1、2011 年 4 月全国自考（英语国家概况）真题试卷及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 _is not a political division on the island of Great Britain. ( )（A）Ireland（B） Wales（C） England（D）Scotland2 _, King of Wessex, is known as “the father of British Navy“ who founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea. ( )（A）Alfred（B） Henry（C） Edwar
2、d（D）William3 The _ Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best known event in English history. ( )（A）Roman（B） Viking（C） Anglo-Saxon（D）Norman4 _was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas in the 14th century. ( )（A）Cholera（B） Malaria（C） Black Death（D）Yello
3、w Fever5 The name Wars of Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist _. ( )（A）Walter Scott（B） Ben Johnson（C） Francis Bacon（D）Edmund Spenser6 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated at the general election of 1945 because_. ( )（A）he did not act as a great war leader（B） he failed to
4、lead his country to victory（C） people wanted Britain to return to the politics of the 1920s and 30s（D）the Conservative Partys traditional principles seemed old-fashioned7 _ overthrew the feudal system in England and is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. ( )（A）Puritan Revolu
5、tion（B） The War of Roses（C） The English Civil War（D）The Glorious Revolution8 The British Monarchy has been in existence for more than 1,000 years going back to at least the_century. ( )（A）8th（B） 9th（C） 10th（D）11th9 In the line of succession to the throne, _ have precedence over other candidates (hei
6、rs). ( )（A）the monarchs sons（B） the queens sisters（C） the monarchs brothers（D）the queens daughters10 _is not a constitutional part of the British Parliament. ( )（A）The Cabinet（B） The Sovereign（C） The House of Lords（D）The House of Commons11 Each session of the British Parliament usually lasts for_. (
7、 )（A）one year（B） two years（C） four years（D）half a year12 In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives or more of the vote cast. ( )（A）5%（B） 10%（C） 0.15（D）0.213 Only in _ are police officers allowed to carry firearms for personal protection
8、 and for duty purposes. ( )（A）Wales（B） England（C） Scotland（D）Northern Ireland14 In Great Britain, almost of medical prescription items are supplied free. ( )（A）50%（B） 60%（C） 0.7（D）0.815 The two established churches in Britain are ( )（A）Church of England and Church of Wales（B） Church of Ireland and C
9、hurch of England（C） Church of Ireland and Church of Scotland（D）Church of England and Church of Scotland16 Full time first-degree university courses usually last _ in England. ( )（A）2 years（B） 3 years（C） 4 years（D）5 years17 _ is a “quality“ newspaper in Britain. ( )（A）The Sun（B） The Times（C） The Dail
10、y Star（D）The Daily Mirror18 The home of golf is_. ( )（A）Wales（B） England（C） Scotland（D）Northern Ireland19 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ( )（A）the Prime Minister（B） the Lord Chancellor（C） the Duke of Edinburgh（D）the Speaker of the House of Common
11、s20 _was the British Prime Minister who adopted appeasement policy to Nazi Germany during the Second World War. ( )（A）Tony Blair（B） Margaret Thatcher（C） Winston Churchill（D）Neville Chamberlain21 The percentage of immigrants in the United States varies greatly from region to region with the United St
12、ates accounting for 8% of foreign-born population in the 1980s. ( )（A）Southern（B） Northern（C） Western（D）Eastern22 In the U. S. the high birth rate during the “ baby boom“ mainly refers to the period . ( )（A）19201930（B） 19461964（C） 19721982（D）1980199023 In 1607 the first English colony in America was
13、 founded at Jamestown, . ( )（A）Maine（B） Virginia（C） Massachusetts（D）New Hampshire24 After the United States bought the _ for only $ 15 million, its territory almost doubled. ( )（A）Ohio Territory（B） Gadsden Territory（C） Louisiana Territory（D）New Mexico Territory25 When Abraham Lincoln was elected pre
14、sident, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called _. ( )（A）the Confederate Unions（B） the Federal States of America（C） the Federal Union of America（D）the Confederate States of America26 The Civil War ended with the passing of the_ to the Constitution, which banned slavery in the U
15、nited States. m ( )（A）Tenth Amendment（B） Eleventh Amendment（C） Twelfth Amendment（D）Thirteenth Amendment27 Which of the following statements is NOT a reason to explain the rapid growth of capitalism after the Civil War? ( )（A）The U. S. federal government put low taxes on foreign imports.（B） There was
16、 enough labor supply for the development of American industries.（C） Science and invention played a key role in accelerating Americas industrial development.（D）With the war over, both foreign and domestic capital became available for investment.28 The Peace Conference after World War I in 1918 was do
17、minated by the Big Four, that is ( )（A）the United States, Britain, Japan and Italy（B） the United States, Russia, France and Italy（C） the United States, Britain, France and Italy（D）the United States, Britain, France and China29 Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt is not true? (
18、 )（A）He was a great communicator.（B） He had a sure sense of what seemed practical or possible.（C） He called out the army to drive out the World War I veterans.（D）His fireside chats over the radio were listened to by millions of people.30 The incident that made the United States formally declare war
19、against the Axis Powers was . ( )（A）the Great Depression（B） the attack on the Soviet Union（C） the Japanese invasion of China（D）the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 194131 During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, President finally decided to use naval force to prevent military material and arms from going
20、into Cuba. ( )（A）Nixon（B） Johnson（C） Kennedy（D）Eisenhower32 After the Geneva Conference on Indochina in 1954, the United States replaced_as the main force in providing aid for South Vietnam. ( )（A）Japan（B） Britain（C） France（D）Turkey33 In the United States, amendments must have the approval of of the
21、 states before they enter into force. ( )（A）one-third（B） two-thirds（C） two-fifths（D）three-fourths34 The U. S. Constitution provides that the_shall be President of Senate. ( )（A）President（B） Chief Justice（C） Vice President（D）Attorney General35 In the United States,_period of the party system arose in
22、 the last years of the 18th century over the debate on the ratification of the Constitution. ( )（A）the first（B） the second（C） the third（D）the fourth36 Under the Constitution, _is the federal official primarily responsible for the relations with foreign nations. ( )（A）the president（B） the federal chi
23、ef justice（C） the Speaker of the House（D）the Senate Majority Leader37 In the U. S. , the revenues for public schools primarily come from _. ( )（A）states and localites（B） religious communities（C） state boards of education（D）federal government and states38 American higher education began with the foun
24、ding of_in 16( )（A）Yale University（B） Harvard College（C） University of Virginia（D）Princeton University39 Rip Van Winkle is a character from the famous book written by Washington Irving. ( )（A）The Sketch Book（B） The Scarlet Letter（C） A History of New York（D）Poor Richards Almanac40 Which of the follow
25、ing statements about New Years Day is NOT true? ( )（A）In the U. S. it is a nationally observed holiday.（B） It is thought of as a good time to make the New Year decisions.（C） Most people like to hold big parties and make pumpkin lanterns on that day.（D）The celebration of this holiday begins the night
26、 before-on New Years Eve.41 The Irish lowland_. ( )（A）is a rocky area（B） has many high mountains（C） is covered by green forests（D）has different landscapes from place to place42 Which of the following statements about the weather of Ireland is true? ( )（A）It has a lot of rainfall.（B） It often snows i
27、n winter.（C） It is a country of sunshine.（D）It is quite windy throughout the year.43 Today, Ireland is_. ( )（A）a colony of Great Britain（B） a free state within Great Britain（C） an independent and sovereign state（D）a member of the British commonwealth44 The city that has an ice-free harbor as Canadas
28、 major outlet to the Pacific Ocean is_. ( )（A）Ottawa（B） Quebec（C） Toronto（D）Vancouver45 Nowadays, _are the natives in Canada. ( )（A）French-speaking people（B） English-speaking people（C） the Canadian Indians and Inuit（D）the early immigrants from Europe46 Politically Australia is divided into six state
29、s and Sydney is the capital of_. ( )（A）Victoria（B） Queensland（C） South Australia（D）New South Wales47 In Australia, about a quarter of the national income is from the_ of Western Australia. ( )（A）lumbering（B） agriculture（C） shipbuilding（D）mineral export48 Earthquakes in New Zealand do not causfe many
30、 deaths because of_. ( )（A）the dormant volcanoes（B） the concrete building materials（C） the small population in many areas（D）the mild magnitude of the earthquakes49 New Zealand remains green all year round because _. ( )（A）there is enough bushes（B） the trees are deciduous（C） its native trees are ever
31、green（D）the trees can receive enough sunshine50 The reason why Maori workers moved to the cities to make a living after World War II is that . ( )（A）they lost their land（B） they learned skills during the war（C） they lost their social and cultural links（D）they regained their identity as the native pe
32、ople二、简答题51 On which day does Easter fall?52 What are the four Scottish universities established in the 14th and 15th centuries?53 What kinds of courses require five-year study in British universities?54 What was King Edward (1042-1066) known as?55 Give an example to illustrate the highly aggressive
33、 and intolerant nationalism in 1919 and 1920 in the UnitedStates.56 What was the key problem that affected the progress in U. S. -China relations from 1972 to 1979?57 What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in
34、 1863?58 What is the American tradition of laissez faire?59 What explains the absence of large forests in Australia?60 Who is the head of the Australian government?三、名词解释61 Industrial Revolution62 Bank Holiday63 Amerigo Vespucci64 Research universities2011 年 4 月全国自考（英语国家概况）真题试卷答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 A
35、【试题解析】 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain：England，Scotland and Wales大不列颠岛上有三个政区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Alfred，king of Wessex，is known as“the father of Danish Navy”who founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea阿尔佛雷德是被称为“英国海军之父”的威塞克斯国王，并曾建立了一支强大的舰队首次
36、在海上打败了丹麦人。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 The Norman Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best known event in English history英国历史上最著名的侵略事件可能是诺曼民族在 1066 年的入侵。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonicplague，an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas in the 14th century黑死病是对由老鼠身上的跳蚤传播的致命的淋巴
37、腺鼠疫引起的传染性疾病的现代称谓。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 The name Wars of the Roses was，in fact，coined by the great19th century novelist Sir Walter Scott“玫瑰战争”这个词是 19 世纪的大作家瓦尔特.司考特创造的。6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavilydefeatedThe electorate(votes)returned a Labour governmentThe
38、peoplesuffered the Blitz，evacuation，rationing and thethat meant he too wasnow past history1945 年的大选中，温斯顿.丘吉尔惨败。选民选举了工党政府。人民遭受了闪电袭击、撤离家园、定量配给和完全的技术战争，他们想把战争置之脑后，因为丘吉尔代表着战争势力，因此现在他已经成为历史。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of
39、 the feudal rule in EuropeIt is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度，而且动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。英国内战通常被看作是现代世界史的开端。8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The British Monarchy has been in existence for more than 1，000years going back to at least the 9th century英国的君主政体建立已经有一千多年的时间了，至少可以追溯到 9 世纪。9
40、 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 In the line of succession to the throne，succession is founded onthe hereditary principleSons of the Sovereign have precedence overdaughters 继位以世袭原则为基础，继承王位时君主的儿子优先于女儿。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Parliament consists of the Sovereign，the House of Lords andthe House of Commons议会由君主、上议院和下议院组成。11 【
41、正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Each usually lasts for one year-normally beginning and endingin October or November每届议会又分为几个会期，一般持续一年，通常从十月或十一月开始计算。12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 In the general election，an MP candidate must deposit 500pounds， which is returned if he or she receives 5 per cent or more of thevote cast在大选中，候选人必须交纳 5
42、00 英镑保证金，若得到投票总数 5以上的选票则可以退还。13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 In Northern Ireland police officers are issued with firearms forpersonal protection and other firearms are available for duty purposes在北爱尔兰，警察带枪作为个人保护之用，执行任务时再发给其他武器。14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 In Great Britain，almost 80 per cent of medical prescriptionitems are
43、supplied free在英国，药单上的药品约 80免费供应。15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 There are two established churches in Britain：in England theChurch of England，and in Scotland the Church of Scotland英国有两大国教：在英格兰是英格兰国教，在苏格兰是苏格兰教会。16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 First degree courses are mainly full time and usually last 3years in England第一学位的课程主要是
44、全日制的，通常学制为 3 年。17 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 There are 5 quality dailies involving Financial TimesThe Daily Telegraph，The Guardian ，The Independent，and the Times有 5 份严肃报金融时报、每日电报、卫报、独立报、泰晤士报。18 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The home of golf is Scotland where the game has been playedsince the 17th century and naturally the old
45、est golf club in the world高尔夫球的故里是苏格兰，自从 17 世纪以来那儿就很盛行这项运动，全世界最古老的高尔夫俱乐部爱丁堡高尔夫球会员荣誉公司自然也在那里。19 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendationof the Prime Minister女王根据首相推荐任命大臣。20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Chamberlain，who found that his policy of appeasement of German aggression was no
46、 longer tenable，was forced to declare war on Ger-many on September 3张伯伦发现他的绥靖政策已站不住脚，只得于 9 月 3 日对德宣战。21 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 In the Western United States，148of the population is foreign-born美国西部，国外出生的人口占 148。22 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 In the Usthe higher birth rate during the“baby boom”(1946 1964)美国的生育高峰期为 1946 年至
47、 1964 年，出生率比较高。23 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown，Virginia，in l607美洲的第一块英国殖民地建立于 1607 年弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯镇。24 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Their crossing of the Mississippi in the 1790s helped persuadeNapoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States for only 15m
48、illion dollars十八世纪九十年代，美国人越过了密西西比河，这促使拿破仑以 1500 万美元的价格把路易斯安那地区卖给了美国。25 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 When Abraham Lincoln was elected president，the southernstates broke away and formed a new nation，the Confederate States ofAmerica亚伯拉罕.林肯当选总统后，南方诸州退出了联邦，成立了一个新的国家美利坚联盟。26 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Robert ELee surrendered on Ap
49、ril 9，1865The war that costAmerica 618，000 lives was over The Thirteenth Amendment，whichbanned slavery，was added to the Constitution in December，18651865 年 4 月 9 日，罗伯特.李投降。这场牺牲了 618 万美国人的战争结束了。并于 1865 年 12 月，禁止奴隶制的第十三条修正案写入了美国宪法。27 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports联邦政府对外国的进口产品征收高额关税，从而鼓励美国人购买本国生产的商品。28 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The
