1、NFPA 471 Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents 2002 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101 An International Codes and Standards Organization NFPA License Agreement This document is copyrighted by the National Fire Protection Association (
2、NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101 USA. All rights reserved. NFPA grants you a license as follows: The right to download an electronic file of this NFPA document for temporary storage on one computer for purposes of viewing and/or printing one copy of the NFPA document for individual
3、use. Neither the electronic file nor the hard copy print may be reproduced in any way. In addition, the electronic file may not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or otherwise. The hard copy print may only be used personally or distributed to other employees for their internal use withi
4、n your organization. Copyright National Fire Protection Association, Inc.One Batterymarch ParkQuincy, Massachusetts 02269IMPORTANT NOTICE ABOUT THIS DOCUMENTNFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, of which the document contained herein is one, aredeveloped through a consensus stand
5、ards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute.This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and othersafety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in
6、 the development ofconsensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of anyjudgments contained in its codes and standards.The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspe
7、cial, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this document. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this document available,
8、the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services foror on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity tosomeone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate,
9、 seekthe advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document.Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, o
10、r installations for compliance with this document. Anycertification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to theNFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.NOTICESAll questions or other communications re
11、lating to this document and all requests for information on NFPA proceduresgoverning its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting FormalInterpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA documents du
12、ringregular revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, StandardsCouncil, National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.Users of this document should be aware that this document may be amended fr
13、om time to time through the issuance ofTentative Interim Amendments, and that an official NFPA document at any point in time consists of the current edition ofthe document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments then in effect. In order to determine whether thisdocument is the current edition
14、 and whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative InterimAmendments, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire CodesSubscription Service, visit the NFPAwebsite at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed above.A statement, written or oral, that i
15、s not processed in accordance with Section 5 of the Regulations Governing CommitteeProjects shall not be considered the official position of NFPA or any of its Committees and shall not be considered to be,nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation.The NFPA does not take any position with respect
16、 to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems which are mentioned in or are the subject of this document, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent resulting from the use of or reliance on this document. Users of this document are expressly advis
17、ed thatdetermination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their ownresponsibility.Users of this document should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by thepublication of this document, intend
18、to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and this document maynot be construed as doing so.Licensing PolicyThis document is copyrighted by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). By making this document availablefor use and adoption by public authorities and others, th
19、e NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to this document.1. Adoption by ReferencePublic authorities and others are urged to reference this document in laws, ordinances,regulations, administrative orders, or similar instruments. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adoptingautho
20、rity must be noted separately. Those using this method are requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary,Standards Council) in writing of such use. The term “adoption by reference“ means the citing of title and publishinginformation only.2. Adoption by TranscriptionA. Public authorities with la
21、wmaking or rule-making powers only, upon written notice tothe NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Council), will be granted a royalty-free license to print and republish thisdocument in whole or in part, with changes and additions, if any, noted separately, in laws, ordinances, regulations,adminis
22、trative orders, or similar instruments having the force of law, provided that: (1) due notice of NFPAs copyright iscontained in each law and in each copy thereof; and (2) that such printing and republication is limited to numberssufficient to satisfy the jurisdictions lawmaking or rule-making proces
23、s. B. Once this NFPA Code or Standard has beenadopted into law, all printings of this document by public authorities with lawmaking or rule-making powers or any otherpersons desiring to reproduce this document or its contents as adopted by the jurisdiction in whole or in part, in any form,upon writt
24、en request to NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Council), will be granted a nonexclusive license to print,republish, and vend this document in whole or in part, with changes and additions, if any, noted separately, provided thatdue notice of NFPAs copyright is contained in each copy. Such licens
25、e shall be granted only upon agreement to pay NFPAa royalty. This royalty is required to provide funds for the research and development necessary to continue the work ofNFPA and its volunteers in continually updating and revising NFPA standards. Under certain circumstances, publicauthorities with la
26、wmaking or rule-making powers may apply for and may receive a special royalty where the public interestwill be served thereby.3. Scope of License GrantThe terms and conditions set forth above do not extend to the index of this document.(For further explanation, see the Policy Concerning the Adoption
27、, Printing, and Publication of NFPA Documents,which is available upon request from the NFPA.)Copyright 2002, National Fire Protection Association, All Rights ReservedNFPA 471Recommended Practice forResponding to Hazardous Materials Incidents2002 EditionThis edition of NFPA 471, Recommended Practice
28、for Responding to Hazardous Materials Inci-dents, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personneland acted on by NFPA at its November Association Technical Meeting held November 1014,2001, in Dallas, TX. It was issued by the Standards Council on January 11, 2002, wi
29、th aneffective date of January 31, 2002, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 471 was approved as an American National Standard on January 31,2002.Origin and Development of NFPA 471At the July 1985 NFPA Standards Council meeting, approval was given to the concept of anew project
30、 on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel. The Council directed that a pro-posed scope and start-up roster for the new Committee be prepared, taking into account theneed to expand the Committee membership beyond the fire service and the applicationbeyond “professional qualifications.”The first meet
31、ing of the Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Per-sonnel took place in October 1986. The Committee proceeded to develop the first editionof NFPA 471 in conjunction with the first edition of NFPA 472, Standard on ProfessionalCompetence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
32、Both documents were first re-leased as 1989 editions.Interest in the subject of hazardous materials, especially as it relates to the emergencyresponder, continued at a high level. Some of this interest was due to an increased awarenessof the magnitude of the problem; much of it can be credited to fe
33、deral regulations in theUnited States that have had an impact on all responders.Revisions were made to both NFPA documents in 1992 editions. At the same time theCommittee introduced a new related document, NFPA 473, Standard for Professional Competen-cies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Ma
34、terials Incidents.In 1993 the Committee again began reviewing NFPA 471 for the purpose of revising it. TheCommittee made several changes to the resulting 1997 edition in order to ensure that the docu-ment remained consistent with NFPA 472, which had gained wide international acceptance.The 2002 edit
35、ion contains additional minor revisions for continued consistency withNFPA 472. Some changes were the result of conformance with the 2000 edition of the NFPAManual of Style.The gratitude of the Committee is extended to all who participated in the developmentand review process, and especially to the
36、individuals not on the Committee who helped somuch.The Committee would like to dedicate this recommended practice to the fallen heroes ofthe terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. Many lives were saved because of their efforts.These individuals gave the ultimate sacrifice in the line of duty and st
37、and alone in theirbravery and dedication to their jobs and their country. Our thoughts and prayers are withtheir families, friends, and co-workers. Let us never forget these brave individuals and theother emergency responders who have died in the line of duty. The Committee especiallywishes to honor
38、 Committee member John J. Fanning, FDNY, who died in the line of duty onSeptember 11.4711Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response PersonnelJohn M. Eversole, ChairChicago Fire Department, IL ERep. International Association of Fire ChiefsGerald L. Grey, Vice ChairSan Francisco Fire Departme
39、nt, CA URep. International Society of Fire Service InstructorsCharles J. Wright, SecretaryUnion Pacific Railroad Company, NE SEDonald Beckering, Minnesota State Colleges andUniversities, MN UGlenn P. Benarick, Fairfax County Fire and RescueDepartment, VA EBud Berry, 3M, MN MRep. American Society of
40、Safety EngineersGregory F. Britt, Virginia Department of EmergencyServices, VA UGene P. Carlson, VFIS-Glatfeller Insurance Group, PA IRep. VFISDon L. Crowson, Arlington Fire Department, TX UManuel H. Ehrlich, Jr., Wayne, NJ MRep. American Chemistry CouncilRichard B. Emery, Emery capable of caus-ing
41、harm.3.3.17* Hazard Sector. That function within an overall inci-dent management system that deals with the mitigation of ahazardous materials incident.3.3.18 Hazardous Materials Sector Officer. The person re-sponsible for the management of the hazard sector.3.3.19* Hazardous Material. A substance (
42、solid, liquid, orgas) that when released is capable of creating harm to people,the environment, and property. 472:3.33.3.20 Incident. An emergency involving the release or po-tential release of a hazardous material, with or without fire.295:1.33.3.21* Incident Commander. The person who is responsibl
43、efor all decisions relating to the management of the incidentand is in charge of the incident site. 472:3.33.3.22* Incident Management System. An organized systemof roles, responsibilities, and standard operating proceduresused to manage and direct emergency operations. 1021:1.43.3.23 Mitigation. Ac
44、tions taken to prevent or reduce prod-uct loss, human injury or death, environmental damage, andproperty damage due to the release or potential release ofhazardous materials.3.3.24 Monitoring Equipment. Instruments and devices usedto identify and quantify contaminants.3.3.25* National Contingency Pl
45、an. Policies and proceduresof the federal agency members of the National Oil and Haz-ardous Materials Response Team.3.3.26 Neutralization. The process of applying acids or basesto a corrosive product to form a neutral salt.3.3.27 Penetration. The movement of a material through asuits closures, such
46、as zippers, buttonholes, seams, flaps, orother design features of chemical-protective clothing, andthrough punctures, cuts, and tears.3.3.28 Permeation. A chemical action involving the movementof chemicals, on a molecular level, through intact material.3.3.29* Protective Clothing. Equipment designed
47、 to protectthe wearer from heat and/or hazardous materials contactingthe skin or eyes. 472:3.33.3.30* Response. That portion of incident management inwhich personnel are involved in controlling (defensively oroffensively) a hazardous materials incident.3.3.31 Sampling. The process of collecting a re
48、presentativeamount of gas, liquid, or solid for analytical purposes.3.3.32 Solidification. The process whereby a hazardous liq-uid is treated chemically so that solid material results.3.3.33 Stabilization. The point in an incident at which theadverse behavior of the hazardous material is controlled.
49、3.3.34 Sterilization. The process of destroying all microor-ganisms in or on an object.3.3.35 Waste Minimization. Treatment of hazardous spills byprocedures or chemicals designed to reduce the hazardousnature of the material and to minimize the quantity of wasteproduced.Chapter 4 Incident Response Planning4.1 Developing an Incident Response Plan.4.1.1 Planning is an essential part of emergency prepared-ness. The development of both facility response plans and4715INCIDENT RESPONSE PLANNING2002 Editioncommunity emergency plans is required by numerous s
