1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 337（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Wh
2、en the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.0 Chinese AmericansChinese Americans are an ethnic minority in theUS. They used to be discriminated.1. The hist
3、ory of Chinese immigrants1)The first group of Chinese arrived during theCalifornia 【1】_ in 1849. Their success invited 【1】_envy. They had to earn a living by doing the 【2】_ 【2】_for the white miners, setting up restaurants, working asfarmhands or as【3】_ 【3】_2)The second group of Chinese arrived in th
4、eearly 【 4】_as laborers to construct the 【4】_【5】_ 【5】_3)After World War Two, more Chinesewere permitted to settle in America.4)Todays Chinese Americans are mostly the【6】 【6】_ of the first two groups of immigrants.2. Some of their noteworthy characteristics as partof their traditional culture1)【7】 _f
5、amily ties 【7】_2)respect for the elders3)a feeling of 【8】_to the family 【8】_4)high regard for 【9】_ 【9】 _5)willingness to work hardThese characteristics contribute to their success invarious professions. As Americans attitudes towardminorities and ethnic differences have changed inrecent years, Chine
6、se Americans have gained【10】 【10】_ in the American society.1 【1】2 【2】3 【3】4 【4】5 【5】6 【6】7 【7】8 【8】9 【9】10 【10】SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At
7、 the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.11 According to Allan, who will look after the interest of foreign students at universities?（A）The Welfare Office of the Student Union.（B） A counselor for Overseas studen
8、ts.（C） Overseas students societies and organizations.（D）Local education authorities. 12 One must register with the police within seven days of arrival in Britain _.（A）if he is from the European Community（B） if he is from the Commonwealth（C） if he intends to stay in UK for more than six months（D）if h
9、e plans to travel in UK for one week 13 When one is to register with the police, he has to take the following EXCEPT _.（A）25 pounds（B） passport（C） two passport-sized photographs（D）the form Owl 14 Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（A）Non-resident students are not entitled to
10、 work,（B） One will be prosecuted if he works without permission.（C） Working without permission is regarded as a criminal offence in Britain.（D）Overseas students have to fill out the OWl if they want to get permission to work. 15 To search for work experience or practical learning, one must get _.（A）
11、forms OW1 and OW5（B） forms OW21 and 0W22（C） forms OW1 and OW21（D）forms OW5 and OW22 SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer
12、 the questions.16 Where was the report about rebel forces from?（A）Chads government.（B） Capital NDjamena.（C） French embassy.（D）City of Abeche. 17 Frances ambassador has left Rwanda to _.（A）stay away from possible danger（B） show Frances power（C） cut the connection between the two countries（D）arrest so
13、me of the top Rwanda officials 18 The investigation was dangerous because _.（A）the mine was badly damaged（B） the ventilation system was broken（C） the mine was too deep（D）the safety facility was destroyed 19 The alleged plotters were said to have _.（A）bomb-making videos（B） guns and bombs（C） poisonous
14、 gas-making equipment（D）bomb-making equipment 20 How many people were found not guilty?（A）1.（B） 4.（C） 8.（D）11. 20 According to legend, Aesculapius bore two daughters, Panacea and Hyegeia, who gave rise to dynasties of healers and hygienists. The schism (分离) remains today, in clinical training and in
15、 practice; and, because of the imperative nature of medical care and the subtlety of health care, the former has tended to dominate. Preventive medicine has as its primary objective the maintenance and promotion of health. It accomplishes this by controlling or manipulating environmental factors tha
16、t affect health and disease. For example, in California presently there is serious suffering and substantial economic loss because of the failure to introduce controlled fluoridation (加氟作用) of public water supplies. Additionally, preventive medicine applies prophylactic (预防性的) measures against disea
17、se by such actions as immunization and specific nutritional measures. Third, it attempts to motivate people to adopt healthful lifestyles through education.For the most part, curative medicine has as its primary objective the removal of disease from the patient. It provides diagnostic techniques to
18、identify the presence and nature of the disease process. While these may be applied on a mass basis in an attempt to “screen“ out persons with preclinical disease, they are usually applied after the patient appears with a complaint. Second, it applies treatment to the sick patient. In every case, th
19、is is, or should be, individualized according to the particular need of each patient. Third, it utilizes rehabilitation methodologies to return the treated patient to the best possible level of functioning.While it is true that both preventive medicine and curative medicine require cadres of similar
20、ly trained personnel such as planners, administrators, and educators, the underlying delivery systems depend on quite distinctive professional personnel. The requirements for curative medicine call for clinically trained individuals who deal with patients on a one-to-one basis and whose training is
21、based primarily on an understanding of the biological, pathological, and psychological processes that determine an individuals health and disease status. The locus (地方)for this training is the laboratory and clinic. Preventive medicine, on the other hand, calls for a very broad spectrum of professio
22、nal personnel, few of whom require clinical expertise. Since their actions apply either to environmental situations or to population groups, their training takes place in a different type of laboratory or in a community not necessarily associated with the clinical locus.The economic differences betw
23、een preventive medicine and curative medicine have been extensively discussed, perhaps most convincingly by Winslow in the monograph The Cost of Sickness and the Price of Health. Sickness is almost always a negative, nonproductive and harmful state. All resources expended to deal with sickness are t
24、herefore fundamentally economically unproductive. Health, on the other hand, has a very high value in our culture. To the extent that healthy members of the population are replaced by sick members, the economy is doubly burdened. Nevertheless, the per capita cost of preventive measures for specific
25、diseases is generally far lower than the per capita cost of curative medicine applied to treatment of the same disease. Prominent examples are dental caries (蛀牙) , poliomyelitis( 脊髓灰质炎 ) and phenylketonuria (苯丙酮尿) .There is an imperative need to provide care for the sick person within a single medic
26、al care system, but there is no overriding reason why a linkage is necessary between the two components of a health care system, prevention and treatment. A national health and medical care program composed of semiautonomous systems for personal health care and medical care would have the advantage
27、of clarifying objectives and strategies and of permitting a more equitable division of resources between prevention and cure. 21 The authors primary concern is to _.（A）refute a counterargument（B） draw a distinction（C） discuss a dilemma（D）isolate causes 22 It can be inferred that the author regards a
28、 program of controlled fluoridation of public water supplies as _.（A）an unnecessary government program that wastes economic resources（B） a potentially valuable strategy of preventive medicine（C） a government policy that has relatively little effect on the health of a population（D）an important elemen
29、t of curative medicine 23 Which of the following best explains the authors use of the phrase “doubly burdened“ in Para. 4?（A）A person who is ill does not contribute to production; treatment consumes economic resources.（B） The per capita cost of preventive measures is only one-half of the per capita
30、cost of treatment.（C） The division between preventive medicine and curative medicine requires duplication of administrative expenses.（D）The individual who is ill must be rehabilitated after the cure has been successful. 24 It can be inferred that the author regards Winslows monograph (in Para. 4) as
31、 _.（A）ill-conceived（B） incomplete（C） authoritative（D）well organized 24 Two techniques have recently been developed to simplify research and reduce the number of nonhuman primates needed in studies of certain complex hormonal reactions. One technique involves the culturing of primate pituitary (垂体) c
32、ells and the cells of certain human tumors. In the other, animal oviduct (输卵管 ) tissue is transplanted under the skin of laboratory primates. Both culturing techniques complement existing methods of studying intact (完整的) animals.With an in vitro culturing technique, researchers are deciphering how b
33、iochemical agents regulate the secretion of prolactin (催乳激素), the pituitary hormone that promotes milk production. The cultured cells survive for as long as a month, and they do not require serum (血清), a commonly used culture ingredient that can influence cellular function and confound study results
34、. One primate pituitary gland may yield enough cells for as many as 72 culture dishes, which otherwise would require as many animals.The other technique allows scientists to monitor cellular differentiation in the reproductive tracts of female monkeys. While falling short of the long-sought goal of
35、developing an in vitro model of the female reproductive system, the next-best alternative was achieved. The method involves transplanting oviduct tissue to an easily accessible site under the skin, where the grafted cells behave exactly as if they were in their normal environment. In about 80 percen
36、t of the grafts, blood vessels in surrounding abdominal skin grow into and begin nourishing the oviduct tissue. Otherwise, the tissue is largely isolated, walled off by the surrounding skin. A cyst (囊胞 ) forms that shrinks and swells in tandem(一前一后的串联) with stages of the menstrual cycle. With about
37、80 percent of the grafts reestablishing themselves in the new site, a single monkey may bear as many as 20 miniature oviducts that are easily accessible for study. Because samples are removed with a simple procedure requiring only local anesthesia, scientists can track changes in oviduct cells over
38、short intervals. In contrast, repeated analysis of cellular changes within the oviduct itself would require abdominal surgery every time a sample was taken-a procedure that the animals could not tolerate.Scientists are using the grafting technique to study Chlamydia (衣原体) infections, a leading cause
39、 of infertility among women. By infecting oviduct tissues transplanted into the abdominal skin of rhesus (罗猴) monkeys, researchers hope to determine how the bacteria cause pelvic inflammatory disease and lesions (损害) that obstruct the oviduct. Such research could eventually lead to the development o
40、f antibodies to the infectious agent and a strategy for producing a Chlamydia vaccine. 25 This passage deals primarily with _.（A）reproductive organs of nonhuman primates（B） diseases of the pituitary glands（C） in vitro studies of pituitary hormones（D）techniques for studying hormonal reactions 26 Acco
41、rding to the passage, the primary benefit of the new research is that _.（A）scientists can study the pituitary gland for the first time（B） the procedures are simpler and require fewer laboratory animals（C） the study of intact laboratory animals has now been rendered obsolete（D）researchers were able t
42、o discover prolactin 27 All of the following are true of the transplantation technique EXCEPT that _.（A）it avoids the need for subjecting a laboratory subject to repeated major surgery（B） it permits scientists to monitor changes frequently（C） the transplanted cells grow as they would in their normal
43、 site（D）the transplanted cells can be easily grown in vitro 28 According to the passage, Chlamydia causes infertility in women by _.（A）causing tissue changes which block the oviduct（B） shrinking and swelling tissues in conjunction with the menstrual cycle（C） allowing skin tissue to encyst reproducti
44、ve tissue（D）necessitating abdominal surgery to remove damaged tissue 28 In the summer of 999, Leif Erikson voyaged to Norway and spent the following winter with King Olaf Tryggvason. Substantially the same account is given by both the Saga of Eric the Red and the Flat Island Book. The latter says no
45、thing about Leifs return voyage to Greenland, but according to the former it was during this return voyage that Leif discovered America. The Flat Island Book, however, tells of another and earlier landfall by Biarni, the son of a prominent man named Heriulf, and makes that the inspiration for the vo
46、yage to the new land by Leif. In brief, like Leif, Biarni and his companions sight three countries in succession before reaching Greenland, and to come upon each new land takes I “doegr“ (time record) more than the last until Biarni comes to land directly in front of his father s house in the last-m
47、entioned country.This narrative has been rejected by most later writers, and they may be justified. Possibly, Biarni was a companion of Leif when he voyaged from Norway to Greenland via America, or it may be that the entire tale is but a garbled account of that voyage and Biarni another name for Lei
48、f. It should be noted, however, that the stories of Leif s visit to King Olaf and Biarnis to that kings predecessor are in the same narrative in the Flat Island Book, so there is less likelihood of duplication than if they were from different sources. Also, Biarni landed on none of the lands he pass
49、ed, but Leif apparently landed on one, for he brought back specimens of wheat, vines, and timber. Nor is there any good reason to believe that the first land visited by Biarni was Wineland. The first land was “level and covered with woods,“ and “there were small hillocks upon it.“ Of forests, later writers do not e
