1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. SARS 0120 : Part 5 Sect ion NR-1981 Railway sidings (trackwork) Clause 1 . 1.1 2 . 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 . 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.2 3.2.1
4、3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3.2.10 4 . 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 PART 5 : CONTRACT ADMINISTRATIOM SKCTION NB CONTENTS START OF CONSTRUCTION General . IMMEIIIATEI. Y AITER THE HANDING OVER OF THE SITE Approval of Workmanship and Materials Drawings and Inscructions Setting Ouc Ballast Samples
5、DURING CONSTRUCTION Adminiscracion . Approval of materials Special rails Occupation . Welding SARs approval . Races (payment) for the rectifying of mismatches of rail! Details of Construction Methods General . Baccered rail ends Excessively worn rails . Fishplating Welding of rail joints . Wood slee
6、pers Concrete sleepers Gauging Measuring of expansion gaps Boundary fences QUALITY CONTROL AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS . Lessons from Construction Failures . Lessons from Mediations. Arhicrations. and Court Cases . Employer provides material . Page Number November 1981 Approved by the COUNCIL OF THE SC
7、UT h) the time nvailable for carrying out the work; c) the number of days advance warning thac must be gtven to the PWI and the local System Manager hy the engineer (and thus by the contractor to the engineer); and d) whether the work is to he carried out under occnpation conditions or during ordina
8、ry working hours. SETTING OUT (Suhclause 5.2.2). The contractor sliould note that. in terms of SARS 1200 NB, he is responsible for setting out the siding and for completLng the work without any significant deviation from the drawings. BALLAST SAMPLES (Subclause 3.2.14) The contractor should submit s
9、amples and the grading analysis oE stone that he proposes to use for ballast timeously. The engineer should ensure that he gives approval expeditiously. DURING CONSTRUCTION Approval of Materials Where it is proposed to use materials that are not OF the same types as ore used by the SAR, provide ampl
10、e time to obtain the prior approval of the SARfs Chief Civil Engineer. Before any platelaying work is undertaken the contractor should arrange For the Pm1 that are to he used to be inspected and approved by a responsible official from the SAR (such as the PWI) so as to ensure that no material is rej
11、ected after trackwork has been completed. Special Rails (Subclause 5.2.6.2). As special rails are not supplied hy the SAR, the contractor sho111d make his own arrangements if they are required. Occpation. Acting npon the instructions issued in terms of 2.2, the contractor should give che engineer ti
12、meom warning of each dace by which construction will have advanced to the stage nc which occnpa tion, if required, should be oh tained. When a dace and time has been set for occupation, steps should he taken to ensure thac all material is ready and in position, thac the necessary labour is available
13、, and that all plant and equipment are in good working order and waiting before the time set for the start oE the occupation. krtng the occttpation close supervision of the work should be maintained to ensure that it is completed within the allocated period. Welding. If welding of joints is to be ca
14、rried out, the concmctor should arrange for chz welders to undergo. and pass, the SAR Welding Inspectors test early enough to avoid delays to the work program (see 3.2.5). SARS 0120 : Part 5 Section NB-1981 Railway sidings (trackwork) SARIS Approval (Suhclause 7.2.2). The contractor should ensure, e
15、arly in the constructlcm process, thac the standard of workmanship, particularly as regards gauge and supereleva tion, confc ns to the PWIs interpretation of the relevant specif ications, so chat approval will he obtained rtadi1 y when the work is finished. (See also 3.1.1.2.) Rates (Payment) for th
16、e Rectifying of Mismatches of Ralls (Clause 8) Where the employer has supplied second-hand rails that require rectiEying and no provision has been made in the schedule for rates CO cwer such work. the engineer should obtain quotations from the concractor for each of the procedures given in Suhclause
17、 5.2.6.1 of SARS 1200 NU to recti.Fy mismacches before advising the contractor which method is to he used and where. If second-hand rails are supplied by the contractor. the tendered rates should cover the cost of making good mismatches at joints. DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION METHODS General. The concrac
18、tor should construct the siding in accordanve wich the requirements of Part R of the SARIS private sidings publicationl) and pay particular attention to clearances, superelevocion, and sleeper spacing. (See Drawing NB-4 in SARS 1200 NB.) Battered Rail Ends. Subject to the requirements of Suhclause 3
19、.2.2(a) and (b) of SARS 1200 NB, the concractor should crop rail ends that are hatrered in excess of 2 mm in height, over a lt,ngth oC 150 mm or less, in such a way that one remaining fishholt hole is serviceahle. He should then clrill an additional fishbolt hole. Excessively Worn Rails. The concrac
20、tor should remove from the track any rail the height of which is below the value given for Class R (or such other class as is required in terms of the coritract), or if the side wear is more than the maximum side wear permitted in cenns of Suhclause 3.2.2(c) of SARS 1200 NB. 3.2.4 Fishplattn. Fishpl
21、ates should be cleaned hy wire brushing and g;reased along the fishing, surfaces with heavy graphite grease before being placed in position on the rails, and all Eishholts anc nuts should he oiled hefore use. Threaded rail fastenings should be torqued to approximately 340 N.m. Second-hand fishplates
22、 should not be used if, after the holts have heen tightened, the rtmaining draw is less than 5 mm. 3.2.5 Welding of Rail Joints. Exochenic welding of rail joints in thr. track should not be done by any person who has not passed the SAR Welding Inspectors test. Welding should be in accordr,nce with A
23、nnexure L of SAR Specification E 102). 3.2.6 Wood Sleepers (Suhclause 5.2.4.2) 3.2.6.1 If soleplates or chairs with capered keys are to he used, the slvepers may be template-dt illed and soleplated wich one coach screw before che sleeper is placed in che track. The contractur should, in his own inte
24、rest to avoid the risk of repeating an expensive error, construct a test sect lon of 12 m of track and have it checked and approved by the engineer hefore proceeding with the templae drilling of sleepers. 3.2.6.2 If chairs wich clip or spring fastenings are to be used. all holes in wood sleepers sho
25、uld he templace- drilled hefore the sleepers are placed in the track. 3.2.6.3 Incorrectly drilled holes should he plugged wich caper plugs of the correct diameter and of length 125 mm that have been dipped in creosote. Any wood dowel or phg is suitable provided that it is durable. The main purpose i
26、s to prevent ingress of water and on track-circuiced sectlonrs to prevenc short circuits. 3.2.6.4 If more than 4 holes are drilled incorrectly in any sleeper, thac sleeper should be removed from the c rack. 3.2.6.5 Threaded eleeper fastenings should he torqued to approximately 340 N.m. 3.2.6.6 As in
27、correctly drilled holes are detrimental to the life of a sleper, the concractor shorld he charged for each hole incorrectly drilled. If sleepers are suppllerl by the employer, the cost ol replacement. including handling and transportation, of any sleeper removed in terms of 3.2.6.4, should he recove
28、red from the contractor. -. 1) Provision and construction of private sidings, published hy the office oE the Chief Civil Engineer. SAR. Jolinnnesbury,. 2) E 10 : SpeciEication for platelaying and ballasting. SABS 0120 : Part 5 Section NB-1981 Railway sldings (trackwork) Concrete Sleepers Handling. C
29、oncrete sleepers should be handled carefully. They should not be dropped or allowed to fall freely from trucks or lorries. Types of concrete sleepers. Some tracks in private sidings are required to be built to the saw standard as the main lines on the SAR. For such tracks a standard SAR assembly sho
30、uld he used. This is a combination of a particular shape and design of precast concrete sleeper with designated specially shaped spring clips that, when properly combined, will ensure that gauges conform to Table 3 of SARS 1200 NB., For other tracks for which such a high standard is not required a l
31、ighter sleeper with a lighter Eastening assembly is available. Such an assembly is referred to below as a “siding sleeper assembly“. Gauge widening on curves. The use of a standard SAR assembly ensures compliance with the requirements of Subclause 5.2.7 of SABS 1200 NB for track gauges on curves. In
32、 the siding sleeper assembly the gauge increment on curves is 6 mm and for tliis assembly tile track gauge on a curve is required to conform to the applicable value given in Table 1. TABLE 1 - TRACK GAUGES ON CURVES (SIDING SLEEPER ASSEMBLY) Radius, m Track gauge, mm Less than 150 equal to 150 and u
33、p to 175 equal to 175 and up to 200 equal to and greater than 200 1 065 The rail clip. One of the types of rail clip supplied for both standard SAR and siding assemblies is the “e“ type. Gauge plate insitlators. The use of the standard SAR assembly requires that the rails be insulated from the concr
34、ete sleeper. This is achieved by means of a pad under the rail and gauge plate insulators. The rail pad. The rail pad serves to provide a cushion to protect the concrete rail seat and, in conjunction with the gauge plate insulators, to insulate the rail from the concrete sleeper. One approved type o
35、f pad is made of high density polyethylene. Assembly of track with concrete sleepers. The following procedure should be used to assemble a track with concrete sleepers, the type of fastenings referred to in 3.2.7.4-3.2.7.6 being used: a) Lay out the sleepers to the correct alignment and spacing. b)
36、Beside each rail seat, lay out the correct rail pad, gauge plate insulators, and clips. c) Clean the rail seats. This is important since small stones and similar material can damage the rail pad. d) Check that each rail pad is also clean and place it on the rail seat. e) Lay the rails in position. f
37、) Fit the gauge plate insulators into position. g) Insert the centre leg of the rail clip into the hole in the shoulder and make sure that the toe bears on the gauge plate insulator. h) Pull the clip into position by means of the puller. NOTE: Because of unevenness in the surface of the ballast the
38、rail is not always in cnntact with the pad and rail seat on the sleeper. When the gap does not exceed about 3 mm the puller can pull the clip into position, hut when the gap is wider the puller cannot perform its function (experience will soon determine the limits for any particular clip). In such c
39、ases the sleeper must be raised hy means of a lifter. The clip on the adjoining shoulder can then be inserted, the lif ter removed, and the other clip pulled into position. Gauging. The specified gauge is theoretically the minimum value but an actual gauge that is 3 mm less than the specified value
40、is permissible. Measuring of Expansion Gaps (Subclause 5.2.6.3). The temperature of the track should be measured by means of a track thermometer placed for at least 10 min on the crown of the rail with the graduations upwards and shaded from direct sunlight. Expansion shims should be inserted betwee
41、n rail ends to ensure that the correct gap is obtained during platelaying. Boundary Fences. Although fencing may be the last and smallest part of the work it can be of great importance, particularly at the point where the siding passes through the SARs houndary fence. Failure to comply with the requ
42、irements of the SAR in this respect has, in some cases, resulted in serious delay in the opening of new sidings. SAUS 0120 : Part 5 Section NU-l981 Railway sidings (tr,ackwork) 4. QUALITY CONTROL AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 4.1 LESSONS FROM CONSTRUCTLON FAILURES. No significant construction failures ha
43、ve hem reported to date. 4.2 LESSONS FROM MEDIATIONS, ARBITRATIONS, AND COURT CASES 4.2.1 Employer Provides Material. Provision oE materials Eor a tracklaying contract is inevitably on the critical path of the construction program. In R certain contract the employer had undertaken to provide the mat
44、erials and had arranged a program in which he set out the quantities of materials to be delivered at designated Locations and the delivery dates. Lt was ruled, in arbitration proceedings, that a) significant failure on the employers part to adhere to the pre-agreed program rendered him liahle for th
45、e cost of delays to the contractors program; b) it was impossible for the contractor to execute the contract within the conlract period without the permanent way materials; and C) any clause in the contract indemnifying the employer against a claim for delays was invalid, because no contract can force a person to carry out the impossible.
