1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 13 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Translate the following into ChineseI have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effect to understand their meaning. You have only to go to the great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle r
2、eflections. You may find it difficult to understand the thought of Hume, and if you have no philosophical training its implications will doubtless escape you: but no one with any education at all can fail to understand exactly what the meaning of each sentence is. Few people have written English wit
3、h more grace than Berkeley. There are two sorts of obscurity that you find in writers. One is due to negligence and the other to willfulness. People often write obscurely because they have never taken the trouble to learn to write clearly. This sort of obscurity you find too often in modern philosop
4、hers, in men of science, and even in literary critics. Here it is indeed strange. You would have thought that men who passed their lives in the study of the great masters of literature would be sufficiently sensitive to the beauty of language to write if not beautifully at least with perspicuity. Ye
5、t you will find in their works sentence after sentence that you must read twice to discover the sense. Often you can only guess at it, for the writers have evidently not said what they intended.2 Put the following passage into Chinese(上海海事大学 2009 研(B 卷)，考试科目：英汉互译)Biogas: a Solution to Many ProblemsI
6、n almost all developing countries, the lack of adequate supplies of cheap, convenient and reliable fuel is a major problem. Rural communities depend largely on kerosene, wood and dung for their cooking and lighting needs. But kerosene is now priced out of reach of many people, and wood, except in he
7、avily forested areas, is in short supply. The search for firewood occupies a large part of the working day and has resulted in widespread deforestation.Dung is in constant supply wherever there are farm animals and, when dried, it is convenient to store and use. But burning dung destroys its value a
8、s fertilizer, thus depriving the soil of a much needed source of humus and nitrogen.Rural areas of developing countries are also plagued by a lack of adequate sanitation. Improper waste disposal spreads disease, contaminates water sources and provides breeding grounds for disease-carrying insects.Th
9、e problems of improving environmental hygiene, conserving resources and finding alternative sources of fuel may be unrelated. Their solutions, however, are not, as many countries experimenting with biogas technology are discovering. Biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, is produced by the
10、 fermentation of organic matter. The process of anaerobic fermentation is a natural one, occurring whenever living matter decomposes. By containing the matterand the processin a digester or biogas plant, the combustible gas can be trapped and used as fuel for household lighting and cooking. The dige
11、sted slurry that remains can be used on the land as a soil conditioner and fertilizer.Biogas plants have attracted much interest in recent years and they are in use in several Asian countries:36, 000 are reported in rural areas of India, 27, 000 in Korea and more than 80, 000 in China. In most count
12、ries the value of the gas has been the prime factor leading to their adoption:70 percent of India s plants, for instance, were built during the energy and fertilizer crisis of 1975-1976although their use in that country dates back to 1951. Similarly in Thailand and Korea, biogas is being investigate
13、d as an alternative to costly charcoal and to save compost materials from being burned.In Japan and China, reducing pollution from animal wastes has been an important factor. Privies, hen houses and pigpens are built in proximity to the fermentation chamber in China. Examinations of the digested slu
14、rry have shown that the total number of parasite eggs was reduced by 93. 6 percent, hookworms by 99 percent and no schistosome flukes were found. The greatest benefits from biogas systems, however, are probably to be derived from the manorial value of the slurry, although it is not widely used outsi
15、de of India and China. Vegetable farmers near Calcutta found that the digested slurry produced bigger and better tasting peas than did other fertilizers and the weight of root vegetables increased by nearly 300 percent.3 Turn the following parts into Chinese(上海海事大学 2009 研(A 卷)，考试科目：综合英语)Yet before t
16、he floating impress of the woods could clear itself, suddenly the gladsome light leaped over hill and valley, casting amber, blue, and purple, and a tint of rich red rose, according to the scene they lit on, and the curtain flung around: yet all alike dispelling rear and the cloven hoof of darkness,
17、 all on the wings of hope advancing. Then life and joy sprang reassured from every crouching hollow: every flower and bud and bird a fluttering sense of them.4 Sometimes there are ten, even twenty different ways to go, all but one bound to be wrong, and the richness of selection in such situation ca
18、n lift us onto totally new ground. This process is called exploration and is based on human fallibility. If we had only a single center in our brains, capable of responding only when a correct decision was to be made, instead of the jumble of different, credulous, easily conned clusters of neurons t
19、hat provide for being flung off into blind alleys, up tress, down dead end, out into blue sky, along wrong turning, around bends, we could only stay the way we are today, stuck fast.5 ENGLISH TO CHINESE( 上海财经大学 2007 研，考试科目：基础英语)In the third place, property makes its owner feel that he ought to do so
20、mething to it. Yet he isnt sure what. A restlessness comes over him, a vague sense that he had a personality to expressthe same sense which, without any vagueness, leads the artist to an act of creation. Sometimes I think I will cut down such trees as remain in the wood, at other times I want to fil
21、l up the gaps between them with new trees. Both impulses are pretentious and empty. They are not honest movements towards moneymaking or beauty. They spring from a foolish desire to express myself and from an inability to enjoy what I have got. Creation, property, enjoyment form a sinister trinity i
22、n the human mind. Creation and enjoyment are both very, very good, yet they are often unattainable without a material basis, and at such moments property pushes itself in as a substitute, saying. “ Accept me insteadIm good enough for all three. “ It is not enough.6 Translate the following into Chine
23、se(南开大学 2012 研，考试科目：专业英语)From science, modestly pursued, with a due consciousness of the extreme finitude of our intellectual powers, there can arise only nobler and wider notions of the purpose of Creation. Our philosophy will be an affirmative one, not the false and negative dogmas of Auguste Comt
24、e, which have usurped the name, and misrepresented the tendencies of a true positive philosophy. True science will not deny the existence of things because they cannot be weighed and measured, It will rather lead us to believe that the wonders and subtleties of possible existence surpass all that ou
25、r mental powers allow us clearly to perceive. The study of logical and mathematical forms has convinced me that even space itself is not requisite condition of conceivable existence. Everything, we are told by materialists, must be here or there, nearer or further, before or after. I deny thisand po
26、int to logical relations as my proof.7 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 南开大学 2011 年研，考试科目：专业英语)In the 1950s and 1960s, Mr. Chabrol was one of a handful of up-and-coming French filmmakers, who challenged moviemaking conventions and were collectively known as the French New Wave. In a car
27、eer spanning more than a half-century, Mr. Chabrol made more than 55 feature films, including his most recent, “ Bellamy, “ a 2009 murder mystery starring Gerard Departdieu. Less overtly political and mind-bendingly experimental than his counterparts , Mr. Chabrol was best known for mastering the ar
28、t of suspense and for sardonically highlighting, the desperation and violence beneath the placid facade of bourgeois life.“ If one sentence or phrase could sum up ChabroFs view of the middle class world, its that the world is all full of rules, correctness and etiquette.and just below the surface th
29、ere is horror and chaos, “ said film scholar David Sterritt. “He was making movies that were marvelously entertaining and still had that edge, that twist Im making you smile, you in the audience, but at the same time Im skewering exactly the kind of life that you and I lead as proper middle class pe
30、ople.“8 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 南开大学 2010 研，考试科目：专业英语)America is needed to lead. The global trading system has many enemies, but in recent times the man in the White House could be counted as its main champion. As the driver of the worlds great opening, America has gained hugel
31、y in terms of power and prestige, but the extraordinary burst of growth that globalization has triggered has also lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty over the past few decades and brought lower prices to consumers everywhere. The global recession threatens to undo some of that, as country aft
32、er country is tempted to subsidize here and protect there. World trade is likely to slump by 10% in 2009, and a report from the Geneva-based World Trade Alliance claimed this week that, on average, a G20 member has broken the no-protectionism pledge once every three days since it was made. For Mr. O
33、bama now to take up the no-protection cause at the G20s forthcoming meeting in Pittsburgh would, alas, be laughable. But if America does not set an example, no one else is likely to.9 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 南开大学 2009 研，考试科目：专业英语)After years of proclaiming that it understood in
34、ternational politics better than its predecessors, the Bush administration is now trying to undo the damage its first seven years have wroughttrying, in effect to take U. S. foreign policy back to where it was before President Bush was sworn in. But the world is a very different place today, and muc
35、h less advantageous to the United States. Square one, administration officials are finding, is no longer really square one.In 2001, the administration declared a revolution in the practice and substance of U. S. foreign policy. It ridiculed liberal internationalist ideals of multilateral cooperation
36、. It opposed using U. S. military power dressed up as “ nation-building“. It wrote off global warming as Al Gores obsession, and it said it wouldnt get bogged down, as its predecessors had, in Israeli Palestinian peacemaking.10 Put the following passage into Chinese(天津财经大学 2006 研，考试科目：现代英语)The workm
37、anship of the Supernote was extraordinary. It had sequential serial numbers, and the printing plates continued to be refined. A Secret Service agent identified Kellys two samples as Supernotes by three minuscule imperfections. Even when the flaws were pointed out, Kelly says, “I frankly couldnt see
38、the damn imperfections. “Most alarming of all, the Supernote was so well engineered that it could fool currency scanners at the nations twelve Federal Reserve banks. The black ink on the front of American currency contains ferrous oxide, which is magnetic, and the Feds scanners read the magnetic fie
39、ld down the center line of the portrait with such precision that a thousand genuine hundred-dollar bills are rejected for every one that is later found to be counterfeit. Yet, Kelly recalls, “ Secret Service told me the bills went through those machines. “The Supernote, Kelly learned, had been circu
40、lating in Europe, the Far East, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union, but only limited supply had reached the United States. This was not reassuring. Of the almost three hundred and ninety billion dollars in American paper money now in existence, some two-thirds, or more than two hundred and
41、 fifty billion, is in foreign hands. The worldwide popularity of the dollar is a tremendous boon to the United States. The Federal Reserve is fond of pointing out, every bill in circulation is in effect an interest-free loan: an equivalent amountin government securities would cost the United States
42、more than twenty-five billion dollars in annual interest payments. The beauty of bills stuffed in a mattress in Kazakhstan, for instance, is the good chance that the notes will never be called in. The Supernote was by no means the first foreign-made or foreign-distributed counterfeit of American cur
43、rency, but because of its frightening and unprecedented quality it seemed singularly poised to damage world confidence in the dollar.11 Put the following passages into Chinese(天津财经大学 2005 研，考试科目：现代英语)Hallmarks Asian ValentineThe tradition of card giving on Valentines Day seemingly an American phenom
44、enon is taking root in Asia, too. Yet when Asian customers buy Valentines Day cards, they often choose the original English versions even when they dont speak the language.Based on the sales of Hallmark cards, it appears that the number of consumer romantics in China, Japan and Korea is rising. This
45、 is not surprising, given that Hallmark greeting cards have proven to be a great way to overcome some of the emotional restrictions that still reign in a number of Asian societies.Becoming Don Juan(唐-璜)fictional character famous as a heartless womanizer but noted for his charm and courage without lo
46、sing face.The problem in Eastern societies is that culture norms and romance often run into a dilemma: how could you tell a girl that you fancy her without putting yourself in a position in which you could “lose face“ ? In China, for example , because of culture norms, men will perhaps never be mist
47、aken for Shakespeares Romeo. Romance, of Western variety , is simply not a Chinese mans cup of tea. So, how do you overcome the dilemma? To sidestep possible pitfalls of cultural impropriety, the Chinese Don Juan goes and buys his sweetie a Hallmark card for Valentines Day. Thus, he can express his
48、emotions through a pre-made message on paper, rather than through uncomfortable sweet talk in person.In Japan and Korea the rules are somewhat different. Here men generally tend to be much less inhibited about their emotions and romantic interests. To assess just how emotional Japanese men can be in
49、 all walks of life Just recall the occasional news feature of a top Japanese or Korean CEO apologizing in tears for the weak performance or the bankruptcy of his company in front of his nations TV cameras.In Japan and Korea, it is the women that are more emotionally inhibited than the men. So, in order for them to display some affection in a suitable manner, women will send out the Hallmark Valentine cards to the object of their affection. But if you think that the Hallmark cards need to be translated into the different Asian languages to enable love
