand the contextEWork with professionalsFMake it efficientGKnow your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has
2、an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today s workplace and the “dress for success“
3、 era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like Linkedln. Chances are, your headshots are see
4、n much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennial, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what s the best way to p
5、ull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:【C1 】_As an executive coach, I ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environme nts. If youre in a period of change or just feeling
6、 stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If youre not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there s no need for an upgrade and that s OK.【C2 】_Get clear on what impact you re hoping to have. Are you lo
7、oking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look m
8、ore “SoHo.“(Its OK to use characterizations like that.)【C3 】_Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you under
9、stand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.【C4 】_Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a profes
10、sional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It s not as expensive as you might think.【C5 】_The point of a style upgrade isnt to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a
11、few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time1 【C1 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】5 AAnalyzing your own tasteBBeing cautious when experimentingCFinding a model to followDGetting the final look absolutely rightELearning to be
12、 realisticFMaking regular conscious choicesGHow to judge peopleWhen we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it s something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel goo
13、d, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, its whats inside thats important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough
14、 time thinking about how others see us.【C1 】_For example, people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else theyve seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what
15、you see. There is no need to dwell on your faultswe all have good points and bad pointsbut think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones.【C2 】_When selecting your clothes each day, think about who you re likely to meet, when youre going to be spending most of your time and what tasks y
16、ou are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, theres no need to abandon your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody elses idea of what looks good, you m
17、ay end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself.【C3 】_But to know your own mind, you have to get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favorite items that you wear a lotmost people wear 20 percent of their wardrobe 80 percent of the time. Look at these clo
18、thes and ask yourself what they have in common. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don t wear and ask yourself why. Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a common theme?【C4 】_Some
19、colors bring your natural coloring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new colors by all means, but remember that dressing in bright color when you really like subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down whe
20、re your own taste boundaries lie. And although its good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades, take care not to go too far all at once.【C5 】_So, youve chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your coloring. But does it fit? If something is too
21、 tight or too loose, you won t achieve the desired effect, and no matter what other qualities it has, it won t improve your appearance or your confidence. Sometimes, we buy things without thinking. Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see, or prefer to use mail-order or the Int
22、ernet. In all cases, if it doesn t fit perfectly, dont buy it, because the finer details are just as important as the overall style.Reappraising your image isn t selfish because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit. You 11 look better and you 11 feel a better person all round. And i
23、f in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian s book Silent Messages to remind yourself how important outward appearances are. His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 percent on how we look and behave, 38 percent on how we speak and only 7 percent on what w
24、e actually say. So, whatever stage you are at in your life, whatever role you play, isn t it time you made the most of yourself?6 【C1 】7 【C2 】8 【C3 】9 【C4 】10 【C5 】10 ABreaking all constraintsBTimeline to executionCThe purpose of the decisionDKnown unknowns and unknown unknownsEWrong is never perman
25、entFResource accessibilityGPlaying to self-interestLeadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, complete awareness of the problem set, and a willingness to “move the needle“ when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentiall
26、y long-lasting and profound impacts.Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision:【C1 】_In the military, there was(and still is)a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what
27、would serve the individual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link in the organization al chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and thats not what a team or an organization is about.【C2 】_Well, “never“ is a strong word, but you get the idea.
28、I ve said before that failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how that particular problem is perceived. The higher one ascends within an organization. For example, the same problem that appears tricky at one level may not necessarily be the right one to solve f
29、or at another. Seek as many viewpoints as you can to enhance your understanding of the situation.【C3 】_There are internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline. Internal influences refer to the competency of you and your team to execute the decision i
30、n the given time, whereas external influences signify the driving forces that impact the deadline that you have no control over, such as weather, the economy or market demand.You want to ask yourself two questions. First, “Is now the right time to decide?“ If the answer is yes, then your next questi
31、on is, “Am I capable of executing the decision?“ If the answer is no then ask “why?“【C4 】_These are the constraints surrounding the execution of your decisions.A known unknown is when you realize a specific intangible exists but cant quantify how much, such as traffic. For instance, youre aware that
32、 rush hour in Los Angeles never really has an end point, so it could take you from 20 minutes to two hours to travel from A to B. The point is, you know that uncertainty exists but dont know how much. Unknown unknowns are when Murphy likes to throw another wrench in the mix that you simply cant plan
33、 for, such as a vehicle accident or engine breakdown.Try to identify all constraints as best you can so you know how to align them towards the purpose of your decision.【C5 】_If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it
34、, so be sure to identify not only the primary resources available but also secondary ones, too. Every decision should have a contingency plan for when those unknown unknowns arise and deem your primary course of action obsolete.Decision-making can paralyze you if youre not prepared. Tackle your next
35、 major dilemma using the aforementioned considerations and feel better about the decisions you come to.11 【C1 】12 【C2 】13 【C3 】14 【C4 】15 【C5 】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 476 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 该段中出现了表示时间的词汇和短语：during transitions ，in a period of，a good time，表示形 象升级得看时机是否恰当。浏览小标题发现，只有
36、选项 C 出现了表示时间的词汇。再次回看原文， 本段第二句中的 good 与小标题中的 right 也恰好对应，故选 C 项。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 该段首句 Get clear on what impact youre hoping to have 提到“弄清楚你希望产生什么影响”， 然后以问句形式提出段落主题，接着分两个方面来阐述，目标不同，做法也不同。本段第一句话 中的 get clear 与小标题中的 know 属于同义表达，并且本段第三句话中 the goal 与小标题中的 goal 完全对应，因此正确答案为 G 项。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 D
37、【试题解析】 该段第一句话提到“要像人类学家一样来考虑你的工作环境”，接着给出了几个排比的 问句，都是针对工作环境的具体细节的发问。最重要的是在结尾部分，作者总结评论道，The better you，the more control you，意为“你越了解文化背景，越就控制对你的影响力”。很明显， 这句话凸显了 context 的重要性。因此，答案选 D 项。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本段在首句给出两个关键词 professionals 和 share with，即“寻求专业人士的支持，并把 你的目标和环境告诉他们”。下文是举例论述，例如去找发型设计师而不是理发师等。
38、紧接着下 文就给出 work with a professional photographer 让专业摄影师而不是你的配偶或朋友为你拍照。 因此本段是围绕professionals 的重要性来展开的。故选 E 项。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 该段落主题句出现在转折句 Instead，use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue之后， 其中 it 指代上一句中的 style upgrade。通过前后两句话对比，指出其目的是利用 style upgrade 来 reduce decision fatigue(减少决策
39、疲劳)，从而提升效率。后两句话作为论据进一步论证这一观点， 因此答案选 F 项。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 首先浏览全文，把握文章大意。通过对该文章首尾两段的阅读，可以得知这篇文章主要论 述的是个人着装问题。其次浏览选项，确定选项的主要内容和意思。A：分析个人品味，B：小心翼 翼地尝试， C：找一个模仿的榜样，D：让最终的形象完美无缺，E：学会现实，F：经常做有意识的选 择，G ：怎样评价他人。然后阅读本题所在段落。在本段中，作者举例说明，我们每个人都有自己的 个性特点，所以没有必要去盲目地模仿他人。而且每个人都各有所长，各有所短，人不应该停留 在自己
40、的缺点上，而应该充分展示自己的优点。从这番评述中可以看出，作者建议我们对自身保 持一个客观的态度，也就是现实的态度，而不要盲从。因此 E 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本段的第一句话提到，每天选择衣服时，都要考虑一下自己要和谁见面，出现在何种场合， 面对的是什么样的任务。这也就说明：选择衣服不是一件马马虎虎、随意而为之的事情，而需要 认真选择，不要完全放弃自己的个人品位。F 项中，作者建议我们，经常做有意识的选择，正是说 的这个意思。其中regular 和 each day 相照应。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 在本段的开始作者提出一种观点，
41、即要想了解你自己的想法，必须先认识你自己。作者大 段的论述后，概括起来就是：你最喜欢什么样的衣服，最不喜欢什么样的衣服，即个人喜好问题， 而事实上，所谓的个人喜好就是个人品位。因此 A 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 上一段作者就个人品位问题作了一番论述，并关于如何发现个人品位给了一些建议。在个 人品位已经确定的基础上，接下来的事情就是挑选和尝试了。与上面提到段落不同的是本段的 段落主旨句不在句首而在句尾。作者以颜色为例告诉读者，虽然尝试一些新的东西是件不错的 事情，但应该注意不要走极端。细心的考生在本段可以发现一个同义词组 try out 和 challenge，
42、前 者是尝试的意思，一般指尝试某种新事物，后者为挑战的意思，也可用于指对未知的事物做出的 尝试。而且这两个词与 B 项中的 experiment 意思相近，experiment 一种解释为“试验”，另一种解 释就是“尝试”。在本段最后一句话中，还出现了 take care 一词，与 B 项中的 cautious 相呼应。因 此 B 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本段段首词 so 起到了承上启下的作用。前面几段中作者提到了如何挑选衣服，如何确定 自己的品位，如何谨慎地去尝试。在这一段落的开始，作者指出：现在你已经挑选了从个性、外 形、颜色上来说都很适合你的衣
43、服，需要注意的是之后提出的问题 But does it fit?(但它适合你 吗)。接着作者指出：事实上，如果一件衣服不是完全合适的话，就不应该购买。然后再看文章的 最后一段，作者开始泛谈个人形象以及再评价它的重要性，已经不再具体谈如何着装，由此可以 推知，此处内容应该是关于如何着装、如何购买服装的最后建议，因此可确定 D项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本段第一句出现了 upon which decisions are based，最后一句Playing to self-interest serves little purpose，and
44、thats not what a team or an organization is about由此推断出本段中心与 deci sion 和 purpose 有关，与此呼应的只有 C 项 The purpose of the decision(决策的目的)。干扰项为 G 项 Playing to self-interest(为利己主义服务)，原文说 Playing to self-interest serves little purpose， 这恰恰是原文要杜绝的问题。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本段开头 Well，“never”is a strong word，b
45、ut you get the idea 与此呼应的只有 E 项 Wrong is never permanent(错误绝非永恒不变)。本段主要讲要换个角度看问题。故 E 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本段开头 There are internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline后面又出现了 given time，deadline等词，与此呼应的只有 B 项 Timeline to execution(执行的时间表)。
46、【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题后面的段落中出现了 A known unknown isUnknown unknowns are，与此呼应的 是 D 项 Known unknowns and unknown unknowns(已知的未知和未知的未知)。干扰项为 A 项 Breaking all constraints(打破所有限制)。虽然下面紧接的段落有 constraints，但本题所在的第三 段说 Try to identify all constraints，原文并没有提到要 break all constraints，故不选。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本题所在的第一段提到了 The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it后面又反复出现 primary resources，secondary ones，可见本段中心和资源有关，故 F 项 Resource accessibility(资源的可用性) 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读
