1、. AMSC NIA jl NOT MEASUREMENT MIL-HDBK-2069 10 April 1997 SUPERSEDING 24 August 1981 MIL-STD-2069 MILITARY HANDBOOK AIRCRAFT SURVIVABILITY This handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this document as a requirement. FSC 15GP Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wit
2、hout license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD 1. This handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply. 3. Aircraft systems operating
3、 in nonnuclear and nuclear threat environments need realistic, well- defined and logistically supportable survivability characteristics in order to achieve their operational potential. Therefore, survivability characteristics need to be treated with the same importance as aircraft speed, payload, ra
4、nge and other design considerations. The cost of modem aircraft systems and the potential combat loss of operational capability through aircraft and personnel attrition mandate that survivability technologies and enhancements be incorporated at the beginning of the system program, and that the survi
5、vability design discipline be effectively implemented throughout the life cycle of the aircraft system. This handbook provides guidance to system program offices, contracting activities and contractors for the establishment and conduct of aircraft survivability programs. It also includes guidance fo
6、r the formulation and contractual specification of quantitative survivability requirements which may be tailored into statements of work, system or item specifications and contract data requirements. The Department of Defense views this handbook as a tool requiring continual modification and improve
7、ment to increase its effectiveness and to meet changing needs. Comments and recommendations of all users are solicited to achieve this goal. 4. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Co
8、mmander, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Code 414200B120-3, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733- 5 100, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal D Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. 11 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p
9、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,- MIL-HDBK-2069 9999770 0229LbL 400 MIL-HDBK-2069 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE FOREWORD . .C 11 1 . SCOPE . 1 1.2 Appllcablllty 1 1.3 1.1 Purpose 1 Application guidance . 1 . 1. 2 . APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . 1 2.1 General . 1 2.2 Government documents 1 2.2.1 Specificatio
10、ns, standards and handbooks . 1 2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings and publications . 2 2.3 Order ofprecedence 2 3 . DEFINITIONS . 2 3.1 Terms . 2 3.1.1 Survlvabtllty 3 3.1.2 Susceptlbhty 3 3.1.3 Vulnerablhty . 3 3.1.4 Hardness . 3 3.1.5 Threat avoidance -3 3.1.6 Proliferation 3 3.1.7 Recons
11、titution . 3 . . 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS : . 3 4.1 Sumvabtllty program 3 4.1.1 Quantitative survivability requirements 5 4.1.2 Requirements verification 5 4.2 Survivability program organization 5 4.3 SuMvablllty program procedures 5 4.3.1 Program reviews . 5 . I 5 . DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . 6 5.1 Airc
12、raft survivabilitv . general 6 . 5.2 Survivabiljty program tasks . 6 5.2.2 Survivability assurance program plan (Task 2) . 6 5.2.3 Survivability maintenancdsurveillance (WS) plan (Task 3) . 7 5.2.4 Mission-threat encounter analysis (Task 4) 7 5.2.5 Flight and mission critical hnctions analysis (FMCF
13、A) (Task 5) . 7 5.2.6 Failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) (Task 6) . 8 5.2.7.1 Conditional probability of kill (Pk) hnctions . 8 5.2.8 Computerized target description (Task 8) 9 5.2.1 Survivabillty program plan (Task 1) 6 5.2.7 Damage modes and effects analysis (DMEA) (Task 7) 8
14、. 111 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-20bS 9999770 0229362 347 MIL-HDBK-2069 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 5.2.9 5.2 9.1 5.2.9.2 5.2.1 O 5.2.1 1 5.2.12 5.2.13. 5.2.14 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.1.1 5.3.1.2 5.3.2 5.3.3 Aircraft vulnerability ana
15、lysis (Task 9) .i 9 Nuclear vulnerabrllty analyses 10 Susceptibility analysis (Task 1 O) 10 Survivability analysis (Task 1 1) . 10 Survivability enhancement trade studies (Task 12) . 11 Survivability design documentation (Task 14) . 12 System survlvablllty requirements 12 Susceptibility (Requirement
16、 1) 12 Detection avoidance 13 Threat avoidance and suppression . 13 Vulnerability (Requirement 2) . 13 Verification and demonstration (Requirement 3) . 14 Nonnuclear vulnerability analyses 9 Combat damage repair analysis (Task 13) 11 . 6 . NOTES . 14 6.1 Intended use 14 6.2 Subject term (key word) l
17、isting 14 6.3 Changes from previous issue 14 FIGURE 1 . System life cycle survwablllty . 4 . APPENDIX A Related publications and information 15 iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-20bS 7999970 0227163 283 MIL-HDBK-2069 1. SCOP
18、E 1.1 Purpose. This handbook provides guidance and criteria for establishing survivability requirements and conducting survivability plans and programs throughout the system life cycle for fixed and variable wing aircraft, helicopters and remotely-piloted vehicles. The survivability program will inc
19、lude a mix of threat avoidance, reconstitution and repairability, redundancy, and hardening techniques to enhance system survivability to the maximum practical extents. 1 2 Applicability. This handbook applies to combat and combat support aircraft expected to be exposed to nonnuclear (i.e., conventi
20、onal, chemical, biological, and directed energy) and nuclear threat environments. It is applicable to new and existing major and supporting non-major system acquisition programs, including relevant strategic and non-strategic systems. This handbook also applies to aircraft systems designated as requ
21、iring nuclear survivability, nuclear survivability high altitude electromagnetic pulse (Em) only, and nuclear biological chemical (NBC) contamination survivability in accordance with DoDD 4245.4, DoDD 3150.3 and DoDI 4245.13. 1.3 Application guidance. This handbook will be referenced throughout the
22、life cycle of the applicable aircraft systems, and its application should be tailored to the specific aircraft and operational requirements. It should be used as the basis for identifying survivability program tasks and requirements to be included in statements of work, system and item specification
23、s, and contract data requirements lists which form parts of system acquisition contracts or requests for proposal. 2. APPLTCABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein, but are the ones that are needed in order to fblly understand
24、 the information provided by this handbook. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications. standards. and handbooks. The following specifications, standards and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herem. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents aie those
25、listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto. SPECIFICATIONS ! DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ME-H-8501 - Helicopter Flying and Ground Handling Qualities, General MIL-F-8785 - Flying Qualities of Piloted Airplanes “L-F-83300 - Flying Q
26、ualities of Piloted V/STOL Aircraft Specification For 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-2069 STANDARDS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-STD-470 - Maintainability Program Requirements (For Systems and MIL-STD-471 - MaintainabilityNer
27、ification/Demonstration/Evaluation “L-STD-785 - Reliability Program for Systems and Equipment Development Equipment) and Production Criticality Analysis MIL-STD- 1629 - Procedures for Performing a Failure Mode, Effects and MIL-STD-2089 - Aircraft Survivability Terms HANDBOOKS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE M
28、IL-HDBK-268 - Survivability Enhancement, Aircraft Conventional Weapon MIL-HDBK-273 - Survivability Enhancement, Aircraft, Nuclear Weapon Threat, MlL-HDBK-336-1 - Survivability, Aircraft, Nonnuclear, General Criteria - Threats, Design and Evaluation Guidelines Design and Evaluation Guidelines Volume
29、1 (Unless otherwise indicated copies of the above specifications, standards and handbooks are available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave., Bldg. 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19 I 1 1-5094.) 2.2.2 Other Government documents. drawings and publications. The following other Governme
30、nt documents, drawing, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Directives. Instructions. and laws DODD 4245.4 - Acquisition of Nuclear-Survivable Systems National Defense - Testing of Certain Weapon Systems Authorization Act for and Munitions FY 1987, Section 91
31、0 (Copies of DODDirective and Instruction are available fi-om the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave., Bldg. 4D, Philadelphia, PA 191 11-5094.) 2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this do
32、cument shall take precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Terms. A selected set of terms is set forth below for use with this standard. Other applicable definitions are listed in MIL-H
33、DBK-2089. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-2069 9999970 02291b5 O56 = MIL-HDBK-2069 3.1.1 Survivabilitv. The capability of a system, including its crew, to avoid or withstand a hostile environment without suffering an abortive
34、 impairment of its ability to accomplish its designated mission. Survivability is achieved by reducing susceptibility and vulnerability to acceptable levels through a combination of hardness, threat avoidance, redundancy and reconstitution. 3.1.2 Susceptibility. The degree to which a system is open
35、to effective attack due to one or more inherent weaknesses. 3.1.3 Vulnerability. The characteristics of a system which cause it to suffer a definite degradation in its capability of performing the designated mission as a result of having been subjected to a certain level of effects in a man-made thr
36、eat environment. 3.1.4 Hardness. The physical capability of the system to withstand the threat environment. 3.1.5 Threat avoidance. Those measures taken so as not to encounter or experience the threat environment. 3.1.6 Redundancv. The use of multiple systems or subsystems to reduce or eliminate the
37、 probability of loss of mission critical fnctions as a result of anticipated or actual threat weapons effects. 3.1.7 Reconstitution. The repair, resupply, remanning or recovery of damaged or undamaged systems in time to effectively complete the mission. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Survivabilitv prog
38、ram. An effective survivability program should be established and maintained throughout the system life cycle. The program should be structured to meet system effectiveness objectives identified in documents such as the Mission-Need Statement (MNS), the System Coordinating Paper (SCP), the Decision
39、Coordinating Paper CF), the Program Management Directive (PMD), the Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP), the Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis (COEA) report and the Program Baseline. The survivability program will be planned, integrated and implemented in coordination with other system
40、design, development, test, production, support and operational aspects of the life cycle to minimize its impact on overall program cost and schedule and to accomplish specified survivability program tasks and requirements in a cost-effective and timely manner. The contracting activity will provide t
41、hreat data to the contractor in sufficient depth to allow prompt initiation of survivability program efforts. The, suitability and level of detail of the survivability program will be tailored to be responsive to the system phase and schedule. Figure 1 shows major activities of the survivability pro
42、gram by overall program phase. 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-ZObS - I “1“ I Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-2069 4.1.1 Quantitative survivabilitv
43、reauirements. Quantitative survivability requirements for the system, major subsystem and applicable equipment should be included in the system and item specifications. System susceptibility and vulnerability requirements will be specified contractually and should be verifiable throughout the life c
44、ycle. If an aircraR system has both nonnuclear and nuclear survivability requirements, care must be taken to insure that the survivability program optimizes overall system survivability. Nonnuclear and nuclear requirements will be treated jointly in the program where possible, and separately when ne
45、cessary. For the special case of nuclear hardening requirements, nuclear hardness levels will be quantified using performance and design specifications and nuclear environment criteria that are relatively insensitive to changes in operations or the nuclear threat in accordance with DoDD 4245.4. Nucl
46、ear hardness criteria will be established by the U.S. Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency (USANCA) or the Air Force Nuclear Criteria Group (NCG). 4.1.2 Reauirements verification. Specifications for susceptibility and vulnerability requirements should include the method used to verify that the requireme
47、nts have been satisfied. An optimum mix of analysis, simulation and testing will be a major issue in the planning and implementation of the survivability program. A clear audit trail of survivability design information and verification methods and results should be documented throughout the system l
48、ife cycle to fulfill requirements for verification of survivability maintenance and surveillance capability. 4.2 Survivabilitv program organization. The contracting activity will specify that contractor management, staffing, and organizational requirements necessary to implement and conduct the surv
49、ivability program are clearly defined. The survivability organization should be integrated with all relevant design, support, production and program management activities to insure that system survivability requirements are effectively incorporated into the aircraft design. 4.3 Survivability program procedures. The contracting activity will contractually specify the establishment of procedures necessary to conduct the
