1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 53 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable i
2、mage. (41)_Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to tip management. This organ
3、izational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. (42)_Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image, this influence generally may be less than that pr
4、ovided by the other components of the public image mix.(43)_Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. (44)_The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public r
5、elations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. (45)_Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising. Publ
6、ic relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.A Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favor
7、able overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.B Furthermore, not all publicity is initiated by the firm; some can result form an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.C Publicity then i
8、s part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, usually in the form of press releases or press conferences.D Many factors impact on the public image.E It surely causes heavy losses to the company.F Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences.G The public relations, in
9、 fact, is developing some new relative concept in the past few years.5 According to a leading German banker, the U. S. dollar is “the most frequently discussed economic phenomenon of our times. “ He adds, “ . the dollars exchange rate is at present the most important price in the world economy. . .“
10、(41)_The central banks of many countries hold huge reserves of dollars, and over half of all world trade is priced in terms of dollars. Any shift in the dollars exchange rate will benefit some and hurt others. (42)_The dollars exchange rate has been too volatile and unpredictable. Several years ago
11、the dollar was rapidly declining in value. (43)_The rise in the price of foreign goods made it possible for U.S. businesses to raise the price of competing foods produced here, thus worsening inflation. Foreigners who dealt in dollars or who held dollars as reserves were hurt. People in the United S
12、tates who had borrowed foreign currencies found that they had to pay back more than they borrowed because the declining dollar would buy fewer units of the foreign money. (44)_The dollar went soaring upward, and the situation was reversed. United States exporters found it hard to sell abroad because
13、 foreigners would have to pay more for U. S.dollars. People in the United States now bought the relatively cheaper foreign goods, and U. S. manufacturers complained that they could not compete. Job losses were often blamed on the “overvalued“ dollar. Poor nations that had borrowed dollars found it d
14、ifficult to repay both the loans and the interest because they had to use more and more of their own currencies to obtain dollars. (45)_We might even return to the gold standard.Fixed exchange rates did not work in the past. Currency values should be determined by market conditions. A drop in the ex
15、change value of a nations currency means that it is importing too much, that it is too inefficient to compete in world markets, that it is permitting a high rate of inflation which makes its goods too expensive, that it is going too deeply in debt, or that others have lost confidence in the nations
16、stability. A nation should bring its exchange rate back up by addressing these problems, not by interfering with the money market.A The solution to this problem is to end the system of floating exchange rates and return to fixed rates.B Anyone who gets into the stock market can not gloss over the ri
17、sk brought by inflation.C The United States lost face in the eyes of the rest of the world.D Because the dollar acts as a world currency, its value affects many nations.E This made it difficult for Americans to purchase foreign goods and services.F Those who borrowed a lot of money from a bank suffe
18、red most.G Some people suggest therefore, that the dollars value should be more tightly controlled.10 A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. (41)_They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant
19、 professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.For example, if workers arrived at 6 a. m. , the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. (42)_“It just seems like a very good application for robots, “ Farritor said. “The robotic cones would also help remove
20、people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place, “ Farritor said in a report on his creation.(43)_This fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and b
21、arrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. “It would look exactly the same, “ Farritor said, “Normally theres a kind of rubbery, black base to them. (44)_“ Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots w
22、ould be most useful to what they might need.The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. “That way you dont have to block of a 10-mile
23、strip for the operation, “ Farritor said.While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next. (45)_He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may benefit
24、 from them.A And they can return to the original place at the end of the day.B He is thinking about starting a small business.C Farritor was “Inventor of the Year“ in 2003.D There is no doubt the robots have some certian advantages.E We replace that with a robot.F These robotic cones and barrels can
25、 move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away.G Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant.15 As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological tradi
26、tions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-A-vesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period. (41)_He argued that
27、 the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From t
28、he late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an In
29、do-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples. (42)_For example, an expression like “maiden dawn“ for “sunrise“ resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about
30、 her.Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past. (43)_ Si
31、milarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazers scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces (magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and
32、 finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science).The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smiths work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practi
33、ces of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance. (44)_This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radc1iffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual impli
34、es a myth.Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential corewhether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In th
35、e 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves. (45)_A German-born British scholar Max Muller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient Indiathe oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European languagereflected the earliest stages
36、 of an Indo-European mythology. Muller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.B The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was developed most fully by British scholar Jan Ellen Harr
37、ison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.C Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths -like dreamscondense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.D This
38、 approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages.E The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of Ger
39、man scholar Christian Gottlob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths (instead of fabula, meaning “fable“) to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.F German scholar Karl Otfried Muller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology , 1825.20 A The con
40、trol of the mixture is so perfect that wherever you go in the world where KFC is sold, the end result is exactly the same, a very tasty piece of chicken. Many have tried to emulate it and all have failed, although some have got pretty close. Even the fries are second to none.B Kentucky Fried Chicken
41、 is well known and loved around the world and it all began in 1952 when a 65-year-old gentleman, Colonel Sanders, used his Social Security cheque of just $ 105 to start the KFC franchising business that we know today. The Colonel only got $ 2m for his business in 1964. But in 1986 PepsiCo Inc bought
42、 the KFC franchise for a reported $ 840m.C But the Colonel, now in his mid sixties, knew that his recipe for Kentucky Fried Chicken was a winner so for the next twelve years Colonel Sanders travelled the country by car to restaurants to cook chicken in his special way and set up over 600 franchises
43、in the United States and Canada. And the rest as they say is history. In all those years he and his wife Claudia would mix the special recipe on the garage floor from the recipe that he carried in his head. Today that recipe is locked away in a safe in Lousiville, Kentucky and only a handful of peop
44、le know what that recipe is and they have signed a very strict confidentiality contract. The security would do justice to Fort Knox.D Some 6 billion (American) chicken pieces are sold worldwide each year, that is 736 million chickens. The USA consumes nearly as much KFC as the rest of the world put
45、together.E In actual fact it really all began before then. As Harland Sanders was six years old, he had been old head cook and bottle washer in the Sanders household, where by the age of seven he had mastered many local dishes. Between then and his fortieth birthday Harland worked in at least a doze
46、n different jobs and finally ran a service station in Corbin, Kentucky. It was here that he began to cater for the weary travellers by cooking them meals to be served on his own kitchen table in his own quarters. He and the establishment became famous for the tasty chicken pieces that were served. I
47、t took him nine years to perfect the now famous secret recipe and for his efforts he became a Kentucky Colonel. In 1935 in Kentucky, statesmen of note were afforded the rank of Colonel as recognition of their services to the state.F The building of an interstate highway in the 1950s would by-pass th
48、e town and that spelled the end of his business. After auctioning it off and paying his bills Harland was left with a Social Security cheque of just $ 105.G Sadly the Colonel is no longer with us but when you see a picture of the bespectacled, goatee bearded, white haired, rotund figure of the Colon
49、el, you cannot help but put your trust in his culinary skills and know that his meal made just for you, will be perfect.Order:考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 53 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章第一段给公关下定义，其中特别提到公关包括对外宣传。把C放在这里起承接上一段，引出下一段的作用。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 前一句说这种组织设置会成为一种限制，因为公关部门或顾问很可能和营销部门
