1、2010 年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷（无答案）一、Structure and Vocabulary1 The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.（A）at large（B） at intervals（C） at case（D）at random2 When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money
2、 in cash.（A）substitute（B） selection（C） preference（D）alternative3 I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a _ character.（A）gracious（B） suspicious（C） unique（D）particular4 Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _ produces artificial
3、cold surrounding it.（A）absorption（B） transition（C） consumption（D）interaction5 Language, culture, and personality may be considered _of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.（A）indistinctly（B） separately（C） irrelevantly（D）independently6 Christmas is a Christian holy day usually cele
4、brated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ.（A）in accordance with（B） in terms of（C） in favor of（D）in honor of7 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.（A）improve（B） enhance（C） guarante
5、e（D）gear8 To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed _ and means of packing.（A）specimens（B） inspections（C） samples（D）specifications9 Many of the conditions that population pressures- overcrowding, unemployment, poverty,
6、hunger and illness_ lead to dissatisfaction.（A）bring forward（B） give rise to（C） feed up with（D）result from10 Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily _ for a month or a year as for a single day.（A）put up（B） stay up（C） speed up（D）make up11 The fact that the earths surface hea
7、ts _ provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.（A）infrequently（B） irregularly（C） unsteadily（D）unevenly12 If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird _a set of actions to protect its offspring.（A）hastens（B） releases（C） devises（D）initiates13 How large a proportion of the
8、 sales of stores in or near resort areas can be_ to tourist spending?（A）attributed（B） applied（C） contributed（D）attached14 Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.（A）ingredient（B
9、） reliance（C） shelter（D）inclination15 Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _ wonderful bargains in the market.（A）pickup（B） bump into（C） pileup（D）bring back16 Scientists are searching for the oldest tree_ because it can teach them a great deal about many issues relate
10、d with climate change.（A）lively（B） alive（C） living（D）live17 The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _ shock and anger throughout the world.（A）tempted（B） provoked（C） summoned（D）enveloped18 A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably the single most effective ant
11、i-poverty policy in the developing world today.（A）enrolling（B） assigning（C） involving（D）consenting19 The UN official said aid programs will be _until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.（A）multiplied（B） arrested（C） spanned（D）suspended20 Despite almost universal_of the vital importance
12、of womens literacy, education remains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.（A）confession（B） identification（C） acknowledgement（D）compliment21 Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now_much of their food.（A）deliver（B） import（C） produce（D
13、）develop22 Because Jenkins neither_ nor defends either management or the striking workers, both sides admire his journalistic_（A）criticizes.acumen（B） attacks.neutrality（C） confronts.aptitude（D）dismisses.flair23 Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages,
14、 but skeptics argue that the apes are only_ their trainers.（A）imitating（B） condoning（C） instructing（D）acknowledging24 It is ironic that the _ insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere（A）original.cliches（B） banal.beliefs（C） dubious.habits（D）philosophical.questions2
15、5 The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable _, when weight loss _ if not stops.（A）moods.accelerates（B） feasts.halts（C） holidays.contracts（D）plateaus.slows26 Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so _, she was surprised that her _ were recognized.（A）laudatory
16、.styles（B） obvious.anecdotes（C） oblique.allusions（D）critical.eulogies27 If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the _ of morality?（A）regulation（B） basis（C） belief（D）collapse28 Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be
17、 _, and therefore _ extemal factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.（A）learned.immune to（B） innate.unaffected by（C） intricate.belong to（D）specific.confused with29 Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to
18、 buy _ at any price.（A）order（B） emancipation（C） hope（D）liberty30 As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with _ as well as zeal.（A）levity.resignation（B） enthusiasm.meticulousness（C） vitality.willingness（D）empathy.rigor二、Cloze30 Whenever you see an old film, even one made as
19、 little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, a
20、re clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions.【C1】_The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women over t
21、he whole world rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mi
22、ldly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. 【C2】 _Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardro
23、be packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.【C3 】_Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-li
24、mes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.【C4 】_Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that w
25、omen will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.【C5 】_Do the constantly
26、changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.A. Chan
27、ging fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste.B. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.C. The difference between men and women in the matter of fashion is fascinating.D. Over the year, the great majority of men have success
28、fully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress.E. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores.31 【C1 】32 【C2 】33 【C3 】34 【C4 】35 【C5 】三、Reading Comprehension35
29、 Going Green After GrayVisanto Melina, R. D., got the surprise of her career last year, when Seattle-based vegetarian nutritionist was asked to give a seminar on vegetarianism at a senior citizen center. “I thought thered be four or five people.“ she says. Instead, the room was packed with seniors w
30、ho had paid a $ 5 fee to hear her advice. And their interest in better health wasnt only keen; it was informed. “Theyve obviously been paying attention to new research,“ she says.If Melina studied demographic trends for a living, she probably wouldnt have been so surprised. Trend watchers have verif
31、ied an intriguing new phenomenon. Older people are turning to a vegetarian diet in ever-increasing numbers. Not surprisingly, demographics are driving the drift. By the year 2005, people born between 1949 and 1963 the Baby Boom Generation, will make up 38 percent of the American population. Furtherm
32、ore, statistics suggest this educated, health-conscious, rebellious and relatively affluent contingent fits the traditional vegetarian profile. Add to the fact that older people seek natural, pleasant ways to combat problems associated with aging-weight gain, higher cholesterol and blood pressure, i
33、ncreased cancer risk and impaired digestion- and you have real motivation to go meatless, says Suzanne Havala, R. D., author of the American Dietetic Associations position paper on vegetarianism.Quantifying this new trend isnt easy, but a 1994 study by Health Focus Inc., an independent research orga
34、nization based in Des Moines, Iowa, found that shoppers over age 50 are cutting down on their consumption of red meat or eliminating it from their diets entirely. More compelling evidence for the senior surge toward vegetarianism comes from vegetarian groups nationwide, which report a swell in the r
35、anks of older vegetarians. For example, one out of five members of the new Syracuse (N. Y.) Area Vegetarian Education Society is over 50; unusually high for a fledgling organization. And two-thirds of the 850-member Vegetarian Society of Honolulu are also members of the American Association of Retir
36、ed Persons, society executives say.An informal poll of older people suggests better health is often the main incentive and objective for turning veg. Three years ago Nancy Roberts, a 53-year-old Magazine editor, found herself doing what many people do over the holidays: overindulging in rich treats.
37、 However, this time it made her in. “The crash felt like the flu,“ she says. By chance, Roberts was asked to edit some vegetarian recipes during that same period. She made a few at home, and her “flu“ disappeared.More dramatically, Ruth Heidrich believes vegetarianism saved her life. The 61-year-old
38、 marathoner and triathlete was diagnosed with breast cancer 14 years ago, at age 47. When an initial biopsy indicated far more cancer than her doctors had thought, she was ready to take desperate measures. On the day of the diagnosis, she spotted a newspaper ad looking for volunteers to enroll in a
39、study of breast cancer and diet, conducted by John McDougall, M. D., a leading advocate of the use of diet to fight disease. After meeting McDougall and reviewing what she says was an eight-inch thick file of statistics linking a high-fat diet with breast cancer, Heidrich converted from a traditiona
40、l American diet to an extremely low-fat regimen with no animal products. “I didnt even have skim milk on my cereal,“ she says. After a mastectomy and reconstructive surgery, she is cancer-free. She never had to undergo radiation treatment or chemotherapy and believes her strict vegetarian diet helpe
41、d speed her recovery from surgery.36 What does Visanto Melino mean when she says the elderly citizens who attended her seminar were “informed“ on the subject of better health?（A）They had a clear understanding of the subject.（B） They wanted more information on the subject.（C） They were informed of th
42、e latest research on the subject.（D）They were extremely knowledgeable about the latest developments on the subject.37 What does the author mean by saying “.demographics are driving the drift“?（A）The huge Baby Boom Generation have decided to become vegetarians.（B） The growing trend toward vegetariani
43、sm is due to an increase in the number of older people.（C） Senior citizens believe that going meatless is a natural and pleasant way to combat problems of aging.（D）More and more people of all ages are going on a vegetarian diet to stay healthy38 Why did Nancy Roberts fall ill?（A）Because she caught t
44、he flu.（B） Because she overexerted herself during the holidays.（C） Because she was on a high-fat diet.（D）Because she ate too much rich foo39 How did Nancy Roberts recover from her illness?（A）By going on an extremely low-fat regimen.（B） By eating some vegetarian dishes at home.（C） By not even having
45、skim milk with her cereal.（D）By following a strict vegetarian diet.40 Why is the passage titled “Going Green After Gray“?（A）People who have gray hair like to eat vegetables.（B） A vegetarian diet is good for elderly people.（C） Older people tend to become vegetarians.（D）Seniors like to attend seminars
46、 on vegetarianism.40 In most peoples mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources
47、must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growth means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth means.what?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is neces
48、sary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World povert
49、y and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of the comfortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third Word countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a centu
