1、浙江专升本（英语）模拟试卷 2 及答案与解析0 When global warming finally came, it struck with a vengeance(报复). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the wo
2、rld as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was
3、farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past and h
4、ow those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back h
5、undreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolutio
6、n: from the dawn of primates(灵长类动物)some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some
7、instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign(宜人的)global environment that has existed over the past 10000 years during w
8、hich agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appearedis a mere bright spot in a much large pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in
9、the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1 Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged_.（A）to give up his former way of life（B） to leave the coastal areas（C） to follow the ever-shifting vegetation（D）to abandon his original settlement2 Earth scientists have come
10、to understand that climate_.（A）is going through a fundamental change（B） has been getting warmer for 10000 years（C） will eventually change from hot to cold（D）has gone through periodical changes3 Scientists believe that human evolution_.（A）has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes（B） has exerted
11、 little influence on climatic changes（C） has largely been effected by climatic changes（D）has had a major impact on climatic changes4 Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that_.（A）human activities have accelerated changes of Earths environment（B） Earths environment will remain mild despite hum
12、an interference（C） Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the future（D）Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future 5 The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that_.（A）human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic change
13、s（B） mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate（C） man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process（D）human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature5 Every day we are all influenced by the mass media(television,
14、movies, radio, magazines, newspapers and the like). Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used primarily to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we dont need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers
15、to exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertainand neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful.If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age
16、 to examine messages critically i. e. , to think carefully about what is being communicatedthey would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the purposes of the news or script writers, the advisor
17、s, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of the violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented?Furthermore, in a country with a democratic form of government, the people can be kept inform
18、ed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In
19、addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education. Recent immigrants, for example, can improve their command of English through TV and radio, and, in addition, some college courses are taught on educational television.Another recognized adv
20、antage of the media is that it gives the people the information they need in their daily lives; weather and traffic reports are good examples. While commercials and advertising do not necessarily present accurate information, they do make people aware of the availability of products that could impro
21、ve their lives. In addition, they create a larger demand for some items, which may lead to a reduction in their price.While the media can be a valuable means of educating the public, when most people turn on the TV set or the radio, they want to be entertained. As a result, most programming consists
22、 of movies, plays, music, comedies, game shows, and sports events. Some of these offerings are of low quality, but, on the other hand, many are fun to watch and interesting, written and presented well.Even though the mass media can be misused, most of effects are positive. We are all influenced by t
23、elevision, movies, radio, magazines, and newspapers, andif we are careful to examine their massages criticallythese can all be of benefit to our lives.6 The main point the author tries to make in this passage is most probably that_.（A）advertising is harmful when it presents inaccurate information（B）
24、 the positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones（C） people should learn to take advantage of the medias benefits（D）Television is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information7 According to the author, the two main purposes of the mass media are to
25、_.（A）control our thinking and get us to buy useless products（B） provide people with information and entertainment（C） making people aware of the availability of products and create a large demand for some items（D）express the views of the public and help improve recent immigrants English8 The author f
26、eels that consumers of the mass media should be taught at an early age to_.（A）bring their imagination into full play when watching programmes of low quality（B） buy products advertised in commercials so that the demand increase（C） turn off the TV set when ridiculous program comes on（D）think criticall
27、y about the messages brought to them9 It can be learned from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are_.（A）highly educated through TV and radio（B） well protected by the government（C） highly paid by the employers（D）well informed b
28、y the mass media10 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（A）the mass media offers information needed in our daily lives.（B） Publicly funded broadcasting does not present information about current events in depth.（C） Information provided by commercials and advertising is
29、always accurate.（D）Many TV and radio programmes are not interesting.10 Brazil has become one of the developing worlds great successes at reducing population growthbut more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better resu
30、lt without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazils population growth rate has dropped from 3. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1991 and 2000, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 6 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since
31、 2000, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas(通俗电视连续剧)and installment(分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the wor
32、lds biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazils most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.“Although they have never really tried
33、to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,“ says Martine. “ They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other val
34、ues, which were put into a very attractive package. “Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible(不相容的)with unlimited reproduction,“ says Martine.11 According to the passage,
35、 Brazil has cut back its population growth _.（A）by educating its citizen（B） by careful family planning（C） by developing TV programme（D）by chance 12 According to the passage, many Third World countries _ .（A）havent attached much importance to birth control（B） would soon join Brazil in controlling the
36、ir birth rate（C） havent yet found an effective measure to control their population（D）neglected the role of TV plays in family planning13 The phrase “puts it down to“(Line 1, Para. 3)is closest in meaning to “_（A）attributes it to（B） finds it a reason for（C） sums it up as（D）compares it to14 Soap opera
37、s have helped in lowering Brazils birth rate because _.（A）they keep people sitting long hours watching TV（B） they have gradually changed peoples way of life（C） people are drawn to their attractive package（D）they popularize birth control measures15 What is Martines conclusion about Brazils population
38、 growth?（A）The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.（B） The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.（C） Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.（D）A countrys production is limited by its population growth.15 Birds that are literally half asleepwith one b
39、rain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain
40、waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end of the row sleep
41、ers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companies. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks d
42、id. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness
43、simultaneously in different regions of the brain,“ the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts.
44、 Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side by side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection was accompanied, and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half sleeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphi
45、ns, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep “ is just the tip of the iceberg“. He sp
46、eculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.16 A new study on birds sleep has revealed that_.（A）half brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds（B） half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves（C） birds can control their half brain sleep consciousl
47、y（D）birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest17 According to the passage, birds often half sleep because_.（A）they have to watch out for possible attacks（B） their brain hemispheres take turns to rest（C） the two halves of their brain are differently structured（D）they have to constantly
48、keep an eye on their companions18 The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that_.（A）the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread（B） birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security（C） even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security（D）a single pet bi
49、rd enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror19 While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to_.（A）alert themselves to the approaching enemy（B） emerge from water now and then to breathe（C） be sensitive to the ever-changing environment（D）avoid being swept away by rapid currents20 By “just the tip of the iceberg“(Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that_.（A）half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather（B） the mystery of half brain sl
