1、浙江专升本（英语）模拟试卷 6 及答案与解析0 It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by mem
2、ory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering“ things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he ha
3、s sniffed(嗅出)something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of
4、 a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words“string of alphabetic or numerical charactersready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amo
5、unt of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combin
6、ations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.1 Which of the following is TRUE about memory?（A）It help
7、s us perceive things happening around us every day.（B） It is based on the decisions we made in the past.（C） It is rooted in our past habits and skills.（D）It connects our past experiences with the present.2 According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that_
8、.（A）it involves a change in ones behavior（B） it keeps information for later use（C） it warns people not to do things repeatedly（D）it enables one to remember events that happened in the past3 What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?（A）Computers have better me
9、mory than a child does.（B） Computers are as intelligent as a teenager is.（C） Computers can understand as many as 100,000 words.（D）Human beings are far superior to computers.4 What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?（A）It can be expanded by language.（B） It can
10、 remember all the combined words.（C） It may keep all the information in the past.（D）It may change what has been stored in it.5 Human beings make themselves different from other animals by_.（A）having the ability to perceive danger（B） having a far greater memory capacity（C） having the ability to recog
11、nize faces and places on sight（D）having the ability to draw on past experiences5 “Family“ is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of “family“ in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living
12、 together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life.For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving ones parents and starting ones ow
13、n life. The mans first duty will then be to his wife, and the wifes to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wifes parents nor the husbands, nor
14、 their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with themthey are their own masters.Readers of novels like Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families was arranged by the girls parents, that is, it was the parents duty to f
15、ind a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in the
16、ir giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry(嫁妆). It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results: a girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.6 What does t
17、he author mean by “ Family is of course an elastic word“?（A）Different families have different ways of life.（B） Different definitions could be given to the word.（C） Different nations have different families.（D）Different times produce different families.7 For an English family, the husbands duty is_.（
18、A）supporting the family while the wifes is financial（B） defending the family while the wife is running the home（C） financial while the wife is running the home（D）independent while the wife is dependent8 Everything is decided in a family_.（A）by the couple（B） with the help of their parents（C） by broth
19、ers and sisters（D）with the help of aunts and uncles9 What is TRUE concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?（A）It is the best book on marriage.（B） It is a handbook of marriage.（C） It gives quite some ideas of English social life in the past.（D）It provides a lot of information of former time wealthy fa
20、milies.10 With regard to marriage in Britain, present day girls differ from former time girls in_.（A）the right to marry（B） more parental support（C） choosing husbands（D）social position10 Imagine, if you will, the average games player. What do you see? A guy who never grew up? Or a nervous 18-year-old
21、 pushing buttons on his controller, lost and alone in a violent onscreen world? Sorry, you lose. The average gamer is starting to look pretty much like the average person. For the first time, according to a US poll commissioned by AOL Games, roughly half of those surveyed, ages 12 to 55, are tapping
22、 away at some kind of electronic gamewhether on a PC, a cell phone or another handheld devicefor an average of three hours every week.The games people play say a lot about who they are. Machines like the Xbox and PlayStation 2 are largely the territory of twenty-something men, who prefer to picture
23、themselves as sports stars and racing drivers. Men 50 and older prefer military games. Teenage girls are much more likely than boys to play games on their phone, while older women make up the majority of people playing card games such as Hearts on line.Is it a good thing, all this time spent on game
24、s? Or is it as harmful as television, pulling people ever further from reality? The AOL survey suggests some players are in denial about the extent of their habit. One in 10 gamers find it impossible to resist games; 1 in 4 admits to losing a nights sleep to play games; and another quarter has been
25、too absorbed to have meals.But dont think were all heading into a world with everyone plugged into, if not totally controlled by, his own game. Quite the contrary: gamers appear to be more engaged with reality than other kinds of couch potatoes. According to a comprehensive survey by the Entertainme
26、nt Software Association(ESAwhose members, of course, want you to think video games are healthy), gamers spend an average of 23 hours a week volunteering and going to church, concerts, museums and other cultural events. More enthusiastic gamers who play 11 hours a week or more spend ever more time ou
27、t in the cultural world(34 hours).11 The AOL survey finds that electronic games_.（A）do not present a violent onscreen world（B） no longer keep gamers from growing up（C） are no longer exclusive to young people（D）are not as popular with teenagers as before12 Who does the author say tend to identify the
28、mselves with the characters in the game?（A）Teenage girls（B） Older women（C） Men in their 20s（D）Men 50 and older13 When asked about the extent of their habit, some players_.（A）refused to provide an answer to this question（B） denied they were affected by electronic games（C） wondered why they were asked
29、 such a question（D）stressed their interest in playing electronic games14 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）electronic games are less harmful than television（B） television viewers are more realistic than gamers（C） television is more popular than electronic games（D）gamers have less s
30、elf-control than TV viewers15 According to the writer, the ESA members_.（A）have sufficient knowledge of games（B） think their games are healthy products（C） serve as the role models for game players（D）are concerned about gamers cultural activities15 Successful innovations have driven many older techno
31、logies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy and increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use each person. The history of industrial development abo
32、unds with examples.In 1870, horses and mules were prime sources of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beingsa ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for
33、 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been “economists“ , they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists“ , they would have r
34、ecognized that the power of steam had already been used in industry and land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapi
35、dly.16 According to the passage, what supplied most of power on U. S. farms in 1870?（A）animals（B） humans（C） engineers（D）water17 Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments?（A）Older technologies dies away.（B） The quality of life is improved
36、.（C） Overall productivity increases.（D）More raw materials become necessary.18 It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870_.（A）technology began to be more economical（B） the steam engine had been invented（C） the U. S. horse population was about 10 million（D）a national commission on agriculture ha
37、d been established19 In the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists“ would _.（A）plan the economy through yearly forecasts.（B） fail to consider the influence of technological innovation.（C） value the economic contribution of farm animals.（D）consult the national commission on the econom
38、y.20 What is the authors attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovations?（A）He is excited about them.（B） He accepts them as natural.（C） He is disturbed by them.（D）He questions their usefulness.20 For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: t
39、hey must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, “ Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance(奢侈)we couldnt afford. “ With two preschool children, it so
40、on became clear in their figuring that with babysitters(临时照看小孩的人), transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the
41、decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned(被囚禁 )if they have to stay home w
42、ith a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret
43、more. I wasnt mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girls eyes.21 Which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?22 W
44、hy did Marge and her husband think it an extravagance for Marge to go back to work?23 What are the two major considerations in deciding whether women should go out to work?24 Some women would rather do housework and take care of their children than pursue a career because they feel25 If given a seco
45、nd chance, the writer would probably choose to25 Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics(抗生素)given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation o
46、f antibiotic-resistant “superbugs(超级病菌)“ The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry(泥浆). 【R1】_Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and pro
47、mote growth.【R2】_.Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains(耐药菌株)by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubend
48、orf. 【R3】_With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 【R4】_Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of
49、antibiotics called sulphonamides.【R5】_. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted(排泄)unchanged and broken down by conventional treatment.A. They dont easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm
