1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 43 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 American SportsThe United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is foun
2、d; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators really exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throu
3、ghout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球).Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more th
4、an 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and
5、 they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football beca
6、use it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call
7、themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys (骑师) who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do not “assemble“ (聚集)primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gamb
8、ling is the attraction of horse racing.1 Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given2 The professional baseball teams play baseball from spring to fall.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given3 Baseball shares many features with the English game of cric
9、ket.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given4 Football can be classified as a spectator sport.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given5 Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given6 Nation-wide university basket
10、ball matches are held yearly in the US.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given7 Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given8 Most sports are played in all seasons.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given9 Boxing is a specta
11、tor sport.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given10 Football is the most popular sport in the US.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 Cells and TemperatureCells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme (酶) systems
12、 of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37 ; a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolera
13、nce for changes of bodily temperature.For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the
14、 old division into “warm-blooded“ and “cold-blooded“ species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds, whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana (鬣蜥)each cold-bl
15、oodedusually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homotherms (同温动物) ,and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikil
16、otherms (变温动物). But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their
17、body temperatures remain constant.The current distinction is between animals whose body temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms (恒温动物) ,and the
18、 latter are called ecto-therms (外温动物).Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperature, and they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable envi
19、ronments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of internal adjustments. 11 The passage mainly discusses_.（A）body temperatures of various animals（B） the newest research on measuring temperature（C） methods of temperature reduction（D）the classification of animals by temper
20、ature regulation12 Which of the following terms refers primarily to mammals and birds?（A）Warm-blooded.（B） Ectothermic.（C） Cold-blooded. D, Poikilothermic.13 In general, the temperature of endotherms is regulated _.（A）consciously（B） internally（C） inadequately（D）environmentally14 According to the pass
21、age, the chief way in which ectotherms regulate their temperature is by_.（A）seeking out appropriate locations（B） hibernating part of the year（C） staying in deep water（D）triggering certain metabolic processes15 According to the passage, human beings mainly regulate their body temperatures by_.（A）choo
22、sing favorable environments（B） internal metabolic processes（C） eating more food（D）doing physical exercises三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 The Weight ExperimentNicola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a “calorimete
23、r“ (热量测量室) is one way to find out.The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One“ and “Chamber Two“. These are the calorimeters: 4 m by 2 m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads “Please do not enterwork in progr
24、ess“ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have sp
25、ent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness program. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunte
26、ers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calor
27、imeter at 8:30a. m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were
28、taken for analysis.The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,“ says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for
29、 half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didnt go too fast.It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages pe
30、ople to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.A. What does the Calorimeter Look Like Inside?B. What Program Was Designed for the Experiment?C. What Is a Calorimeter?D. Try to Find out
31、 Why People (rain and Lose WeightE. How do the Volunteers Kill the Time?F. Why did Nicola Join in the Experiments?16 Paragraph 17 Paragraph 18 Paragraph 19 Paragraph 20 Paragraph 20 A. the volunteers doB. to support their further sessions of experimentC. because the life there can be very boringD. m
32、ake people overeatE. because she was her own bossF. after passing a high-protein test21 The machinery outside the calorimeters records every thing_.22 Nicola Waiters had time for the experiments_.23 Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter_.24 The experiments show that high-fa
33、t diets_.25 It seems Nicola will continue_.四、填句补文25 Endangered Species Reading: Polar Bear Makes the ListIn Spring 2008, the polar bear was placed on the endangered species list. According to the Endangered Species Act, an endangered species is an animal that is likely to face extinction in its natu
34、ral habitat.【T1】_ The ESA defines a threatened species as one that is likely to become “endangered“ in the foreseeable future.The polar bear is the first animal that has been classified as endangered due primarily to global warming.【T2】_ Heating homes, driving cars, and burning garbage all require f
35、ossil fuels that lead to global warming.The polar bears habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species. Polar bears live mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic.【T3】_ When the ice melts many polar bears move to land and live off their stored fat. In the Arctic, global warming is ca
36、using the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly later. This results in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear. Some risk their lives to find ice. If they have to swim too far they will drown from exhaustion and hunger.【T4】_ Every species of plant, animal, and insect there is threatened
37、 by global warming. Nevertheless, environmentalist groups such as the World Wildlife Fund often study large carnivores in order to assess the health of an ecosystem (生态系统).【T5 】_ In addition, donations are more commonly offered for the protection of large animals such as bears or elephants. People i
38、n general are less interested in conservation efforts that protect small wildlife, such as plants or insects. However, by using donor money to protect the habitat of the larger animals (ex. reforestation programs), entire ecosystems can be protected.It is important that animals such as the polar bea
39、r make it onto the endangered species list.Once they are on the list there are laws that protect these animals from being hunted for food or sport. Agencies also receive money and tools to protect the habitat and recover the species. The goal of removing the animal from the list is often achievable.
40、 In fact, it is rare for a species to go extinct after they make the list. Sadly many species do go extinct while waiting for consideration.A. But adding polar bears to the nations list of endangered species, as some are now proposing, should not be part of those efforts.B. Global warming is caused
41、by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere.C. The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear.D. It is not only the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic.E. This is where they hunt for fish and build up fat reserves.F. Polar bears have been categorized as a
42、“threatened“ species.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 SupermarketMost supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop. There are usually two doors, one as an entrance and the other as an【B1】_ . The rest of the side facing the stre
43、et is largely of plate glass, with goods or advertising material displayed. The other three walls are【B2】_ decorated in light colors, giving an【B3】_ of cleanliness and brightness.At right angles to the window stretch long structures about six feet【B4】_ with a number of shelves on each side. Similar
44、shelf units or frozen food containers extend round the walls. Broad aisles (Mitt) between the shelf units and ample (足够的) space between them and the window and also the far wall【B5】_ room for the circulation of many people.【B6】_ commodities (商品) , in tins, bags, boxes or other containers, are stacke
45、d (堆放) in groups on the shelves, and each group is【B7】_ with a price ticket. Metal baskets near the entrance are taken by the shoppers who collect the goods that they【 B8】_ from the shelves.Between the shelf units and the windows are a number of small corners about three feet high. Beside each【B9】_
46、a cashier, who operates a machine for the totaling cost of each customers purchases. The customer places the basket at one end of the counter so that it can be emptied by the cashier who records the price of the commodities one by one, before putting each on a moving section of the counter top. The
47、cashier finally hands a printed slip recording all prices to the【 B10】_ , who pays the total, collects the bag and leaves.A. sitsB. highC. exitD. customerE. variousF. smallG. tallH. normallyI. allowJ. impressionK. labeledL. select31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9
48、 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 How do Americans Spend Their Free Time?Americans spend their free time in【C1】_ (variety) ways. People enjoy building things and【C2】_ (sew) their own clothes. They do these things for fun and for【C3】_ (economic). 25 million adults continue their education,【C4】_ (chief) by going to
49、 school in the evening at their own【C5】_ (expensive). Americans also devote a lot of their time to the needs of their communities, often without any pay. Why do they do it?There are several answers. The idea of【C6】_ (cooperate) and sharing responsibility with one another for the benefit of all is as old as the country itself. When the country was first【C7】_ (found) in 1776,it was necessary for the settlers to wor
