1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 175（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Hobbies. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1业余爱好的意义2选择业余爱好的注意事项3业余爱好的形式二、Part II Reading Compr
2、ehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the sta
3、tement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 Informed public debate critical to future of genomic medicineJust mentioning “stem-cell research“ or “genomic medicine“ can open a floodgate of beliefs, concerns and, misinform
4、ation. Opinions are varied, mixed with fact and fiction, but one thing is clear: Open dialogue among researchers, teachers and the general public must continue as we struggle to define the relationship between our societal values and lifesciences research.When the University of Washington .and the N
5、ational Human Genome Research Institute hosted a community genetics forum last spring, questions abounded from the standing-room-only crowd about the implications of genetic research.When is information about genetic health risks most helpful? Should genetic testing results be part of medical record
6、s and how would the results be used potentially by insurance companies? How can genetic testing benefit the criminal-justice system, such as establishings guilt or innocence using DNA testing,The Human Genome Project will lead to amazing advances in medical science that will result in earlier diagno
7、sis, more-targeted treatment, and a dramatic improvement in our ability to prevent terrible diseases. Genomic medicine will mean more personalized medicine tailored to the individual.But these advances also carry inherent risks.The obvious benefits of “personalized medicine“ use of genetic tests to
8、guide preventive care and better drug prescribingare counterbalanced by the possibility that such tests could lead to discrimination by insurers or employers. And, since genetic risk is often only one of the contributing factors to disease, overemphasis on personalized medicine could burden our heal
9、th-care system with genetic tests of little or no benefit.For example, smoking, diet and exercise play major roles in the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Identification of a genetic risk for these diseases can provide specific information for more-effective preventive care, but should not detrac
10、t from pursuit of a healthy lifestyle.The greatest health benefits of genomic research likely will come from insights into the basic biology of health and disease. This will ultimately lead to improved prevention and treatmentoften without any need for genetic testingfor many diseases. The outcome f
11、rom this research can be “precision medcine“ a morecost-effective approach to providing high-quality care. Thus, genomic medicine has the potential to improve the value of health care.An example of the potential of genomic medicine to improve quality and reduce cost is the work of UW researchers Mar
12、k Rieder, Allan Rettie and Debbie Nickerson. They recently reported the discovery of a genetic method for accurately determining the proper dosage of a common blood-thinning drug, warfarin, which often produces adverse side effects because of its highly variable activity in patients.Millions of peop
13、le worldwide take worldwide to prevent stroke and blood clots, yet require expensive, constant testing from their physician to ensure proper dosage. These scientists findings illustrate how the powerful DNA analysis tools of the Human Genome Project are leading to a new era of tailoring drugs and th
14、erapies to an individuals genome. Genomic medicine can lead to more-precise, personalized and cost- effective health care.Medical advances always involve risk of harm, and genomic medicine is no exception. While technical issues require scientific research, we believe the challenges posed by genetic
15、 testing are far too critical to be left to the deliberation of scientists alone.All members of society should have the opportunity to engage in collaborative discussion about the benefits and harms of genetic testing. Informed public discussion is vital to continue advances that hold so much promis
16、e for improving the value of health care.Both educational resources and major organizational efforts will be needed to create opportunities for open discussion. But the most important resources are peoples time and their willingness to invest it in these discussions.Researchers, teachers and the med
17、ia have an obligation to create opportunities for sharing accurate, well-balanced information about potential uses of genomic technology.2 The University of California and the National Human Genome Research Institute hosted a community genetics forum last summer.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 The Human Genome Pro
18、ject will lead to amazing advances in medical science.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 China took part in the Human Genome Project in 1993.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 Identification of a genetic risk for these diseases can provide specific information for more-effective preventive care.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 The greatest health ben
19、efits of genomic research will come from insights into the basic biology of health and disease.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG7 Millions of people worldwide take warfarin to prevent stroke and blood clots.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG8 Medical advances sometimes involve risk of harm.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG9 Genomic medicine will mean mo
20、re _ to the individual.10 Genomic medicine can lead to _ health care.11 All members of society should have the opportunity to engage in_ about the benefits and harms of _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversati
21、on, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）Bemuse she didnt kno
22、w how to use the new oven.（B） Because there was something wrong with her oven.（C） Because she wanted to have her refrigerator fixed.（D）Because there is something wrong with the food.（A）Bob will see Susan tomorrow evening.（B） Bob asked the woman to come another time.（C） Bob and Susan have decided to
23、go on a holiday.（D）Bob might be at home late tomorrow evening.（A）Stay in the dormitory.（B） Find out the cost of living in the dormitory.（C） Ask for a reduction in his rent.（D）Move into an apartment with a roommate.（A）She has bought a new one.（B） She only has an old one.（C） She has none at present.（D
24、）Her sister has given her one.（A）The trees axe being cut down.（B） The trees help cool his house.（C） He needs more air-conditioning.（D）The trees axe blocking his view.（A）John is a fast worker.（B） John did Jacks homework.（C） John has not finished his homework.（D）John didnt do the homework on his own.（
25、A）Thursday night.（B） Friday morning.（C） Monday night.（D）Thursday morning.（A）The man attended the concert, but didnt like it.（B） The man was sorry to miss the football game.（C） The man was more interested in football than in classical music.（D）The man was sorry that he missed the concert.（A）At a rest
26、aurant.（B） At the womans apartment.（C） At a canteen.（D）At the mans house.（A）There is no telephone in them.（B） The telephone isnt working.（C） The telephone is busy.（D）There is no telephone booth.（A）She doesnt smoke. （B） She wants to smoke.（C） The man may smoke.（D）She doesnt want the man to smoke.（A）I
27、ron.（B） Copper.（C） Gold.（D）Lead.（A）The watches hung from their belts.（B） The watches were carried in their pockets.（C） The watches hung from their neck.（D）The watches were carried in handbags.（A）Because they have a smooth surface.（B） Because they are very expensive.（C） Because they are very hard.（D）
28、Because they turn very well.（A）City officials.（B） Newly-graduated university students.（C） Experts in various institutions.（D）Some famous scientists.（A）Giving a lecture.（B） Discussing physics problems.（C） Waiting for a friend.（D）Reading twentieth-century literature.（A）Telling jokes.（B） Staying late a
29、fter class.（C） Falling asleep during class.（D）Eating in the canteen.（A）They complete all their assignments.（B） They study hard for his tests.（C） They compete for the best seats in the class.（D）They read all his books.（A）They make him feel good.（B） They bore him.（C） They make no impact on him.（D）They
30、 make him angry.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C
31、 and D.（A）Old people.（B） Teenagers.（C） Infants.（D）Adults.（A）Their food is less nutrient.（B） They do not have enough money to go to hospital.（C） They live in narrow space where colds infection rate is higher.（D）They have to work very hard.（A）How to read a book.（B） Evaluation of a book.（C） Evaluation
32、of a writer.（D）The contends of a book report.（A）To know whether they read the book or whether they understand the book.（B） As a common home assignment.（C） To help improve their writing.（D）To monitor their research.（A）Reading comprehension.（B） Ability to analyze.（C） English proficiency.（D）Writing.（A）
33、Introduction.（B） Summary of book.（C） Analysis of writers style.（D）Comments.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are r
34、equired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Language is an amazing p
35、henomenon. Speech the 【B1】_ of sounds to convey meaning is a kind of human action. Like any other 【B2】_ repeated actions, speaking has to be learned. But once it is learned, it becomes a generally 【B3】 _ and apparently automatic process.As far as we can 【B4】_ , human beings do not need to be forced
36、to speak. Most babies seem to 【B5】_ a sort of instinctive drive to produce 【B6】_ noises. How to speak and what to say are another matter 【B7】_ . These actions are learned from file particular society in which the baby is born; so that, like ail conduct and 【B8】_ that is learned from a society from t
37、he people around us speech is a patterned activity.【B9 】_ into a few orderly patterns, accepted as meaningful by the people around him.【B10 】_ However, a child born into a society with a pattern of language is encouraged o make a small selection of sounds.【B11 】_.37 【B1 】38 【B2 】39 【B3 】40 【B4 】41 【
38、B5 】42 【B6 】43 【B7 】44 【B8 】45 【B9 】46 【B10 】47 【B11 】Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.47 During the past few weeks,
39、newspapers on both sides of the Atlantic have revealed in breathless terms the latest plan to invade Iraq.They have described massive thrusts by armour from all sides; airborne attacks to take out Baghdad; vast seaborne raids. Saddam Hussein, according to one version, will be removed by dissidents i
40、nserted into Iraq backed by US Special Forces. Alternatively, Saddam will be taken out in a precision strike.Civilian officials in the Bush administration have huffed and puffed about the “leaks“, to the amusement of the intelligence and military professionals. “One thing you can say with an awful l
41、ot of certainty,“ one told The Observer newspaper in London last week, “is that there is going to be an awful lot of deception going on over the next few months.“Deception is one of the oldest of the militarys black arts. But the fact of the existence of deception is important in itself. It is, in t
42、he terminology of these things, a “combat indicator“one of the clues that suggest things are fast on the road to getting bloody.And not all of it is necessarily deception. There have been other signs suggesting a campaign against Iraq. Manufacturers of cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions
43、in the US have been working overtime to replace the weapons expended in Afghanistan. The American military transport fleet of trucks has been ordered in for rapid servicing and camouflaging. Elsewhere, US fighting vehicles in Kuwait have been taken out of mothballs where they were left at the end of
44、 the Gulf War.The question now appears to be not whether there will be a war, but when. The answer is that in war, as other matters, timing is all.For US President George W. Bush that timing will be dictated by the demands of a domestic political agenda. With the economy in the middle of what now lo
45、oks like a doubledip recession, Bush has been left with only two policies he can sell as a success: the war against terrorism and the war against Saddam.The war against terrorism is a problematic one. Afghanistan remains a mess. Osama Bin Laden and many of his senior lieutenants remain unaccounted f
46、or.Declaring victory would not only be precipitous but dangerous. Which leaves Saddam?But when to act? Current thinking on both sides of the Atlantic is that Bush will not want to risk a war that does not begin until well into next year, as that would bring him too close to the time when he wants to
47、 be engaged in his campaign for reelection. That leaves this winter.Finally, there remains the question of what form the war might take. Insiders have insisted that the absolute minimum force requirement must be three heavy armoured divisions plus an air assault division. A likely force size, say ex
48、perts, is 100,000 to 120,000 troops, probably launched from Kuwait and Qatar.48 “. both sides of the Atlantic“ ( Para. 1 ) refers to _.49 What describes in the second paragraph might be _.50 What are the US troops doing now?51 What has been the result of the war against terrorism?52 It is thought th
49、at Bush will launch the war in _.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use
