1、职称英语（理工类）A 级模拟试卷 42（无答案）一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1 个意义最为接近选项。1 We are certain that he will get over his illness.（A）sure（B） happy（C） surprised（D）excited2 A research center has been set up in this country.（A）praised（B） established（C） reformed（D）criticized3
2、If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause.（A）deliver（B） fall（C） happen（D）arrive4 The ice is not thick enough to bear the weigh of a tank.（A）suffer（B） accept（C） receive（D）endure5 A small number of firms have stopped trading.（A）hotels（B） shops（C） restaurants（D）companies6 I
3、n order to survive man needs to consume food and water.（A）work（B） play（C） live（D）walk7 The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.（A）started（B） finished（C） changed（D）made8 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.（A）very（B） completely（C） usually（D）mostly9 Their par
4、ents once lived under very severe conditions.（A）sound（B） hard（C） strict（D）tight10 Michael is now merely a good friend.（A）largely（B） possibly（C） just（D）rarely11 It is obvious that he will win the game.（A）likely（B） possible（C） clear（D）unwilling12 There is no risk to public health.（A）point（B） danger（C）
5、 chance（D）hope13 Did anyone call me when I was out?（A）invite（B） name（C） answer（D）phone14 It took US. a long time to mend the house.（A）build（B） destroy（C） design（D）repair15 I dont quite follow what she is saying（A）believe（B） understand（C） explain（D）accept二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句
6、子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。15 El NinoWhile some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in adv
7、ance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were t
8、hen able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was no
9、t involved in the work, said it “suggests El Nino is indeed predictable.“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods.“ said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times.“ Other models also use sea-surface temperatur
10、es, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, of
11、fset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium. Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China prompting the deve
12、lopment of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to a
13、t least a year if the new method is confirmed.El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events
14、 in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.16 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned17 The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the
15、past El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned18 The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned19 Weares contribution in predicting El Nino, was highl
16、y praised by other meteorologists.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned20 According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.（A）right（B） Wrong（C） Not! mentioned21 It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.（A）right（
17、B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned22 A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题；(2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。22 The Science of Sport1 At the 2004 O
18、lympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles(跨栏)when he ran the race in 12. 91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter(短跑运动员)Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.2 Reco
19、rd-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So whats behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long ca
20、n we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds ?3 Most experts agree that it isnt the athletes bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete o
21、bviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athletes body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human perfo
22、rmance.4 Scientists have shown that an athletes bodys needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance(耐力)sports and require
23、a different parathion(硝苯硫磷脂)to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.5 But in any sport, a players success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to h
24、elp their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization(想象)tec
25、hniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.6 But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge ? Whats more, are all these advantages fair ?A. Different sports require different training programs.
26、B. Science may be too important today.C. Sports equipment has been improved a lot.D. Athletes are still breaking records.E. Sport science helps improve athletes performances.F. Mental training is as important as physical training.23 Paragraph 2_.24 Paragraph 3_.25 Paragraph 4_.26 Paragraph 5_.26 A.
27、to avoid psychological techniques .B. to break recordsC. to better understand the athletes body and mindD. to time and spaceE. to be replacing the sporting challengeF. to human performance27 It is more difficult for todays athletes_.28 We dont know if there is a limit_.29 Research has helped coaches
28、_.30 Scientific advances are suspected_.四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。30 The Emic and Etic ApproachesResearchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from
29、their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. I
30、n the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizat
31、ions can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to incl
32、ude questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard to whether the information obtai
33、ned in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, an
34、d Asian American families. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a more different pattern of family in
35、teraction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.31 According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to_.（A）be overcautious in constructing meaningful mea
36、sures（B） view them from their own cultural perspective（C） guard against interference from their own culture（D）accept readily what is alien to their own culture32 What does the author say about the emic approach and the eric approach?（A）They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issu
37、es.（B） The former is biased while the latter is objective.（C） The former concentrates on the study of culture while the letter on family issues.（D）They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.33 The etic approach is concerned with_.（A）the general characteristics of minorit
38、y families（B） culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups（C） features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups（D）the economic conditions of different types of families34 Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more（A）culturally interactive（B） culture-oriented（C）
39、culturally biased（D）culture-specific35 Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U. S. according to the passage?（A）Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.（B） Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.（C） They dont interact with each other so much as
40、White famines.（D）They have closer family ties than White families.35 Age DiscriminationBy the year 2000 nearly half the workforce in Europe are over 40 and yet throughout Europe there is a deep ambivalence(犹豫)if not outright suspicion-towards the capabilities of older workers.Those over the age of 4
41、0 generally take longer to find new employment, but European governments have done little to protect their employment rights. Only Germany, with incentives to business to encourage the employment of older people, and France, with the introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers
42、in recruitment-or to make employees redundant because of their age done anything substantive to combat age discrimination.Yet even in these two countries, there has been no noticeable improvement in the lot of the older workers; indeed, in France, job advertisements flout(轻视, 反对)the law openly by as
43、king for applicants of a certain age. So, should France and Germany be tightening up their laws and should the rest of Europe follow suit?Bill Robbins, a careers consultant said, “Legislation against age discrimination has been in existence for well over ten year in the U.S. and Canada, but has had
44、no effect. Employers will always be able to find some reasons for turning down an older applicant without appearing to break the law.“Ironically, it was governments which played a leading role in hardening business culture against older workers in the first place. In the late 1970s, many European co
45、untries were extremely concerned about the levels of youth unemployment, and France, Germany and Belgium even initiated incentive schemes for businesses to encourage older employees to take early retirement provided that younger trainees were taken on in their place. As more and more employees took
46、early retirement, often willingly, a new, youth-oriented culture permeated business throughout most of Europe-even in those countries that had taken no active measures to promote it.Demographic(人口统计学的)trends mean that governments are now anxious to slow down the policy of early retirement as they re
47、alize that they simply do not have the funds to meet their pension promises. But reversing business attitudes is no easy matter. Dianah Worman a policy adviser said, “There is a widely held belief that older people are less adaptable and trainable. This is just not true: research has shown that diff
48、erences in capability are as wide within age groups as they are between them.“36 Which of the following words can best describe the European attitude to older workers?（A）Dislike.（B） Disapproval.（C） Distrust.（D）Disappointment.37 France, U.S. and Canada have all taken which of the following steps to d
49、iscourage age discrimination?（A）Encourage businesses to employ older people by offering rewards.（B） Make age discrimination in respect of employment illegal.（C） Enforce age discrimination laws strictly.（D）Refuse to employ younger workers.38 This passage is aimed to_.（A）create more job opportunities for older workers（B） tell older workers how to solve their problems（C） call for European governments concern about older workers problem（D）reveal the importance of legislati
