[自考类试卷]全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷4及答案与解析.doc

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1、全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in_. ( )(A)1840(B) 1913(C) 1931(D)19452 The Romans built two walls to keep the picts out of the area they had conquered. The two walls were called

2、_ and_. ( )(A)the pictsWall, Celts Wall(B) the Hadrians Wall,the Antonine Wall(C) Britains Wall, Scotlands Wall(D)Roman Wall, JuliusWall3 _ is known as“the father of the British navy“. ( )(A)Edward(B) William the Conqueror(C) Oliver Cromwell(D)Alfred4 Which of the following kings was responsible for

3、 the complete establishment of the feudal system in England? ( )(A)Edward I.(B) Henry II.(C) Alfred the Great.(D)William the Conqueror.5 Magna Carta was signed in_ at a conference at _. ( )(A)1066, Runnymede(B) 1215, Windsor(C) 1215, Oxford(D)1215, Runnymede6 In the Hundred Years War started in_ and

4、 was ended in_, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of . ( )(A)1337, 1453, Flanders(B) 1337, 1453, Calais(C) 1346, 1453, Argencourt(D)1346, 1453, Brest7 Which of the following is not true about the result of the Black Death? ( )(A)Much land was left unt

5、ended.(B) There was a terrible shortage of labour.(C) The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining.(D)Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming.8 In foreign affairs, Henry VIII was aided by_, Archbishop and Lord Chancellor. ( )(A)Thomas More(B) Thomas Becket(C) Thomas Wol

6、sey(D)Martin Luther9 Which of the following statements is not true about Elizabeth I? ( )(A)Elizabeth I broke Marys ties with Rome.(B) Elizabeth I restored her fathers independent Church of England.(C) Elizabeth Is religious reform was a compromise of views.(D)Elizabeth Is religious settlement was a

7、cceptable to both extreme protestants and ardent Catholics.10 The word Renaissance is from , meaning “rebirth“, and was first applied by the_ historian Jakob Burckhardt in 18( )(A)English, Swiss(B) French, Italian(C) French, Swiss(D)English, Italian11 The puritans were mainly from the_. ( )(A)rich f

8、armers(B) big landowners(C) big merchants(D)the urban middle classes12 After the Glorious Revolution came the Age of , a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament. ( )(A)the Commonwealth(B) the Federal Republic(C) the Constitutional Monarchy(D)the special monarchy13 In the late 18th and early 19th

9、centuries Radicals were active in English Parliament spreading radical ideas whose common aim was thorough reform of the . ( )(A)political System(B) religious system(C) Parliamentary system(D)hereditary monarchy14 The refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and e

10、conomic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. ( )(A)Urbanization(B) Economic Boom(C) Glorious Revolution(D)Industrial Revolution15 In January, 1973, Britain finally became a full member of the _, which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 19( )(A)Organization of Econ

11、omic Cooperation and Development(B) Organization of European Development(C) European Economic Community(D)European Union16 The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in ( )(A)the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons(B) the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords(C) t

12、he Queen, the House of Commons(D)the Queen, the House of Lords17 The great majority of the draft Acts of Parliament in Britain are Government measures introduced by_. ( )(A)a Minister(B) individual members on their own initiative(C) the Members of Parliament of the Opposition party (D)the Members of

13、 Parliament of the ruling party18 The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship, as laid down in _ without the consent of Parliament. ( )(A)the Bill of Rights(B) the Provisions of Oxford(C) the Constitutions of Clarendon(D)the Book of Common Prayer19 Bank holidays in Britain refer

14、to_. ( )(A)official public holidays(B) holidays for the banks only(C) public holidays except for the banks(D)holidays for the financial institutions only20 About 90% of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends_. ( )(A)independent school(B) public school(C) grammar school(D)comp

15、rehensive school21 Which is not the popular Sundays? ( )(A)News of the World.(B) The Sun.(C) The people.(D)Sunday Mirror.22 Although tennis has been played for centuries, the modern game originated in_in the late 19 th century. ( )(A)Scotland(B) England(C) Ireland(D)Wales23 The central plain area of

16、 Ireland is characterized by many lakes,_ and low ridges. ( )(A)bogs(wet area)(B) rapid streams(C) small islands(D)high cliffs24 Irish is a_language. ( )(A)Anglo-Saxon(B) Celtic(C) Latin(D)Greek25 Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in _. ( )(A)1492(B) 1607(C) 1733(D)175026 The three well-

17、known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are_. ( )(A)Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay(B) George Washington, James Madison and John Jay(C) Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay(D)Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams27 The implication of the “Manifest Destiny“ is

18、_. ( )(A)the legitimacy of American territorial expansion and American obligation of the spread of American value and institution(B) the legitimacy of the westward movement(C) the Americans were doing the Lords work in spreading American democracy to other places(D)All of the above28 After the Civil

19、 War, monopoly by big business became a strong trend in the American economy. Among the following individuals,_was not a big business dominator. ( )(A)John(B) John Wilkes Booth(C) J. P. Morgan(D)du Pont29 President Wilsons reform program was known as _. ( )(A)New Deal(B) Reformation(C) New Freedom(D

20、)Antitrust Act30 The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of_. ( )(A)religious intolerance(B) intolerant nationalism(C) Progressive Movement(D)deregulation of big trusts31 In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was _. ( )(A)expansionist(B) involvement(C) appeasement(D)isolationi

21、st32 The ratification of_ marked the beginning of U. S. efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies. ( )(A)the North Atlantic Treaty(B) GATT(C) the Treaty of paris(D)the oslo Agreement33 After the Watergate scandal happened in 1972, the President had to resign. H

22、e is the first president to do so in the U. S. history. ( )(A)Ronald Reagan(B) Harry Truman(C) John F. Kennedy(D)Richard Nixon34 In the postwar years government involvement was emphasized when the U. S. adopted_theory in running the economy. ( )(A)monetarist(B) Keynesian(C) McCarthyism(D)New Freedom

23、35 The President _ once admitted that one third of the people of U. S. went to bed hungry. ( )(A)Kennedy(B) Johnson(C) Nixon(D)Reagan36 The safeguards against misuse of powers come in the form of_. ( )(A)separation of powers(B) executive orders(C) presidential elections(D)party political37 The highe

24、st duty of the U. S. President is_. ( )(A)execution(B) legislative(C) judicial(D)law-making38 In 1992, _tried to run for the President as an independent candidate and he gained 19% of votes. ( )(A)Bill Clinton(B) Bob Dole(C) Ross Perot(D)George Bush39 The system of higher education in the U. S. has

25、three principal functions except_. ( )(A)teaching(B) research(C) public service(D)individual service40 Which of the following statements about New Years Day is not true? ( )(A)In the U. S. it is a nationally observed holiday.(B) It is thought of as a good time to make the New Year decision.(C) Most

26、people like to hold big parties and make pumpkin lanterns on that day.(D)The celebration of this holiday begins the night before-on New Years Eve.41 Which of the following is not true about the Independence Day? ( )(A)It is Americas most important patriotic holiday,the birthday of the nation.(B) Som

27、e people bring their children to visit the birthplace of the nationBoston.(C) The Army fires a thirteen-gun salute every year.(D)The president traditionally holds a large national banquet.42 _takes up four-fifths of Canada. ( )(A)Atlantic provinces(B) the Canadian Shield(C) Northern provinces and te

28、rritories(D)British Columbia43 Nowadays, are the native in Canada. ( )(A)French-speaking people(B) English-speaking people(C) the Canadian Indian Inuit(D)the early immigrants from Europe44 Which of the following best describes the result of Canadian governments long-held policy of assimilation? ( )(

29、A)It won a popular support across the country.(B) It proved to be a great success.(C) It failed in achieving the desired effect.(D)It brought disastrous effect to the Canadian society.45 Which of the following statements is not true about the composition of Australias population? ( )(A)The Aborigina

30、l and Torres Strait Islander people account for only 1. 5% of the total.(B) The Australian population is mainly of British descent.(C) The Australian population is made up of the Aboriginal people, the British immigrants and their descendants.(D)The majority of the Australian people are immigrants f

31、rom many countries and their descendants.46 The Australian political division borders are drawn _. ( )(A)along straight lines of latitude and longitude(B) along rivers and forests(C) along mountain ranges(D)along natural features47 The size of New Zealand is similar to . ( )(A)Britain or Canada(B) C

32、anada or Australia(C) Britain or Japan(D)Australia or U. S.A.48 The largest lake in New Zealand is_. ( )(A)Lake Eric(B) Lake Michigan(C) Lake Taupo(D)Lake Superior49 The first British settlers came to New Zealand in 1840 through , and they hoped to start model colonies by planned migration. ( )(A)th

33、e New Zealand Company(B) the British East India Company(C) a private immigration agency(D)the Dutch East India Company50 In Second World War, a very high proportion of Maoris men fought with distinction in_and_. ( )(A)North Africa, Southern Europe(B) North Europe, Southern Africa(C) North Africa, No

34、rthern Europe(D)South Africa, Southern Europe二、简答题51 What is the significance of the Norman Conquest?52 How do you describe the relationship between Elizabeth I and Parliament?53 What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century?54 What is the House of Lords made up of?55 What are the three mai

35、n Christian festivals in the U.K.?56 What international influence did the American War of Independence have?57 What were American wartime objectives during the Second World War?58 What problems are facing the U. S. economy?59 Who was the only writer in colonial period whose work are still read today

36、?60 How is Australia divided geographically?三、名词解释61 William the Conqueror62 the Industrial Revolution63 the Bill of Rights64 Two-Party System of USA全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷 4 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 英帝国逐渐消失,并被英联邦所替代是在 1931 年。2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 公元 2 世纪,罗马人从北部撤军,并修筑两条长城,把皮克特人因其在脸上涂绘而得名挡在已征服的地区之外。一条是从卡莱尔到纽

37、卡斯尔的哈德利安长城,另一条是连接福斯河口和克莱德河口的安东尼长城。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 阿尔弗雷德被称为“英国海军之父”,因为他建立的强大舰队先是在海战中打败了丹麦人,后又保护海岸并促进贸易。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 在威廉统治下,英国的封建制度得以完全确立。根据此制度,国王个人拥有全国所有土地。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1215 年夏天,在离温莎城堡四英里之外的泰晤士河下游的兰尼米德岛上举行了会议,贵族代表团把他们的宪章后被称为大宪章递交给国王和他的顾问们。1215 年 6 月 19 日,国王极不情愿地在大宪章上盖上印鉴。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 英法百

38、年战争发生在 13371453 年,到 1453 年只有加来港还被英军占领。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远。鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏,选项 A 和 B 表述正确。地主只得把耕地改成对人力需求较少的牧场,选项 D 表述正确。幸存的农民处于有利的地位,可以讨价还价,他们从农奴变成了雇佣劳动力,选项 C 表述错误。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 在外交事务方面,亨利八世得到大主教兼枢密大臣托马斯.沃尔西的帮助。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 伊丽莎白的宗教改革是各种观点的妥协。她中断了玛丽女王与罗马建立的关系,恢复了她父亲建立的独立的英格兰教会

39、,也就是说她保持天主教的教条及做法,但不受教皇控制。伊丽莎白希望英国人“对国教应有表面的顺从,但观点应该是自由的”。她的宗教和解政策既不被极端的清教徒所接受,也不为虔诚的天主教徒所接受。10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文艺复兴一词出于法语,意为“重生”,1860 年瑞士历史学家雅各布.布尔在哈特城首次使用。11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 清教徒革命是城市中产阶级的经济利益与皇室传统经济利益之间的冲突。城市中产阶级经济利益刚好与清教徒的思想吻合。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 威廉和玛丽接受权利法案(1689 年)后,在威斯敏斯特教堂被共同加冕为王。从此,议会限制王权的君主立宪制时代

40、开始了。13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 议会中的激进派分子认为,只有彻底的改革才能解决根本问题。他们占少数,但在 18 世纪末、19 世纪初非常活跃,广泛散播激进观点。其一个共同目标是彻底改革议会制度。14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 工业革命指的是 18 世纪末、19 世纪初英国工业的机械化,以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 1973 年 1 月,英国成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国。16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 女王任命首相。根据现代惯例,首相必须是下议院议员。17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 大多数议案(议会法律草案)是关于公共政策

41、。其中绝大部分是大臣提出的政府议案。18 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 没有议会同意,英格兰教会不可随意改变国教祈祷书中规定的礼拜仪式。19 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 官方公假也称为“银行假日”。“银行假日”这个词可追溯到 1871 年的法定假日法,因在规定日子里银行关门而得名。20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 在大不列颠,约 90的公立中学学生上的是综合学校。21 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 英国的 3 份通俗星期日报是世界新闻报、星期日镜报和人民报。B 项太阳报属通俗日报。22 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 虽然网球已打了好几个世纪,但现代比赛却起源于 19 世纪末的英格兰。23

42、【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 爱尔兰中部平原地区的特征是多湖泊、沼泽和较低山岭。24 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 爱尔兰语是一种凯尔特语。25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 1492 年,意大利海员克里斯托夫.哥伦布率船员横渡大洋来到现在的西印度洋的一些小岛上。他认为自己已经到了印度,而并不知道他已经发现了一个新大陆。26 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从 1787 年 10 月 27 日开始,纽约市的报纸上不断地刊登出致公众信,共有 85 封。署名皆为帕伯里亚。后来人们得知这些信是亚历山大.汉密尔顿、詹姆斯.麦迪逊和约翰.杰伊写的,这些信被称为联邦文集。联邦文集被认为是对宪法的最好的解释,

43、也是最重要的政治理论著作之一。27 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 天定命运论有三重含义:(1)美利坚合众国的成立是不可避免的。(2)美国领土扩张是合法的。(3) 传播美国民主是上帝挑选美国人去完成上帝交给的任务。28 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 内战之后,生产和资本越来越集中。大企业被少数几个著名的人物控制,如约翰.洛克菲勒,摩根和杜邦等。29 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 威尔逊总统的改革项目以“新自由主义”而闻名。30 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 战争时期,国家需要爱国主义和一致性。战争结束后,有一段时期,存在一股有很大侵略性和偏执性的民族主义。这种偏执性的一个典型例子就是1919 年

44、到 1920 年的“红色恐惧”。31 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 20 世纪 30 年代早期,美国奉行孤立主义的外交政策。32 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 1949 年 4 月 4 日签订的北大西洋公约规定,对缔约国中任何一国的攻击将被视为对所有缔约国的攻击,如果必要的话,将使用武力来恢复和维持和平与安全。美国对条约的批准标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立军事同盟。33 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1972 年水门事件后,尼克松被迫辞职,成为美国历史上第一位辞职的总统。34 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 二战后,一段时间,美国采用凯恩斯理论管理经济,再次强调政府干预。35 【正确

45、答案】 A【试题解析】 美国总统肯尼迪曾经承认过,美国有 13 的人口饿着肚子去睡觉。36 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 宪法的制定者们想确保新政府不滥用自己的权力。如果新联邦政府要强有力,就必须有保证措施,这种保证措施以分权制的形式出现。37 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 总统的最高职责是执行或贯彻法律。38 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 1992 年,独立候选人罗斯.佩罗试图竞选总统并获得了 19的选票,但是在竞选接近尾声时,他突然退出。39 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 美国的高等教育有三种主要职能:教学、研究和公众服务。40 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据教材 Most peopl

46、e like to hold big parties at private homes or goand dance,C 项中提到的“make pumpkin lanterns”(制作南瓜灯)是Halloween(万圣节 )特有的活动。41 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 独立纪念日是全美国的法定假日,是美国最重要的爱国假日,是国家的生日。军队每年放十三响礼炮来庆祝这个日子。在华盛顿特区,依传统,总统敞开白宫大门,举行盛大国宴。还有许多人将他们的孩子带来参观国家的诞生地费城。42 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 光秃秃的、人烟稀少的加拿大北部地区占整个国土的 45。它包括育空领地、西北领地、大草原

47、省区北部、安大略省北部、魁北克省北部和整个拉布拉多省。43 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 大多数加拿大人是英国血统和法国血统,本土人是爱斯基摩人,或称为因纽特人(Inuit)和印第安人(Indians)。44 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 长期以来加拿大政府力求找到一个能使民族同化的政策,但未实现。45 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 现在土著人和托雷斯海峡岛上居民大约共有 25 万,约占澳大利亚人口的 15。绝大多数人是来自 30 多个国家的移民或他们的后代子孙。虽然澳大利亚人是许多民族的后裔,但英国的影响最大,因为澳大利亚是英国的殖民地,澳大利亚人口现在仍然主要是英国人的后裔。46 【正确答

48、案】 A【试题解析】 澳大利亚的政治区划的边界是沿经纬度的直线,而不是沿自然特征划分。47 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 新西兰的面积与英国或日本相近。48 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 陶波湖是新西兰最大的湖,但在南岛有许多山区湖泊。49 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第一批英国移民是 1840 年由新西兰公司运进来的,这是一个由爱德华.西伯恩.卫科费尔德和其他一些人在英国组建的公司,他们希望通过有计划的迁移创办出模范殖民地。50 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第二次世界大战期间,很大一部分毛利族男人自愿参加了毛利营,并在北非和南欧取得了卓越战绩。二、简答题51 【正确答案】 The Nor

49、man Conquest ended the English history of being invaded. 52 【正确答案】 Elizabeth was able to work with Parliament, but her relationship with Parliament was often turbulent. 53 【正确答案】 Whigs stood for a reduction in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers. 54 【正确答案】 It is made up of the Lords Spirit

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