七年级数学上册第三章一元一次方程3.2解一元一次方程一_合并同类项与移项同步检测pdf新版新人教版20190115386.pdf

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1、 3.2 解一元一次方程 (一 ) 合并同类项与移项 测试时间 :15分钟 一、选择题 1.下列变形属于移项 ,且变形正确的是 ( ) A.由 2x=2,得 x=1 B.由 3x-2x=-2,得 x=-2 C.由 3x- =0,得 3x= D.由 x+1=0,得 x=1 72 722.若代数式 2x-1的值为 3,则 x的值为 ( ) A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 3.已知关于 x的方程 4x-3b=2的解是 x=b,则 b的值是 ( ) A.-2 B.-1 C.1 D.2 4.解一元一次方程 3x+7=32-2x,移项正确的是 ( ) A.3x+2x=32-7 B.3x+2x=32+7 C

2、.3x-2x=32-7 D.3x-2x=32+7 5.下列方程的变形 ,正确的个数为 ( ) (1)由 3+x=5,得 x=5+3;(2)由 7x=-4,得 x=- ; 47(3)由 y=0,得 y=2;(4)由 3=x-2,得 x=-2-3. 12A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 二、填空题 6.若 5x+2与 -2x+9的值相等 ,则 x= . 7.如果 2x+6的值与 3-3x的值互为相反数 ,那么 x等于 . 8.小红在解方程 5a-x=13(x为未知数 )时 ,误将 -x看作 +x,得到方程的解为 x=-2,则原方程的解为 . 三、解答题 9.解下列方程 : (1)2x+5=25-8x

3、;(2)8x-2=7x-2; (3)2x+3=11-6x;(4)3x-4+2x=4x-3. 10.小明每天早上 7:50从家出发 ,到距家 1 000米的学校上学 ,每天的行走速度为 80米 /分 .一天小明从家出发 5分钟后 ,爸爸以 180米 /分的速度去追小明 ,并且在途中追上了他 . (1)爸爸追上小明用了多长时间 ? (2)追上小明时 ,小明距离学校还有多远 ? 3.2 解一元一次方程 (一 ) 合并同类项与移项一、选择题1.答案 C A 选项是系数化为 1;B 选项是合并同类项 ;C 选项是移项 ,并变形正确 ;D 选项移项没有改变符号 .2.答案 B 代数式 2x-1 的值为 3

4、,2x -1=3,2x=4,x=2, 故选 B.3.答案 D 把 x=b代入 4x-3b=2,得 4b-3b=2,合并同类项 ,得 b=2.4.答案 A 移项 ,得 3x+2x=32-7,故选 A.5.答案 A 仅 (2)正确 ,故选 A.二、填空题6.答案 1解析 由题意得 5x+2=-2x+9,移项 ,得 5x+2x=9-2;合并同类项 ,得 7x=7;系数化为 1,得 x=1.7.答案 9解析 根据题意得 2x+6+3-3x=0,移项、合并同类项 ,得 -x=-9,系数化为 1,得 x=9.8.答案 x=2解析 把 x=-2代入方程 5a+x=13,可得 a=3,则原方程为 15-x=1

5、3,移项、合并同类项 ,得 -x=-2,系数化为 1,得 x=2.三、解答题9.解析 (1)移项 ,得 2x+8x=25-5,合并同类项 ,得 10x=20,系数化为 1,得 x=2.(2)移项 ,得 8x-7x=-2+2,合并同类项 ,得 x=0.(3)移项 ,得 2x+6x=11-3,合并同类项 ,得 8x=8,系数化为 1,得 x=1.(4)移项 ,得 3x+2x-4x=-3+4,合并同类项 ,得 x=1.10.解析 (1)设爸爸追上小明用了 x分钟 ,由题意 ,得 180x=80x+805,移项、合并同类项 ,得 100x=400.系数化为 1,得 x=4.所以爸爸追上小明用了 4分钟 .(2)由 (1)得 1804=720( 米 ),1 000-720=280(米 ).所以追上小明时 ,小明距离学校还有 280米 .

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