1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23550-5 SANS 20474-3:2010Edition 1ISO 20474-3:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 3: Requireme
4、nts for loaders This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 20474-3:2008, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 F
5、ax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 20474-3:2010 Edition 1 ISO 20474-3:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 1034, Agricultural, earth-moving, forestry and construction equipment and mac
6、hinery, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in January 2010. Reference numberISO 20474-3:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO20474-3First edition2008-12-15Earth-moving machinery Safet
7、y Part 3: Requirements for loaders Engins de terrassement Scurit Partie 3: Exigences applicables aux chargeuses SANS 20474-3:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 20474-3:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embe
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11、served. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requ
12、ester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 20474-3:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemai
13、ling clients of the SABS .ISO 20474-3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS
14、O technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates c
15、losely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. D
16、raft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this do
17、cument may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 20474-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety, ergonomics and general requirements. ISO 20474 consists of the f
18、ollowing parts, under the general title Earth-moving machinery Safety: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers Part 3: Requirements for loaders Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators Part 6: Requirements for dumpers Part 7:
19、 Requirements for scrapers Part 8: Requirements for graders Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers Part 10: Requirements for trenchers Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators Part 13: Requirements for rollers Part 14: Information on national an
20、d regional provisions Technical Specification SANS 20474-3:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 20474-3:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100. The mach
21、inery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document. When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard ta
22、ke precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard. Provisions that are applicable for Australia, EU, Japan or the USA, and which are mandatory for compliance with specific governmental laws,
23、 directives or regulations in force in the particular country or region, are given in ISO/TS 20474-14. NOTE Other countries or regions may also have regional requirements. SANS 20474-3:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTER
24、NATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20474-3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 3: Requirements for loaders 1 Scope This part of ISO 20474 gives the safety requirements specific to loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which
25、 specifies general safety requirements common to earth-moving machine families, and with ISO/TS 20474-14, which gives information on provisions that are mandatory in particular countries or regions. The specific requirements given in this part of ISO 20474 take precedence over the general requiremen
26、ts of ISO 20474-1. This part of ISO 20474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its Scope when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see also ISO/TS 20474-14). It specifie
27、s the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. 2 Normative references The follow
28、ing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2867, Earth-moving machinery Access systems ISO 3457, E
29、arth-moving machinery Guards Definitions and requirements ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Identification and terms and definitions ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery Zones of
30、 comfort and reach for controls ISO 7131, Earth-moving machinery Loaders Terminology and commercial specifications ISO 14397-1:2007, Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load ISO 14397-2, E
31、arth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height ISO 20474-1:2008, Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 1: General requirements SANS 20474-3:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscript
32、ion and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 20474-3:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20474-1 and ISO 7131, and the following apply. 3.1 loader self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having fron
33、t-mounted equipment primarily designed for loading operation (bucket use), which loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine NOTE 1 A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material. NOTE 2 Derivated machinery: loaders can also be used for
34、derivated applications (see ISO 20474-1:2008, 3.1.2). 3.2 compact loader loader with an operating mass as defined in ISO 6016 of 4 500 kg or less, designed to work in confined spaces with the associated needs for greater manoeuvrability 3.3 skid steer loader loader normally having an operator statio
35、n between attachment-supporting structures and steered by using variation of speed and/or direction of rotation between traction drives on opposite sides of a machine with fixed axles or with tracks 3.4 swing loader loader having a swing-type lift arm with a swinging angle to the left and right from
36、 a straight position NOTE A swing loader work cycle is normally similar to a loader cycle except that, additionally, work can be done offset of the machine track. 3.5 hydraulic lift capacity maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the fork in horizontal position limited by the hydra
37、ulic circuit working pressure according to ISO 14397-2 4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 4.1 General Loaders shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of ISO 20474-1, in as far as those are not modified by the specific requirements of this clause. 4.2 Loader
38、s with front access The access system of loaders with front access shall be in accordance with ISO 2867. 4.3 Operators seat For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.4 Rear windows ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.3.2.7 and 4.3.2.9 for the rear window(s) shall apply, with the exce
39、ption that no motorized wiper(s) and washers are required for loaders with a cab width u 750 mm, measured outside of the cab to the height of the SIP (seat index point). SANS 20474-3:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 204
40、74-3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.5 Protection 4.5.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) ISO 20474-1, 4.3.3, shall apply. For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.5.2 Falling object
41、 protective structures (FOPS) For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.5.3 Fenders ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.14.7, is not applicable to compact loaders with front access. 4.5.4 Operators controls and indicators ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.5, shall apply, with the following additio
42、n for compact loaders with front access. Controls for lifting and lowering the loader linkage, machine movement and hydraulically controlled attachments (e.g. multi-purpose bucket) shall be either automatically mechanically secured (e.g. by a safety bar) or automatically deactivated when the operato
43、r leaves/enters the operators compartment. 4.5.5 Guarding for loaders with front access Loaders shall be fitted with side protection that prevents the operator from reaching the trapping parts between the side arms and fixed parts of the machine when the operator is seated in the operators position.
44、 Opening in the guards shall comply with ISO 3457. For the lower limbs, guards are required within the zone of reach as specified in ISO 6682 and shall have a minimum height of 200 mm from the floor plate. 4.5.6 Restraint systems for machines with front access For mandatory national and/or regional
45、provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.6 Stability 4.6.1 General requirements For mandatory national and regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.6.2 Bucket application For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.6.3 Fork application For mandatory national and/or regiona
46、l provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. 4.6.4 Log handling application For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14. SANS 20474-3:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 20474-3:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All righ
47、ts reserved4.6.5 Single heavy object (non-palletized, single heavy object) application 4.6.5.1 General The rated operating capacity is based on the use of a single heavy object handling device (for a non-palletized load), determined using the criteria given in 4.6.5.2 to 4.6.5.4. 4.6.5.2 Rated load
48、Transport mode The tipping load shall be determined in accordance with ISO 14397-1, except for the stability factor as stated in ISO 14397-1:2007, 5.1, with the block handling attachment (e.g. stone fork) in a fully roll-back-and-carry position: the rated load capacity as given in Table 1 is valid o
49、nly for speeds u 10 km/h; the rated load according to this mode, as a percentage of the tipping load, shall not exceed the applicable value specified in Table 1 when operating on a flat, hard surface. Table 1 Stability factors in single heavy object handling in transport mode Rated load capacity as a percentage of tipping load Ground condition Wheeled loaders Crawler loaders Firm and level ground 80 60 4.6.5.3 Hydraulic lift capacity It shall be possible to control
