1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 15 及答案与解析一、Section A（A）Members of the club are required to register when they arrive.（B） They can bring up to three quests.（C） They should register their quests.（D）Show membership cards on arrival.（A）For 30 minutes only.（B） For one hour only.（C） Within the booked time only.（D）Longer than
2、the booked time.（A）Degree requirement.（B） University links.（C） Government agreements.（D）Company projects.（A）Orderliness.（B） Creativeness.（C） Tightness.（D）Convenience.（A）Change his diet.（B） Take a different kind of medicine.（C） Ask another doctor about the problem.（D）Do special knee exercises.（A）She
3、needs a new hat and gloves.（B） The weather will continue to be cold.（C） She doesnt know what the weather will be like tomorrow.（D）She doesnt know where the man put his winter clothes.（A）The woman shouldnt make him feel bad.（B） The woman should help him write a report.（C） He doesnt want to take the w
4、oman out.（D）He feels responsible for the womans mood.（A）Shed rather not discuss her problems.（B） She has been healthy.（C） Its hard for her to explain her problems.（D）Shes sorry she didnt come back sooner.（A）Make a list of what she needs to do.（B） Schedule an eye exam without delay.（C） Order an appoi
5、ntment book.（D）Get over her fear of eye doctors.（A）Professor Smith hasnt arrived yet.（B） Shes sorry shes late.（C） She doesnt know if anyone called.（D）Shell call Professor Smith in a few minutes.（A）Count her money.（B） Go to the seminar with the man.（C） Help the man learn to manage his money.（D）Pay fo
6、r the seminar.（A）She never keeps other people waiting.（B） She wants the man to help her with her assignment.（C） Shes upset that the man didnt tell her hed be late.（D）Shes glad that the man phoned her.（A）Business leadership.（B） Global business community.（C） Economic prospects in China.（D）Business and
7、 government in China.（A）4000.（B） 5000.（C） 1300（D）3100（A）Beijing.（B） Guangzhou.（C） Shanghai.（D）Hong Kong.二、Section B（A）He was with a patient.（B） He was away on vacation.（C） He was talking to his secretary.（D）He was operating.（A）His false teeth werent fit.（B） He broke his legs.（C） His feet were badly
8、hurt.（D）He cut his fingers.（A）For a few days.（B） For a few weeks.（C） For a few months.（D）For almost a year.（A）Angry.（B） Sympathetic.（C） Indifferent.（D）Annoyed.（A）This morning.（B） This afternoon.（C） Before lunch.（D）After lunch.（A）A normal baby responded to the stimuli impassively.（B） A normal babys r
9、eaction to the sound was phlegmatic.（C） A group of nurses took care of the blind infants at the medical center.（D）Some of the blind infants were able to respond to their mothers voice.（A）The scientists tested them in the medical center.（B） The blind infants were visited by research workers every two
10、 weeks.（C） The blind infants were made to compare with the normal infants.（D）Their mothers were invited to tickle them.（A）They reacted with smiles to hugging from their mothers.（B） They were tested for almost a year.（C） They lacked in feeling to the sound.（D）They were happy with their families.（A）A
11、group of scientists and nurses.（B） The communities.（C） The infantsmother.（D）The local medical center.（A）The blind infants behavior was without feeling or emotion.（B） The blind infants behavior was insensible but ardent.（C） The blind infants behavior lacked energy and vigor.（D）The blind infants behav
12、ior took a long time in respond to a stimulus.（A）Biomedical engineers.（B） Nursing students.（C） Students of philosophy.（D）Mechanics.（A）During the first year of college.（B） During the second year of college.（C） After the second week of classes.（D）Just before the final exam.（A）The mind can be completel
13、y understood through scientific observation.（B） The mind is too complex to be considered part of the “vital force“.（C） The mind and the brain have the same chemical and physical functions.（D）The mind may function separately from the brain.（A）Decide whether they are mechanists or vitalists.（B） Take a
14、n article home and read it.（C） Transfer to the introductory class.（D）Write an essay about vitalism and mechanism.（A）Mechanism is the view that all life phenomena can be explained according to chemical and physical laws.（B） Mechanism can impossible be supported through scientific experimentation.（C）
15、Mechanism is the view that the modern science tends to be mechanism.（D）Mechanism is a kind of philosophical approach.三、Section A31 To some people, the question to clone or not to clone, in a sense, could be comparable to the question_.（A）to be or not to be（B） to some extent（C） live or die（D）life or
16、dead32 In the eyes of some people, the spirit of hard work and plain living has been_with our times.（A）be out of breath（B） without of question（C） out of fashion（D）out of tune33 A great deal has been done by governments at all levels to_the loss caused by SARS.（A）therapy（B） remedy（C） rescue（D）resume3
17、4 It would be useless to_what might have been achieved had these two separate teams been able to work hand in hand.（A）speculate（B） assure（C） suspect（D）assume35 Dental_in children is a common phenomenon all over the world.（A）detritions（B） decay（C） spoiled（D）rotten36 Regardless of whatever you do, you
18、 should always_the truth no gains without pains.（A）adhere to（B） hold fast out（C） stand fast at（D）preserve to37 This project would_a huge increase in disease prevention spending.（A）result（B） assure（C） entail（D）accomplish38 In the present economic_we can make even greater progress than previously.（A）a
19、ir（B） mood（C） area（D）climate39 You must let me have the annual report without_by ten oclock tomorrow morning.（A）failure（B） hesitation（C） trouble（D）fail40 Dreams are_in themselves, but, when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.（A）uninformative（B） startling（C） harmless（D）
20、uncontrollable四、Section B41 Some towns found that lynching was the only way to drive away bands of outlaws.（A）torments（B） wayfarers（C） bulwarks（D）fugitives42 A female mantis does not hesitate to devour her own mate if she is hungry.（A）ignore（B） fight（C） consume（D）hurt43 Young people are vulnerable t
21、o the influences of radio and television.（A）persuaded by（B） appeased by（C） programmed to（D）susceptible to44 The abstract expressionist movement emerged in New York City in the 1940s.（A）was severely criticized（B） came into prominence（C） left no impression（D）was labeled45 It is now generally assumed t
22、hat the planets were formed by the accretion of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud.（A）separation（B） reaction（C） accumulation（D）motion46 Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.（A）obey（B） understand（C） improve with（D）agree with47 Justices of the peace hav
23、e jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.（A）supremacy（B） authority（C） guidance（D）obedience48 Some abnormal human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset delicate chemical balances in the brain.（A）nourish（B） favor（C） prevent（D）di
24、sturb49 Jacksonville, Illinois, has more colleges and state institutions per capita than any other city in that state.（A）per student（B） per private industry（C） per tax dollar（D）per person50 Useful drugs are made from inorganic substances or are plant and animal by-products.（A）materials（B） derivative
25、s（C） chemicals（D）ingredients五、Part Cloze50 Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible.Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs. The brain【C1 】_a protein
26、substance which can act directly【C2】_the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good【C3】_.Chemicals found in the brain【C4】_messages. In recent years scientists have found chemicals mat【C5】 _mood, memory and othe
27、r happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found【C6】_.Today the role of chemicals and the protein substance in human behavior is creating much interest. Research seems to show that they may help【C7】_insomnia, pain, and mental illness. They have a great【C8】_to stimulate the brain to【C9 】_deficienci
28、es. They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain. They【 C10】_the secret on mood and emotion. Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better and more efficient brain.51 【C1 】（A）entertains（B） restrains（C） sustains（D）contains52 【C2 】（A）against（B） on（C） for（D）to53
29、 【C3 】（A）character（B） temper（C） spirit（D）memory54 【C4 】（A）obtain（B） accept（C） carry（D）receive55 【C5 】（A）approach（B） affect（C） aid（D）apply56 【C6 】（A）so many（B） so much（C） so far（D）so good57 【C7 】（A）conceal（B） compress（C） confine（D）control58 【C8 】（A）courage（B） capacity（C） authority（D）curiosity59 【C9 】
30、（A）contain（B） contest（C） conquer（D）condemn60 【C10 】（A）held（B） hold（C） are holding（D）will hold六、Part Reading Comprehension60 At 9:00 in the evening on January 29, just as President George W. Bush was about to begin his first State of the Union address, I gathered with three anxious scientists in a sm
31、all, windowless laboratory in Worcester, Massachusetts. We were at Advanced Cell Technology a privately owned biotechnology company that briefly made international headlines last fall by publishing the first scientific account of cloned human embryos. The significance of the achievement was debatabl
32、e: the companys most successful embryo had reached only six cells before it stopped dividing(one other had reached four cells, another had reached two) a fact that led to a widespread dismissal, in the media and the scientific community, of ACTs “breakthrough“. The work was largely judged to be prel
33、iminary, inconsequential, and certainly not worthy of headlines. Many people in political and religious circles, however, had a decidedly different view. They deemed ACTs work an ethical transgression of the highest order and professed shock, indignation, and horror.Nonetheless, ACT was pressing ahe
34、adwhich was why I had come to the companys cloning lab that night in January. The door to the lab was locked; a surveillance camera mounted on the ceiling watched our every move; and the mood was at once urgent and tense. A human egg, retrieved just hours earlier from a young donor, was positioned u
35、nder a microscope, its image glowing on a nearby video monitor. The eggs chromosomes would shortly be removed, and the scientists in the room would attempt to fuse what remained of the egg with a human skin cell. If the procedure succeeded, the result would be a cloned human embryo.Skin cell to embr
36、yoits one of the most remarkable quick-change scenarios modern biology has to offer. Its also one of the most controversial. Since the announcement, in 1997, of the cloning of the sheep Dolly, attempts to use human cells for cloning have provoked heated debate in the United States, separating those
37、who have faith in the promise of the new technology from those who envision its dark side and unintended consequences.Crucial to the debate is the fact that human cloning research falls into two distinct categories: reproductive cloning, a widely frowned-on effort that aims to produce a fully formed
38、 child; and therapeutic cloning, a scientifically reputable procedure that takes place entirely at the microscopic level and is designed to advance medical merapies and cure human ailments. The two start out the same waywith a new embryo in a Petri dish. But the scientists I was observing in the lab
39、 had no intention of creating a person. Instead they were embarking on an experiment that, if successful, would be a first step toward creating radical new cures for patients like the donor of the skin cell Trevor Ross(not his real name), a two-year-old boy afflicted with a rare and devastating gene
40、tic disease.The mood in the lab was tense in part because of the uncertain outcome of the experiment. But it was also tense because of concern over what President Bush might say about cloning in his address to the nation. A radio in one corner of the room was tuned to the broadcast as the scientists
41、 began their work, and they were listening carefully: in perhaps no other fields of science are researchers as mindful of which way the political winds are blowing. The ACT scientists had good reason to be concernedwhat they were doing that night might soon be made illegal.61 The author was most pro
42、bably as_.（A）an observer（B） a secretary（C） a secret agent（D）a correspondent62 According to the author,_.（A）ACTs scientists had no intention of creating a person（B） ACTs experiment would be a first step towards creating radical new cures（C） ACTs scientists were very mindful of governments perceptions
43、（D）all the above63 According to the passage, human cloning is clearly categorized as_.（A）political and religious（B） reproductive and therapeutic（C） debatable and controversial（D）preliminary and inconsequential64 According to this passage, attempts to use human cells for cloning_.（A）have encouraged t
44、hose who have faith in the premise of the new procedure（B） have criticized those who envision only the dark side and unintended consequences（C） have provoked heated debates in the United States（D）have made ACTs work an ethical transgression of the highest order65 The mood of the ACTs scientists was
45、tense because_.（A）what they were doing that night might soon be made illegal（B） they would soon make ACTs breakthroughs（C） they would make international headline that night（D）President George W. Bush might come to their lab that night65 Modern biology is based on several unifying themes, such as the
46、 cell theory, genetics and inheritance, Francis Cricks central dogma of information flow, and Darwin and Wallaces theory of evolution by natural selection. In this first unit we will examine these themes and the nature of science.The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxiamander(611- 547 B.C.)and the Roman
47、 philosopher Lucretius(99 -55 B.C.)coined the concept that all living things were related and that they had changed over time. The classical science of their time was observational rather than experimental. Another ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, developed his Scala Naturae, or Ladder of Life,
48、to explain his concept of the advancement of living things from inanimate matter to plants, then animals and finally man. This concept of man as the “crown of creation“ still plagues modern evolutionary biologists.Post-Aristotlean “scientists“ were constrained by the prevailing thought patterns of t
49、he Middle Ages the inerrancy of the biblical book of Genesis and the special creation of the world in a literal six days of the 24-hour variety. Archbishop James Ussher of Ireland, in the late 1600s calculated the age of the earth based on the geneologies from Adam and Eve listed in the biblical book of Genesis. According to Usshers calculations, the earth was formed on October 22, 4004 B.C. These calculat
