1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 368（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Wh
2、en the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.0 Similarities and Differences between Public Speaking and ConversationBoth Public Speaking and Conversation ne
3、ed you to1. organize ideas to present them in the most【1】 You steadily build up a compelling case. 2. tailor your message to【2】3. tell your story for maximum impact. relate an【3】or use. 4. adapt to listener【4】. Now lets look at the Differences between PublicSpeaking and ConversationPublic speaking a
4、nd everyday conversation are not【5】1. Public speaking is more highly【6】2. Public speaking requires【7】language. Listeners usually【8】to speakers who do not elevate and polish their language when addressing an audience. 3. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery. Conversation: talking i
5、nformally, interjecting phrases such as“ like“ and“ you know,“ adopting a casual【 9】posture, and using vocalized pauses. Public speaking: adjusting voices【10】clearly throughout the audience. SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then
6、answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.11 What is the womans book about?（A）It is about how to protect the environment.（B） It is a
7、bout how to educate children.（C） It is about how to raise children in a healthy way.（D）It tells people to live in an environmentally friendly way.12 Why is it even important to raise a child as the book states?（A）Because kids are in need of nutrition.（B） Because there are so much toxically substance
8、 in our daily food.（C） Because everything needs cleaning.（D）Because our environment has been polluted.13 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?（A）Cleaning products should look like water.（B） Many products have chemicals and false colorings.（C） Food with synthetic chemicals is harmful.（D）The
9、 low-lying chemical isnt detrimental to children.14 Which of the following is NOT the reason for eating organic food?（A）Organic food does not have pesticides.（B） Organic food is much cheaper.（C） Pesticides are linked to many diseases of children.（D）Organic food is more beneficial to health.15 How to
10、 cut down the cost of regular baby food?（A）To control the quantity of the food intake of the kids.（B） To purchase the less expensive food for the kids.（C） To go to certain stores to buy them in bulk or DIY.（D）To make childrens food yourself.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you wil
11、l hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.16 According to the news, who claimed responsibility for the rocket attack?（A）A 36-year-old Israeli man.（B） Palestinian militant
12、s.（C） Israels offensive.（D）Hamas17 50 Palestinians or so have been killed in the raids which began _ago.（A）12 weeks（B） 12 days（C） 2 weeks（D）2 days18 Who gathered in a Rome square Saturday for the Family Day rally?（A）Married couples.（B） Demonstrators.（C） Children.（D）Family associations.19 According t
13、o the news, Italy would be more_if it gave rights to unmarried and gay couples.（A）open（B） developed（C） democratic（D）civilized20 Which of the following statements is true?（A）There are two groups of engineers who are working on the alternative solutions of the program.（B） Discoverys protective heat ti
14、les ate out of order.（C） NASA has made the decision on whether anything needs to be done about the gap fillers.（D）According to NASA there is only a problem with Discovery and it can return to the earth safely.20 Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence t
15、hat education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain
16、 shrinkage. “That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to with stand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functio
17、ning begins to break down. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated hav
18、e greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests
19、of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal. “Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “ People lose (on average) 2. 5 percent decade starting at adulthood. “There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of m
20、ental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood. In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said
21、, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss. Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the g
22、reater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1. 77 milliliters more cerebrospinal flui
23、d around the brain. For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particular educatio
24、n level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like
25、the body, the brain benefits from exercise. “ The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can. “According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselve
26、s to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles. “A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, “will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline. “Just how education might affect br
27、ain cells is unknown, In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with morn education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage. 21 According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage exc
28、ept_.（A）age（B） education（C） health（D）exercise22 Which of the following statements is true?（A）The brain of an adult person shrinks 2. 5% every 10 years.（B） The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased by 17. 7 millimeters.（C） The cerebrospinal fluid of a person wit
29、h 16 years of education may increase by 10%.（D）The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.23 According to Coffeys research, the brain may benefit from_.（A）running（B） playing chess（C） swimming（D）playing football.24 From this passage, we can conclude that_.（A）education is beneficial to ment
30、al development（B） education protects the brain from shrinking（C） education has a protective effect against mental decline（D）education affects overall brain structures24 It was a day that Michael Eisner would undoubtedly like to forget. Sitting in a Los Angeles witness box for four hours last week, t
31、he usually unflappable chairman of the Walt Disney Co. struggled to maintain his composure. Eisners protg turned nemesis. Jeffrey Katzenberg, his former employee, was seeking $500 million in his breach-of-contract suit against Disney, and Eisner was trying to defend hisand his companys integrity. At
32、 one point Eisner became flustered when Katzenbergs attorney, Bertram Fields, asked if he recalled telling his biographer, Tony Schwartz, “I think I hate the little midget. “ Later Eisner recalled that the same day, he had received a fax from Katzenberg meant for Fields, thanking the lawyer for “man
33、aging“ a magazine story that praised Katzenberg at Eisners expense: “I said to Schwartz, Screw that. If he is going to play this disingenuous gameI simply was not going to pay him his money. “Last weeks revelations were the latest twist in a dispute that has entertained Hollywood and tarnished Disne
34、ys corporate image. The dash began five years ago, when Katzenberg quit Disney after a 10-year reign as studio chief, during which he oversaw production of such animated blockbusters as “The Lion King“. Disneys attorneys said that Katzenberg forfeited his bonus2 percent of profits in perpetuity from
35、 all Disney movies, TV shows and stage productions from 1984 to 1994, as well as their sequels and tie-inswhen he left. The company ultimately paid Katzenberg a partial settlement of nearly $117 million, sources say. But talks broke down over how much Disney owed, and the dispute landed in court. In
36、dustry insiders never expected that Disney would push it this far. The last Hollywood accounting dispute that aired in public was Art Buchwalds lawsuit against Paramount for profits he claimed to be owed from the 1988 Eddie Murphy hit “Coming to America“. Paramount chose to fight Buchwald in courton
37、ly to wind up paying him $1 million after embarrassing revelations about its business practices. After that, studios made a practice of quietly settling such claims. But Disney under Eisner would rather fight that settle. And he and Katzenberg are both proud, combative types whose business disagreem
38、ent deepened into personal animus. So far, Disneys imageas well as Eisnershas taken a beating. In his testimony last week Eisner repeatedly responded to questions by saying“ I dont recall“ or “I dont know“. Katzenberg, by contrast, offered a stack of notes and memos that appeared to bolster his clai
39、m. (The Disney executive who negotiated. Katzenbergs deal, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash five years ago. )The trial has also offered a devastating glimpse into the Magic Kingdoms business dealings. Internal documents detail sensitive Disney financial information. One Hollywood lawyer calls
40、 a memo sent to Katzenberg from a former Disney top accountant “a road map to riches“ for writers, directors and producers eager to press cases against Disney. The company declined requests to comment on the case. The next phase of the trial could be even more embarrassing. As Katzenbergs profit par
41、ticipation is calculated, Eisner will have to argue that his animated treasures are far less valuable than Katzenberg claims. No matter how the judge rules, Disney will look like a loser.25 At the end of the first paragraph, the pronoun “I“ in the quoted sentence “I said to Schwatz,“ refers to_.（A）E
42、isner（B） Fields（C） Schwatz（D）Katzenberg26 Katzenberg made a lawsuit against Disney because_.（A）Disney dismissed him before the contract expired（B） Eisner insulted him in a magazine by calling him “the little midget“（C） Disney did not pay him in accordance with the contract（D）Disney owed him $117 mil
43、lion27 Hollywood studios now try to avoid sealing disputes with their employees in court because they fear that_.（A）involvement in a lawsuit will tarnish their reputation（B） many of their illegal business practices will be found out by the public（C） lawyers will overcharge them for such cases（D）thei
44、r confidential business information will be divulged28 It is implied in the last paragraph that_.（A）Disney has profited much less than the general public expected（B） Disney has underpaid many of their employees（C） Eisners animated movies didnt bring as much money as Katzenberg thinks（D）Disney is und
45、ergoing a financial crisis29 We can infer from this passage that_.（A）Katzenberg will undoubtedly win the lawsuit and get all the money he claimed（B） Eisner will remain imperturbable all through the trial（C） Katzenberg will suffer great embarrassment（D）Disney will face more lawsuits from their employ
46、ees29 Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black histo
47、ry. Addison Gayles recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it introduces. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in
48、 ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology outwits much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatts literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.
49、 Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity to the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second. how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable. coherent litera
