1、职称英语（理工类）A 级模拟试卷 46（无答案）一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1 个意义最为接近选项。1 The conference was hailed as a great success.（A）published（B） challenged（C） acclaimed（D）guided2 Peking is a densely populated area.（A）compactly（B） inexpensively（C） quickly（D）carefully3 These ol
2、d buildings are gorgeous.（A）ridiculous（B） lovely（C） magnificent（D）peculiar4 The benefits are immense.（A）much（B） extensive（C） little（D）enormous5 The police crept up from behind and took the gangsters by surprise.（A）violent criminals（B） politicians（C） musicians（D）industrialists6 We had only a vague de
3、scription of the attacker.（A）concise（B） imprecise（C） unpolished（D）elementary7 Tonight s live coverage of the hockey(曲棍球)game is very wonderful.（A）barrage（B） orphanage（C） reportage（D）usage8 His breathing was steady.（A）regular（B） usual（C） common（D）ordinary9 The government proposed changes to the votin
4、g system.（A）stated（B） declared（C） suggested（D）announced10 The deadly disease has affected these animals.（A）contagious（B） serious（C） fatal（D）worrying11 No civilized country should deem theft lawful.（A）legal（B） irresistible（C） enjoyable（D）profitable12 I doubt theyll be able to help but it s worth tryi
5、ng.（A）growing（B） wrapping（C） hiding（D）attempting13 Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population.（A）protection（B） indication（C） immunity（D）danger14 She omitted to mention that they were staying the night.（A）failed（B） forgotten（C） deleted（D）left out15 I will dr
6、aft a letter for you.（A）clarify（B） formulate（C） revise（D）contribute二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。15 Plants in DesertOnly special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions wh
7、ere the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75. Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun s ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants, tearing and
8、damaging them. The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds.
9、These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time the water from the sp
10、ring rains disappearsjust a few weeks after it fallssuch plants no longer need any.The perennials(多年生植物)have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. Th
11、e large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation(蒸发).Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,
12、 dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in dese
13、rt do.16 Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned17 Grasses and flowers in desert are able to survive because they stay in the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not m
14、entioned18 Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short show their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it falls in spring.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned19 Winter is the toughest season for the grasses and flowers to survive.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） N
15、ot mentioned20 The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun s ray.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned21 The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned22 Desert perennials lose their l
16、eaves after the rainy season just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs because winter arrives, but the reasons for this feature are different.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题；(2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项
17、中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。22 American Families1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans, many American families have certain characteristics in common. Both the husband and wife were born in the United States, and their forefathers came from Europe. They have completed high school, and they bel
18、ong to the middle class. They have a car, a television set, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a telephone, etc. They own their own home and spend about 55% of their income for housing and food. Clothing accounts for almost 10% of their income, medical care 6% , transportation 8% and taxes 15% . The
19、 rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings, gifts, and recreation.2 Most families consist of a mother, a father, and, at most, two children living at home. There may be relativesgrandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins living in the same community, but American families usually m
20、aintain separate households. This family structure is known as the “nuclear family“. It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together.3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision. Young people freq
21、uently fall in love and marry even if their parents disagree. American marriages are usually based on romantic love, rather than on social class, education, or religion.4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family. Most young couples set up their
22、 own household immediately. In the early 1970s only 15% of all married couples were not living on their ownindependently and by themselves. Most married people practise some kind of birth control. They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The pract
23、ice of limiting the size of families has general approval. The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.A. Post-marriage LifeB. The Birth Rate in the Early 1970sC. Usual Family Structure of American FamiliesD. Features in Common in Many American FamiliesE. Marriage Concept in the USAF.
24、 In Marriages Usually Romantic Love Is as Important as Social Class, Education, or Religion23 Paragraph 124 Paragraph 225 Paragraph 326 Paragraph 426 A. live with their parentsB. their own decisionsC. most American families are usually smallD. the family structureE. some similar featuresF. has been
25、dropping27 There are among many American families_.28 Young Americans make on marriage_.29 Most married couple dont_.30 The birth rate over the last few years_.四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。30 Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the
26、 world s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug(填补)some of the gap from oil, but rese
27、rves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more pr
28、actical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the world s poor too. “Renewable“ refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2, 000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydr
29、oelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. China s Three Gorges Dam, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the US s Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines(涡轮机)will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-
30、fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of China s entire electricity demand.In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines.As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest g
31、rowing type of electricity generationquadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms
32、. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benignthey can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint, altering climate and killing sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotlan
33、d is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200, 000 homes. The UK s goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable.31 What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the art
34、icle?（A）Petroleum and coal.（B） Natural gas.（C） Wind and water.（D）A and B32 China s Three Gorges Dam_.（A）is the first hydroelectric dam in the world（B） is of the same size of the US s Hoover Dam（C） is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world（D）supplies around 20% of the world electricit
35、y33 Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?（A）China.（B） Norway.（C） England.（D）America.34 Which of the following statements is true of wind power?（A）There is plenty of wind to provide the world s entire energy needs.（B） It is th
36、e most rapidly growing type of electricity production.（C） It may not be reliable.（D）All of the above.35 According to the article, resources such as wind_.（A）are sustainable but not replaceable（B） are renewable so sustainable（C） are sustainable so renewable（D）are irreplaceable35 The Biology of MusicH
37、umans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true
38、that some animals can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments.Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However,
39、 people can use music to communicate thingsespecially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different p
40、arts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don t automatically(自动地)lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer, had a stroke(中风)in 1953. It
41、injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand, sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that
42、the brain processes music and language separately.By studying the physical effects of music on the body, scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher
43、at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscu
44、lar control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes(音符). And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa), it may be a way of showing off.However, Miller s theory still doesn t
45、 explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists, this is clearly an area that needs further research.36 Music can NOT be used_.（A）as an efficient way to communicate（B） as an effective tool to perform magic tricks（C） to successfully seek after a lover（D）to
46、 influence the emotions of humans37 Humans are different from animals because_.（A）they have different languages and music（B） they have different languages and communications（C） they have different songs and languages（D）they have different music and songs38 Which of the following statements is true?（
47、A）People who lose their ability to process language also lose their musical abilities.（B） People who injure the left sides of their brains can speak and understand music.（C） People who injure the left sides of their brains cant compose music.（D）People use different parts of their brains to process m
48、usic and language.39 The author doesnt suggest that_.（A）music requires special talent（B） music requires practice（C） music requires psychological ability（D）music requires physical ability40 What is the main idea of the passage?（A）What are the differences of human music and animal music.（B） What are t
49、he differences of human language and animal language.（C） What is music in the aspect of biology.（D）What is music in the aspect of zoology.40 HackThe first big-name hackers included Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what
