1、 This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truck and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. Ga42001 International Truck and Engine Corporation. OCTOBER 2001 Page 1 of 2
2、1 INTERNATIONAL TRUCK AND ENGINE CORPORATION. CEMS (CORPORATE ENGINEERING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION)NUMBER: CEMS AT-3 TITLE: Method Of Calculating DIB And DICFor Heat Treatable Steels CURRENT ISSUE DATE: October 2001 WRITTEN/REVIEWED BY: Materials Engineering APPROVED BY: Materials Engineering SUPERSED
3、ES ISSUE OF: July 1999 PRINTED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE VERIFIED FOR CURRENT REVISION This specification may involve hazardous materials, equipment, and procedures. This specification does not purport to address all of the safety issues associated with its use. The user is responsible to cons
4、ult appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limits prior to use. Change Notice: Editorial Changes 1.0 SCOPE This method covers a procedure for calculating minimum, mean, and maximum ideal critical diameters (DI) for base chemical composition (DIB) and
5、 for the case chemical composition DICof wrought and cast heat treatable steels. The calculated values of D are intended to serve as a guide to the range of hardenability that can be expected for a grade or family of steels. Steels without standard hardenability (H) bands can therefore be compared t
6、o those with H bands. 1.1 The calculated DIs are not intended to mean that a DIvalue for a particular heat of steel will never exceed the stated minimum or maximum, but that most of the time the DIwill fall within the stated DI range. Calculated DIs are normally used only for comparative purposes bu
7、t they may also be used for calculating hardenability bands. 2.0 PROCEDURE The DIBis defined as the diameter of a steel bar that will have a 50 percent martensitic structure at the center when quenched in an ideal quench. The DICis a calculated measure of hardenability. It is defined in terms of a d
8、istance rather than a diameter. This distance is that location from the quenched end of a 1% carbon carburized Jominy Bar to 10% non-martensitic transformation product. 2.1 Both the DIBand D IC can be calculated from the chemical analysis and grain size of the steel. The procedure consists of multip
9、lying the carbon hardenability factor by a factor for the percent of each alloying element. For DICcalculations a 1.00% carbon factor is used. Table II and III in this specification list the logarithms of the various multiplying factors so that only additions are needed to obtain the sum of the hard
10、enability characteristics. Table IV is then used to convert this sum to either DIB or DICvalues. 2.2 When calculating the minimum, mean and maximum DIB and minimum DIC for any grade of steel, with a given chemistry range, the calculation procedure shown in Table I applies (procedure applies to the s
11、tandard chemical composition range, not the H steel composition, see example page 2). This procedure does not apply to the carbon-manganese-boron steels. The carbon-boron steels use the full standard chemical composition range instead of the + 25% range. 2.3 Example 94B17 H 2.3.1 H Steel chemical co
12、mposition: 0.14-0.20% carbon; 0.70-1.055 manganese; 0.15-0.35% silicon; 0.25-0.65% nickel; 0.25 - 0.55% chromium; 0.08-0.15% molybdenum; 0.0005% minimum boron. 2.3.2 Standard steel chemical composition: 0.15-0.20% carbon; 0.75-1.00% manganese; 0.15-0.35% silicon; 0.30-0.60% nickel; 0.30-0.50% chromi
13、um; 0.08-0.15% molybdenum; 0.0005% min boron. NUMBER: CEMS AT-3 TITLE: Method of Calculating DIB AND DIC For Heat Treatable SteelsCURRENT ISSUE DATE: October 2001 This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truvk and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from
14、Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. Ga42001 International Truck and Engine Corporation. OCTOBER 2001 Page 2 of 21 Table I Procedure for DI Calculation DIB (Base) DIC(Case) Minimum Mean Maximum Minimum Element % of Element Used For DI Calculation Fact
15、ors* Carbon Minimum of Specified Range Mean of Specified Range Maximum of Specified Range 1.00 Alloying Element (Except Boron) Minimum Specified + 25% of Range Minimum Specified +50% of Range Maximum Specified -25% of Range Minimum Specified + 25% of RangeBoron (Based On Carbon Level) Factor For Min
16、imum of Specified Carbon Range Factor for Mean of Specified Carbon Range Factor for Maximum of Specified Carbon Range Not Applicable Residuals* : Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 * Residual alloy contents are used where nickel, chromium, and/or m
17、olybdenum contents are not known or not specified. Values listed are typical for a low residual mill. * Composition for DIB and DICcalculations will be in increments of 0.01%. The rounding procedure will as be shown in the following example: Example: Manganese 0.75 1.05% Minimum 0.75 + 0.075 = 0.825
18、 use 0.82% Mean 0.75 + 0.15 = 0.90 use 0.90% Maximum 1.05 0.075 = 0.975 use 0.98% 2.3.3 Minimum DIB use: 0.15% carbon; 0.81% manganese; 0.20% silicon; 0.37% nickel; 0.355 chromium; 0.11% molybdenum; boron factor for 0.15% carbon. 2.3.4 Mean DIBuse 0.17% carbon; 0.87% manganese; 0.25% silicon; 0.45%
19、nickel; 0.40% chromium; 0.11% molybdenum; boron factor for 0.17% carbon. 2.3.5 Maximum DIB use: 0.20% carbon; 0.94% manganese; 0.30% silicon; 0.45% nickel; 0.40 chromium; 0.11% molybdenum; boron factor for 0.20% carbon. 2.3.6 Minimum DICuse: 1.00% carbon; 0.81% manganese; 0.20% silicon; 0.37% nickel
20、 0.35% chromium; 0.10% molybdenum. 2.4 Sample Calculation; 94B17H, Minimum DIBand DIC . Analysis DIBFactors DICFactors Base Carbon 0.15% 0.5185 Case Carbon 1.00% 0.9191 Manganese 0.81% 0.3620 0.2350 Silicon 0.20% 0.000 0.0569 Nickel 0.37% 0.0457 0.0500 Chromium 0.35% 0.0899 0.1492 Molybdenum 0.10%
21、0.0453 0.1038 Boron 0.0005% 0.3096 Sum 1.3710 1.514 Inches 2.35 3.25 DI Millimeters 59.7 82.6 NUMBER: CEMS AT-3 TITLE: Method of Calculating DIB AND DIC For Heat Treatable SteelsCURRENT ISSUE DATE: October 2001 This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truvk and Engine Co
22、rporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. Ga42001 International Truck and Engine Corporation. OCTOBER 2001 Page 3 of 21 3.0 STANDARD CALCULATION TABLES FOR DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL DIAMETERS The base and
23、 case hardenability factorslisted in Tables II and III, respectively, will be considered as the Companys standard means for calculating the ideal critical diameters DIB and DIC , respectively, which may be used as a basis for hardenability calculations when comparing different grades of steel. 3.1 T
24、he carbon factor for DIB calculations are shown in Table II. For purposes of standardization in comparing different grades of steel, the carbon factors shown for Grain Size No. 7 are used in DIB calculations. 3.2 The alloy DIB factors listed herein are for manganese, silicon, nickel, copper (assumed
25、 the same as nickel), chromium, molybdenum and boron. There are single alloy and multialloy DIBfactors for molybdenum, because of alloy interactions. Multialloy molybdenum factors are used instead of single alloy factors for steels with a 0.75% minimum nickel and 0.25% minimum molybdenum in combinat
26、ion. Boron hardenability factors are a function of carbon content.3.3 The carbon factors for DIC calculations are the carbon factors shown in Table III. For purposes of standardization in comparing different grades of steel, the factor for 1.00% carbon is used for DIC calculations. 3.4 The alloy DIC
27、 factors listed herein are for manganese, silicon, nickel, copper (assumed the same as nickel), chromium and molybdenum. There are single alloy and multialloy factors for silicon. Multialloy silicon DIC factors are used for steels with 1.00% minimum or greater nickel and 0.15% minimum molybdenum in
28、combination. DIC calculations are based on direct quenching. If reheating and quenching are employed, additional alloy interactions occur and the factors listed in Table III are not applicable. 3.5 Calculated values of DIB and DIC for some standard North American and Overseas steels are listed in Ta
29、bles V and VI. These calculated values are based on the corresponding standard chemical composition ranges for each grade listed. 3.6 Correlations of these calculated DIB and DIC values with actual hardenability data developed for “H” band steels is well established for North American grades. The fa
30、ctors listed in Tables II and III have been based on this relationship. The correlation for Overseas steels however may not be as accurate. In developing “H” band steels overseas, the techniques of expanding on standard steel chemistry ranges differs from the methods of North America. The procedures
31、 used for North American Grades are consistent and uniform, while overseas adjustments tend to be nonuniform with variations from grade to grade. Overseas methods also vary with each country. Calculated DIB and DICvalues listed in Table VI for Overseas steels are therefore considered as estimates wi
32、th maximum confidence on the mean DIBs. Reference: “Design Data for the CHAT Analysis of Steels,” ER Report No. 89, June 1972; and “Modifications to ER Report No. 89,” June, 1973. NUMBER: CEMS AT-3 TITLE: Method of Calculating DIB AND DIC For Heat Treatable SteelsCURRENT ISSUE DATE: October 2001 Thi
33、s document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truvk and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. Ga42001 International Truck and Engine Corporation. OCTOBER 2001 Page 4 of 21 TA
34、BLE II LOGARITHMS OF HARDENABILITY FACTORS FOR CALCULATION OF BASE IDEAL CRITICAL DIAMETERS, DIB,from CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONCarbon Factors ASTM Grain Size Number % Carbon 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8* 9 . 10 . 0.10* 0.4265 0.11* 0.4472 0.12* 0.4669 0.13* 0.4814 0.14* 0.4997 0.15* 0.5911 0.5563 0.5237 0.5185 0.46
35、98 0.4362 0.4014 0.16* 0.6082 0.5737 0.5425 0.5289 0.4883 0.4547 0.4218 0.17* 0.6253 0.5911 0.5613 0.5391 0.5068 0.4732 0.4422 0.18* 0.6424 0.6085 0.5801 0.5465 0.5253 0.4917 0.4626 0.19* 0.6595 0.6259 0.5989 0.5575 0.5438 0.5102 0.4830 0.20 0.6767 0.6435 0.6180 0.5682 0.5623 0.5289 0.5038 0.21 0.69
36、02 0.6576 0.6319 0.5911 0.5755 0.5435 0.5171 0.22 0.7037 0.6717 0.6458 0.6129 0.5887 0.5581 0.5304 0.23 0.7172 0.6858 0.6597 0.6335 0.6019 0.5727 0.5437 0.24 0.7307 0.6999 0.6736 0.6484 0.6151 0.5873 0.5570 0.25 0.7443 0.7143 0.6875 0.6682 0.6284 0.6021 0.5705 0.26 0.7553 0.7253 0.6991 0.6767 0.6402
37、 0.6142 0.5826 0.27 0.7663 0.7363 0.7107 0.6902 0.6520 0.6263 0.5947 0.28 0.7773 0.7473 0.7223 0.7033 0.6638 0.6384 0.6068 0.29 0.7883 0.7583 0.7339 0.7160 0.6756 0.6505 0.6189 0.30 0.7993 0.7694 0.7459 0.7283 0.6875 0.6628 0.6314 0.31 0.8087 0.7791 0.7552 0.7380 0.6964 0.6726 0.6411 0.32 0.8181 0.7
38、888 0.7645 0.7482 0.7053 0.6824 0.6508 0.33 0.8275 0.7985 0.7738 0.7574 0.7142 0.6922 0.6605 0.34 0.8369 0.8082 0.7831 0.7672 0.7231 0.7020 0.6702 0.35 0.8463 0.8182 0.7924 0.7745 0.7324 0.7118 0.6803 0.36 0.8532 0.8254 0.7994 0.7818 0.7398 0.7190 0.6874 0.37 0.8601 0.8326 0.8064 0.7868 0.7472 0.726
39、2 0.6945 0.38 0.8670 0.8398 0.8134 0.7924 0.7546 0.7334 0.7016 0.39 0.8739 0.8470 0.8204 0.7973 0.7620 0.7406 0.7087 0.40 0.8808 0.8543 0.8274 0.8028 0.7694 0.7482 0.7160 0.41 0.8863 0.8597 0.8330 0.8096 0.7753 0.7534 0.7211 0.42 0.8918 0.8651 0.8386 0.8162 0.7812 0.7586 0.7262 0.43 0.8973 0.8705 0.
40、8442 0.8195 0.7871 0.7638 0.7313 0.44 0.9028 0.8759 0.8498 0.8228 0.7930 0.7690 0.7364 0.45 0.9085 0.8814 0.8555 0.8274 0.7993 0.7745 0.7419 0.46 0.9126 0.8858 0.8594 0.8325 0.8033 0.7787 0.7454 0.47 0.9167 0.8898 0.8633 0.8357 0.8073 0.7829 0.7489 0.48 0.9208 0.8940 0.8672 0.8387 0.8113 0.7871 0.75
41、24 0.49 0.9249 0.8982 0.8711 0.8421 0.8153 0.7913 0.7559 0.50 0.9294 0.9025 0.8751 0.8453 0.8195 0.7959 0.7597 * Extrapolated * ASTM Grain Size No. 7 is the standard used for comparative purposes NUMBER: CEMS AT-3 TITLE: Method of Calculating DIB AND DIC For Heat Treatable SteelsCURRENT ISSUE DATE:
42、October 2001 This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truvk and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. Ga42001 International Truck and Engine Corporation. OCTOBER 2001
43、 Page 5 of 21 TABLE II (continued) Carbon Factors % Carbon ASTM Grain Size No. 7* . % Carbon ASTM Grain Size No. 7* . % Carbon ASTM Grain Size No. 7* . % Carbon ASTM Grain Size No. 7* . 0.51 0.8492 0.61 0.8780 0.71* 0.8987 0.81* 0.9053 0.52 0.8513 0.62 0.8808 0.72* 0.8998 0.82* 0.9058 0.53 0.8543 0.
44、63 0.8837 0.73* 0.9009 0.83* 0.9058 0.54 0.8573 0.64 0.8865 0.74* 0.9020 0.84* 0.9063 0.55 0.8615 0.65 0.8876 0.75* 0.9031 0.85* 0.9063 0.56 0.8663 0.66 0.8893 0.76* 0.9036 0.86* 0.9069 0.57 0.8675 0.67 0.8921 0.77* 0.9042 0.87* 0.9069 0.58 0.8692 0.68 0.8949 0.78* 0.9042 0.88* 0.9080 0.59 0.8722 0.
45、69 0.8960 0.79* 0.9047 0.89* 0.9080 0.60 0.8751 0.70 0.8976 0.80* 0.9047 0.90* 0.9085 Boron Factors* % Carbon Boron Factor . % Carbon Boron Factor . % Carbon Boron Factor . % Carbon Boron Factor . 0.10 0.3284 0.26 0.2648 0.42 0.1931 0.58 0.1072 0.11 0.3243 0.27 0.2625 0.43 0.1903 0.59 0.1004 0.12 0.
46、3201 0.28 0.2577 0.44 0.1847 0.60 0.0969 0.13 0.3160 0.29 0.2529 0.45 0.1790 0.61 0.0899 0.14 0.3118 0.30 0.2480 0.46 0.1732 0.62 0.0828 0.15 0.3096 0.31 0.2455 0.47 0.1673 0.63 0.0755 0.16 0.3054 0.32 0.2405 0.48 0.1644 0.64 0.0719 0.17 0.3010 0.33 0.2355 0.49 0.1584 .065 0.0645 0.18 0.2989 0.34 0.
47、2304 0.50 0.1523 0.66 0.0569 0.19 0.2945 0.35 0.2279 0.51 0.1461 0.67 0.0492 0.20 0.2900 0.36 0.2201 0.52 0.1430 0.68 0.0454 0.21 0.2856 0.37 0.2175 0.53 0.1367 0.69 0.0334 0.22 0.2833 0.38 0.2122 0.54 0.1303 0.70 0.0294 0.23 02788 0.39 0.2095 0.55 0.1239 0.71 0.0212 0.24 0.2742 0.40 0.2041 0.56 0.1
48、206 0.72 0.0128 0.25 0.2695 0.41 0.1987 0.57 0.1139 0.73 0.0086 * Extrapolated * ASTM Grain Size No. 7 is the standard used for comparative purposes. * Boron multiplying factor = 1 + 1.76 (0.75 - % carbon). The logarithm of the calculated factor has been used. NUMBER: CEMS AT-3 TITLE: Method of Calculating DIB AND DIC For Heat Treatable SteelsCURRENT ISSUE DATE: October 2001 This document is restricted and may not be sent outside Intern
