1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS1390AEROSPACESTANDARDAS1390Issued 2014-04 Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) RATIONAL
5、EEstimating life cycle support costs has become problematic due to a lack of a standard analytical methodology in both government and industry. This standard provides a standardized approach for implementing and conducting the Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) activities required by the SAE standard T
6、A-STD-0017 to determine an effective maintenance and support structure for a product. This document provides general requirements and descriptions of activities which, when performed in a logical and iterative nature, comprise the LORA process. These requirements are structured for maximum flexibili
7、ty in their application. FOREWORDThis standard establishes the LORA process to implement the requirement contained in TA-STD-0017. TA-STD-0017 requires that LORA be conducted “commensurate with the level of design, operation, and support data available.” The principle purpose of the LORA process is
8、to determine the most effective maintenance and support structure for a product through iterative evaluations of both economic and noneconomic considerations. The LORA process is an analytical effort undertaken to influence decisions on the products design, maintenance planning, cost, and Integrated
9、 Product Support (IPS) Element resources. As a consequence, the LORA process forms an integral part of the Product Support Analysis (PSA) process by using results of, and feeding results to, various PSA activities and the Logistics Product Data (LPD). The LORA process shall start early in the acquis
10、ition effort and then be reiterated as the product design becomes more refined throughout the products lifecycle. This standard applies to all system acquisition programs, major modification programs, and applicable research and development projects through all phases of the product life cycle. This
11、 standard is for use by both industry and government activities performing LORA on products to which this standard applies. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1390 Page 2 of 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.1.2 AIAA Publications 4 2.2 Related P
12、ublications . 4 2.2.1 U.S. Department of Defense Publications 4 2.3 Definitions . 4 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . 8 3.1 General . 8 3.2 Purpose . 8 3.3 LORA Program 9 3.4 LORA Program Interfaces . 9 3.4.1 Detailed Interfaces 9 3.4.2 Products Delivered to the End User . 9 3.5 LORA Program Coordination 9
13、3.6 LORA Process 10 3.6.1 Product Development . 10 3.6.2 Product Production and Deployment 10 3.7 LORA Input Data . 10 4. ACTIVITY SECTIONS . 10 4.1 General . 10 4.1.1 Program Management, Surveillance, and Control 10 4.1.2 Data Preparation and Management 10 4.1.3 Evaluations 11 4.1.4 Use and Impleme
14、ntation . 11 4.2 Activity Structure . 11 4.2.1 Activity Description 11 4.2.2 Activity Input 11 4.2.3 Activity Output . 11 4.3 Activity Selection . 11 5. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL . 11 5.1 Activity 1 Program Strategy . 11 5.1.1 Activity 1.1 LORA Program Strategy 11 5.1.2 Activity
15、1.2 Schedule 12 5.1.3 Activity 1.3 Manpower Estimate . 12 5.1.4 Activity 1.4 LORA Candidates List . 12 5.2 Activity 2 Program Planning . 13 5.2.1 Activity 2.1 LORA Program Plan 13 5.2.2 Activity 2.2 LORA Program Plan Updates . 14 5.3 Activity 3 Program Reviews . 14 5.3.1 Activity 3.1 Review Procedur
16、es . 14 5.3.2 Activity 3.2 Establishing the LORA Review Team . 15 5.3.3 Activity 3.3 LORA Guidance Conference . 15 5.3.4 Activity 3.4 LORA Reviews 15 5.3.5 Activity 3.5 Documentation of Reviews 15 6. DATA PREPARATION AND MANAGEMENT 16 6.1 Activity 4 Input Data Compilation . 16 6.1.1 Activity 4.1 Inp
17、ut Data for Economic LORA Evaluations . 16 6.1.2 Activity 4.2 Input Data for Noneconomic LORA Evaluations . 17 6.1.3 Activity 4.3 LORA Input Data Report . 17 6.1.4 Activity 4.4 Updates to the LORA Input Data . 17 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1390 Page 3 of 20 7. EVALUATIONS . 18 7.1 Activity 5 Evaluation Per
18、formance, Assessment, and Documentation 18 7.1.1 Activity 5.1 Economic LORA Evaluation 18 7.1.2 Activity 5.2 Noneconomic LORA Evaluation 18 7.1.3 Activity 5.3 LORA Sensitivity Evaluation 18 7.1.4 Activity 5.4 Documentation of Results . 18 7.1.5 Activity 5.5 Updating the LORA Evaluations and Document
19、ed Results 18 8. USE AND IMPLEMENTATION . 19 8.1 Activity 6 Using Results . 19 8.1.1 Activity 6.1 Design Influence 19 8.1.2 Activity 6.2 Support Structure Usage . 19 8.1.3 Activity 6.3 Related Analyses . 19 8.1.4 Activity 6.4 Updates . 19 9. NOTES 20 TABLE 1 ACTIVITY 1, PROGRAM STRATEGY INPUTS . 12
20、TABLE 2 ACTIVITY 1, PROGRAM STRATEGY OUTPUTS . 12 TABLE 3 ACTIVITY 2, PROGRAM PLANNING INPUTS 14 TABLE 4 ACTIVITY 2, PROGRAM PLANNING OUTPUTS 14 TABLE 5 ACTIVITY 3, PROGRAM REVIEW INPUTS . 16 TABLE 6 ACTIVITY 3, PROGRAM REVIEW OUTPUTS . 16 TABLE 7 ACTIVITY 4, INPUT DATA COMPILATION INPUTS . 17 TABLE
21、 8 ACTIVITY 4, INPUT DATA COMPILATION OUTPUTS . 17 TABLE 9 ACTIVITY 5, EVALUATION PERFORMANCE, ASSESSMENT, AND DOCUMENTATION INPUTS . 19 TABLE 10 ACTIVITY 5, EVALUATION PERFORMANCE, ASSESSMENT, AND DOCUMENTATION OUTPUTS . 19 TABLE 11 ACTIVITY 6, USING RESULTS INPUTS 20 TABLE 12 ACTIVITY 6, USING RES
22、ULTS OUTPUTS . 20 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1390 Page 4 of 20 1. SCOPE This standard establishes general requirements and descriptions of specific activities for performance of LORA during the life cycle of products or equipment. When these requirements and activities are performed in a logical and iterat
23、ive nature, they comprise the LORA process. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the
24、date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publi
25、cations Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.orgGEIA-STD-0007 Logistics Product Data GEIA-STD-0009 Reliability Program Standard for Systems Design, Development, and Manufa
26、cturing TA-STD-0017 Product Support Analysis 2.1.2 AIAA Publications Available from American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344, Tel: 703-264-7500, www.aiaa.orgS-102.2.4 Performance Based FMECA Requirements 2.2 Related Publications
27、The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report.2.2.1 U.S. Department of Defense Publications Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-
28、6257, https:/assist.dla.milMIL-HDBK-502A Product Support Analysis MIL-HDBK-798 System Engineers Design for Discard Handbook 2.3 Definitions ACTIVITY: A single unit of specific work behavior with clear beginning and ending points and directly observable or otherwise measurable process, frequently, bu
29、t not always resulting in a product that can be evaluated for quantity, quality, accuracy, or fitness in the work environment. AVAILABILITY: A measure of the degree to which a product is in an operable and committable state. Availability consists of two components: Materiel Availability and Operatio
30、nal Availability. Respectively, they provide fleet-wide availability and an operational unit availability. The Operational Availability metric is an integral step to determining the fleet-wide availability.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1390 Page 5 of 20 COMPONENT: A subsystem, assembly, subassembly, or other
31、major element of an end item. CONSTRAINTS: Restrictions or key boundary conditions that impact overall capability, priority, and resources in system acquisition.CONTRACTOR: An organization providing Product Support Analysis. CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE: All actions performed in order to restore a product
32、 to a specified condition after a failure has occurred.CUSTOMER: An organization purchasing or requiring Product Support Analysis. DISCARD: A unique maintenance action where no attempt is made to repair a failed item and that item is thrown away (discarded).ECONOMIC LORA EVALUATION: An analysis used
33、 to determine and identify the most cost effective maintenance concept for all products in the LORA Candidates List. END ITEM: A final production product that, when assembled or completed, will be considered ready for issue or deployment.END USER: The organization or individual who actually uses a p
34、articular product. ENVIRONMENT: The aggregate of all external and internal conditions (such as temperature, humidity, radiation, magnetic and electric fields, shock vibration) either natural or manmade, or self-induced that influences the form, performance, reliability, or survival of a product. FAI
35、LURE MODES, EFFECTS, AND CRITICALITY ANALYSIS (FMECA): Procedure by which each potential failure mode is analyzed to determine its effects on the product and then classified according to its severity. GUIDANCE CONFERENCE: A conference used to ensure that the contractor and the customer have a firm u
36、nderstanding of the contractual provisioning requirements, establish funding and activity milestones, and formulate firm commitments for optional requirements in accordance with applicable data requirements. A guidance conference may also serve as a LORA Guidance Conference which is used to ensure t
37、hat the contractor and the customer have a firm understanding of the scope of the LORA effort contractually required. INTEGRATED PRODUCT SUPPORT (IPS) ELEMENTS: Those critical functions related to product readiness including, but not limited to, materiel management, distribution, technical data mana
38、gement, maintenance, training, cataloging, configuration management, engineering support, repair parts management, failure reporting and analysis, reliability growth tracking, and the logistics elements (e.g., support equipment, spares) required to accomplish the functions. All of these elements sha
39、ll be considered during the development of the Product Support strategy. LEVEL OF REPAIR ANALYSIS (LORA): An analytical methodology used to assist in developing maintenance concepts, influencing design, and establishing the maintenance level at which components will be replaced, repaired, or discard
40、ed based on economic/noneconomic constraints and operational readiness requirements. LIFE CYCLE COST (LCC): Life Cycle Cost consists of research and development (R that is, individual parts or non-repairable subassemblies required for the repair of spares or major products. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
41、(R use the results to influence product design and maintenance planning; and achieve a maintenance concept which is the most effective compromise between economic and noneconomic factors or characteristics related to the product and its support. 3.4 LORA Program Interfaces Maximum use shall be made
42、of analyses and data resulting from other system engineering programs to satisfy the LORA input data requirements. 3.4.1 Detailed Interfaces LORA, as part of the PSA process, interfaces with Maintenance Planning; Reliability; and MTA in the following ways: a. Maintenance Planning. LORA identifies th
43、e maintenance level and logistic support costs associated with an unscheduled maintenance task and influences maintenance planning in producing an effective support solution. This information is provided by the LORA evaluations and is a key IPS element. These maintenance plans involve both engineeri
44、ng and logistics analyses to develop plans for product maintenance. Ultimately, maintenance planning identifies the logistics elements required to perform maintenance. b. Reliability. The LORA is used to analyze reliability critical items to determine whether they are maintenance significant. LORA m
45、ay be used as a design tool for conducting tradeoff analyses to determine whether to design an item for repair or discard. Multiple LORA and sensitivity iterations may be performed to verify the validity of a repair/discard decision. c. MTA. The LORA, with consideration to cost and availability impl
46、ication of the maintenance level and locations, will support an MTA directly linked to the systems reliability and maintainability characteristics. 3.4.2 Products Delivered to the End User LORAs conducted on products that have been delivered to the end user are used to evaluate the existing maintena
47、nce policy, support costs, use rates, capabilities, and other factors that may affect the logistic support of a product and requireadjustment to the support structure in order to maximize the products operational readiness or cost effectiveness. Data obtained from these products during a follow-on L
48、ORA is more accurate than the engineering estimates used in earlier LORAs and adds increased confidence to the products maintenance policy. 3.5 LORA Program Coordination Activities and data required by this standard, which are also required by other standards and specifications, shall be coordinated
49、 and combined to the maximum extent possible to avoid duplication of effort. LORA input data and the information used and provided shall be based upon, and traceable to, other system engineering data and activities where applicable. Maximum use shall be made of LORA data and information resulting from applicable activities in the LORA program to satisfy the PSA requirements detailed in TA
