1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 88 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement, most companies only reimburse employees for classes that are relevant to their position. This is a v
2、ery limiting policy. A company that reimburses employees for all college credit courseswhether job related or notoffers a service not only to the employees, but also to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the companys dedicatio
3、n to its employees. In todays economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete investments in them. In turn, this dedication will creat
4、e greater employee loyalty. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee turnover, because even employees who dont take advantage of the tuition reimbursement program will be
5、more loyal to their company just knowing it cares enough to pay for their education.Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition reimbursement program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to anoth
6、er job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employee will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program, and throughout those years the employer will have a more sop
7、histicated, more intelligent, and, therefore, more valuable and productive employee.1 The author believes many companies attitudes towards tuition reimbursement are_.（A）negative（B） uninformed（C） too cautious（D）improving2 According to the text, unconditional tuition reimbursement is good for which of
8、 the following reasons?（A）Employees get a cheaper education.（B） Employees become more valuable.（C） Employees can find better jobs.（D）Employees are more likely to stay on the job once they get a degree.3 How, according to the text, will unconditional tuition reimbursement reduce employee turnover?（A）
9、By making employees more loyal.（B） By paying employees more money.（C） By promoting education.（D）By reducing stress and thus health problems.4 The author is of the opinion that those who worry about losing employees after they graduate are_.（A）uninformed of the fact that they rarely do（B） failing to
10、consider the possible benefits even if it does happen（C） not considering the ways that this can be prevented（D）worrying over nothing5 The best title for this text would be_.（A）The Advantages and Disadvantages of Tuition Reimbursement（B） Tuition Reimbursement Should Be Tried（C） Unconditional Tuition
11、Reimbursement Can Pay Off（D）Why Tuition Reimbursement Is Resisted5 Readers of a certain age can remember a time when a trip to McDonalds seemed like a treat and when a small bag of French fries, a plain burger and a 12-ounce Coke seemed like a full meal. Fast food wasnt any healthier back then; we s
12、imply ate a lot less of it. How did todays oversized appetites become the norm? It was largely the result of consumer manipulation.Fast foods marketing strategies succeed only when they induce a substantial number of us to overeat. Fast food restaurants, 20 years ago, figured out that they were sust
13、ained largely by a core group of “heavy users“, mostly young, single males, who ate at fast-food joints as often as 20 times a month. Soon the race was on to capture a bigger share of these customers by streamlining food production and lowering prices.It worked and if the marketing strategy had stop
14、ped there, we might not be the nation of fatties that we are today, but the imperatives of the marketplace are growth and rising profits, and once everybody had slashed prices to the bone, the franchises had to look for a new way to satisfy investors. And what they found was . super-sizing.Portion s
15、izes had already been creeping upward. As early as 1972, for example, McDonalds introduced its large-size fries. Heres how it works. Lets say a $1.25 bag of French fries costs $1 to produce. The potatoes, oil and salt account for only 20 cents of the cost. The other 80 cents goes toward all the othe
16、r expenses. If you add half again as many French fries to the bag and sell it for $1.50, the non-food expenses stay pretty much constant, while the extra food costs the franchise only 10 more pennies. The fast-food joint makes an extra 15 cents in pure profit, and the customer thinks hes getting a g
17、ood deal.6 What started the move towards supersizing in the fast food industry?（A）After inducing people to overeat.（B） The rise of the “heavy users“.（C） Studies identifying the heavy user.（D）When price slashing occurred.7 The term “heavy user“ used in the text refers mainly to_.（A）overweight eaters（
18、B） people who are willing to spend the most money on fast food（C） people who frequently ate at a fast food restaurant（D）people who would order larger orders at a time8 Supersizing was a response to_.（A）cost efficiencies which allowed it to be feasible（B） the situation where prices could not get lowe
19、r（C） better technology at streamlining production（D）demands by heavy users that portions get bigger9 According to the text, supersizing is popular among consumers because_.（A）they enjoy eating more（B） there is less packaging（C） it allows the fast food restaurant to make more profits（D）the added amou
20、nt seems like a bargain10 The writer is critical mainly because_.（A）he doesnt think we are really getting a cheaper deal（B） he thinks we are manipulated to eat more fast food（C） he thinks that the fast food restaurants shouldnt earn so much（D）he thinks the industry is deceiving the public about the
21、real costs of supersizing10 One important part of para-linguistics is accent, which describes those features of pronunciation that identify a person either geographically or socially. Each one of us speaks with an accent. It is not possible to do otherwise. Our accent quickly tells the listener wher
22、e we come from, for unless we make a conscious effort to use another accent, we speak with the accent of those with whom we grew up or presently live amongst.Some studies have focused on stereotyping as a source of this linguistic prejudice against nonstandard forms. The speech of ethnic groups seen
23、 as occupying a lower socio-economic position in American society was assessed by members of higher status groups using semantic differential scales. Not only were the assessments broadly negative but also the mere assignment of an ethnic label to a particular speaker was sufficient to trigger a ste
24、reotyped response. While speakers may vary in their own speech across dialect boundaries, often subconsciously, they were easily aware of slight differences in the speech of others. A form of linguistic prejudice emerges in that group may arbitrarily define their own speech as better than those of o
25、thers.Indeed, a deeper process is going on. Judgments about standards of speech, dialects, and accents might appear to revolve around notions of esthetics, or even pragmatics, but these are only symbolic representations. At a deeper level, they are not only markers of social identity but also the pr
26、ocess by which that identity is realized. Accents give us direct information about the speaker, even though the information we decipher is, not always accurate. Accents tend to reflect existing prejudices towards people we hear using them. All of us tend to judge each other in this way, whether it i
27、s a stereotypical responsepositive, negative or neutralto the place where we assume a person is from, or a value we hold based on our perception of that persons status in society.11 The author is convinced that accent is_.（A）something we are born with（B） something that cannot be changed by people ea
28、sily（C） something we cannot speak without unless we are acting（D）something we adopt from the current group with which we reside12 The studies in the text seem to indicate that people tend to_.（A）use accent as the main way to judge others（B） criticize those whose accents are different from their own（
29、C） think their own accent is superior and stereotype accents of others（D）have very little knowledge about what constitutes a standard accent13 According to the text, the process of linguistic prejudice is deeper than it seems because（A）accents may be viewed as forms of social identity（B） accents are
30、 key ways to indicate class and prosperity（C） accents are typically most distinct among minority groups（D）there is really no one accent that should be thought of as superior14 According to the text, peoples tendency to stereotype based on accent is_.（A）based on our experiences with certain groups（B）
31、 based on information about the persons origin（C） reflective of the prejudices we hold（D）based on the wrong interpretation of a persons identity15 The main idea of the text is that_.（A）accents are unfortunately often used to reinforce preexisting linguistic stereotypes（B） accents are used to identif
32、y the social background of a speaker（C） accents are generally used to form negative opinions of the speaker（D）we must stop discriminating against people due to accent15 Is using a cell phone aboard an airplane really dangerous? More and more airline companies are expanding in-flight Wi-Fi Internet s
33、ervice to their entire fleet. In-flight calls, however, are still prohibited. If one can surf the Web, why cant he use the cell?It operates on a totally different frequency. Cell phones transmit signals at roughly the same frequencies as aircraft communicationspilot radios and radar range from below
34、 100 to 2,000 MHz, and many phones operate at 850 MHz or 1,900 MHz. Your cell could thereforeat least theoreticallyinterfere with navigation. Wi-Fi, on the other hand, signals at a higher frequency anywhere from 2,500 to 5,000 MHzand thus wont get mixed up with the planes transmissions.In-flight Wi-
35、Fi works like a moving Starbucks hot spot. The plane is rigged with three antennae two on its belly and one on topthat receive signals from towers across the country. The frequency of those transmissions, 849 MHz, is within the range of airline communications. But they dont interfere with the planes
36、 navigation, since 849 MHz is a dedicated frequency that was auctioned off and bought in 2006 by Aircell, which services American, Delta, and Virgin.But are cell phones on planes really that dangerous, anyway? Studies analyzing the dangers of inflight cell-phone use suggest the risks are small but r
37、eal. In 2003, a study by IEEE Spectrum concluded that “continued use of portable RF-emitting devices such as cell phones will, in all likelihood, someday cause an accident by interfering with critical cockpit instruments such as GPS receivers.“ A study produced by the Radio Technical Commission for
38、Aeronautics in 2006 found that portable electronic devices can interfere with airplane communications and laid out testing guidelines for airlines to figure out which devices should be permitted.The rationale for switching off other portable electronic devices is slightly different. Even if a device
39、 doesnt transmit a signalthink iPods, Game Boys, “anything with an on-off switch“it still emits energy at a frequency that could, possibly, interfere with the planes electronics. The Federal Aviation Administration requires all such devices to be off during takeoff and landings, but youre allowed to
40、 turn them on once you reach a cruising altitudepresumably because any interference would be minimal and temporary. There are exceptions, though, for necessary devices like hearing aids and pacemakers.16 It is indicated in Paragraph 1 and 2 that_.（A）all airlines provide Wi-Fi Internet service（B） air
41、craft-communications frequency is higher than that of Wi-Fi（C） airlines provide Wi-Fi service selectively（D）not all mobile phones signal will interfere with navigation17 The frequency 849MHz doesnt interfere with the planes GPS system because_.（A）its out of the range of airline communications（B） its
42、 like a moving Starbucks hot spot（C） it was sold to a Wi-Fi service provider（D）its received by the antenna on top of a plane18 By mentioning the study of IEEE Spectrum, the author intends to_.（A）prove that the danger of using cell-phone on plane does exist（B） advocate that all airlines should provid
43、e Wi-Fi service（C） explain how cell-phone may endanger a flight（D）inform readers of which devices should be allowed to use on plane19 All of the following is prohibited during takeoff and landings except_.（A）electronic book（B） MP5（C） tablet computer（D）brain pacemaker20 Electronic devices are allowed
44、 to be turned on during flight probably because_.（A）they have no interference with planes communications（B） they are necessary devices to some passengers（C） the reason to switch them off is different from that of cell-phone（D）the interference they bring doesnt last long考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 88 答案与解析Part ADir
45、ections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属信息归纳题。文章开头指出：“尽管许多公司提供学费补偿，但是大部分只补偿员工与职位相关的学习。这是一个很有局限性的政策。”由此可知，许多公司对待学费补偿的态度过于谨慎。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。A、C 两项明显不符题意。文中第三段第一句提到，不附加条件的学费补偿可以使公司获得较高
46、素质的员工，故 B 项正确。D 项似是而非：原文说，员工得到学位后多半会留下来；而 D 项说，一旦员工得到学位，他们更有可能从事原来的工作，这种说法与原文信息有出人。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第二段最后指出，公司出资支付员工的教育费用，可以减少人员流动，因为这样做可以使员工更为忠诚。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。文章中最后谈到：“即使员工毕业就离开，一般也要几年时间才能完成学位课程，在此期间，雇主得到的是更为成熟老练、更有头脑，因而更为重要、更有实力的员工。”这表明，作者认为，担心雇员毕业后另谋高就的公司没有考虑到这一
47、有利的方面。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属主旨思想题。本文论述公司有必要不附加条件地补偿员工参加所有学习的学费，因此，文章题目可以是“不附加条件的学费补偿会有所回报”，故C 正确。文中讨论的是学费补偿是否该附加条件，而不是是否要进行学费补偿，故B 错误。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属信息归纳题。根据二、三两段信息，快餐业走向超大型号发端于最初他们意识到自己依赖于“大主顾”，而后进一步吸引主顾，降价，从而导致走向超大型号，可见 C 项为开端，而 D 项为中间阶段。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属概念理解题。可
48、以利用第二段 heavy users 之后的定语从句对其含义作出判断。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第三段末句指出：“一旦大家把价格降得低而又低，特许经销商就得另寻方法满足投资者。他们的对策是超大型号。”可见，超大型号是当价格降到最低时的一个对策。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属事实细节题。本文结尾指出，顾客认为购买超大型号得了便宜。由此可知，这是超大型号受到欢迎的原因。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属主旨思想题。文章开始介绍现在人们胃口这么大是因为采用消费操纵，后文提到具体操控办法：降价，加大型号。这正是作者对
49、快餐业持批评态度的原因。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题，是对第一段最后一句的同义反复。作者认为，我们开口必带口音，除非假装。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第二段末尾指出，人们会随心所欲地认为自己的话语优越于别人，并对他人的口音带有成见。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第三段第三句明确指出，在更深层次上，口音是社会身份的标志。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属信息归纳题。文章介绍人们对口音持有偏见的问题，显然，人们对口音的成见反映出我们的偏见。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属主旨思想题。文章主题为口音偏见。A 项讲到：“不幸的是，口音经常被用于加强业已存在的语言成见。”A 项较为全面地概括出文章主旨。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属信息推断题。选项 A 犯了夸大其词的错误，文章第一段第二句提到，越来越多
