1、 SMPTE STANDARD Timed Text Format (SMPTE-TT) SMPTE ST 2052-1:2013 Revision of SMPTE ST 2052-1:2010Page 1 of 18 pages Table of Contents Page Foreword 2 Intellectual Property . 2 Introduction 2 1 Scope 3 2 Conformance Notation 3 3 Normative References 3 4 Definitions and Acronyms . 4 4.1 Definitions .
2、 4 4.2 Acronyms 4 5 SMPTE TT-Format 5 5.1 Translation Modes 5 5.2 Default Styles 6 5.3 SMPTE Namespaces . 6 5.4 Tunneling Transport . 6 5.5 Pre-rendered Backgrounds 7 5.6 Font Resolution 11 5.7 SMPTE Metadata XML Vocabulary 11 5.8 SMPTE-TT Features from TTML 14 5.9 SMPTE-TT Specific Features . 14 An
3、nex A Bibliography (Informative) . 15 Annex B Chunking (Informative) 16 Annex C XSD Module of SMPTE-TT Extensions (Informative) 18 Copyright 2013 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved June 5, 2013 SMPT ST 2052-1:2013
4、 Page 2 of 18 pages Foreword SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally-recognized standards developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has members in over 80 countries on six continents. SMPTEs Engineering
5、 Documents, including Standards, Recommended Practices, and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Committees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with other standards-developing organizations, includin
6、g ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Documents are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Part XIII of its Administrative Practices. SMPTE ST 2052-1 was prepared by Technology Committee 24TB. Intellectual Property At the time of publication no notice had been received by SMPTE claiming paten
7、t rights essential to the implementation of this Engineering Document. However, attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. SMPTE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Introduction This s
8、ection is entirely informative and does not form an integral part of this Engineering Document. Timed text is an important essence element of information and entertainment programming. Various regulatory bodies and administrations around the world have, in both technical specification and quantitati
9、ve requirement, made various forms of timed text (such as captions or subtitles) a necessary component of content. This Standard provides a framework for timed text to be supported for content delivered via broadband means, taking into consideration the economic and practical necessity of the abilit
10、y to use source data delivered in pre-existing and regionally-specific formats (such as CEA-708, CEA-608, DVB Subtitles, and WST (World System Teletext) as well as text that may be authored or provided in other formats. It is a goal of this Standard to make timed text essence more useful for broadba
11、nd content, with equal status to the associated video and audio essence. Considering however that contemporary broadband content on many platforms (e.g., media players, media extenders, home servers, home networks, etc.) may be intended for display in a consumer electronic environment, and that ther
12、e will be a transition period where such equipment can only utilize pre-existing formats, this Standard also defines functionality for the preservation of legacy formats. It is the intent, however, that new display devices will utilize the more capable TTML timed text structures rather than legacy d
13、ata formats. SMPTE ST 2052-1:2013 Page 3 of 18 pages 1 Scope This Standard defines the SMPTE profile of W3C Timed Text Markup Language (TTML), designated SMPTE- TT, which may represent Captions or Subtitles. It identifies the features from TTML required for interoperability between display systems f
14、or the format. In order to preserve certain semantic features of the input formats, SMPTE-TT also defines some standard metadata terms to be used, and some extension features not found in TTML. 2 Conformance Notation Normative text is text that describes elements of the design that are indispensable
15、 or contains the conformance language keywords: “shall“, “should“, or “may“. Informative text is text that is potentially helpful to the user, but not indispensable, and can be removed, changed, or added editorially without affecting interoperability. Informative text does not contain any conformanc
16、e keywords. All text in this document is, by default, normative, except: the Introduction, any section explicitly labeled as “Informative“ or individual paragraphs that start with “Note: The keywords “shall“ and “shall not“ indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the doc
17、ument and from which no deviation is permitted. The keywords, “should“ and “should not“ indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or th
18、at (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible within the limits of the document. The keyword reserved indicates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not be
19、used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword forbidden indicates reserved and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. A conformant implementation according to this document is one that includes all mandatory provisions (“shall“) and, if implemented, all r
20、ecommended provisions (“should“) as described. A conformant implementation need not implement optional provisions (“may“) and need not implement them as described. Unless otherwise specified, the order of precedence of the types of normative information in this document shall be as follows: Normativ
21、e prose shall be the authoritative definition; Tables shall be next; followed by formal languages; then figures; and then any other language forms. 3 Normative References The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the
22、time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. IETF RFC 2396 (August 1998), Uniform Res
23、ource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax IETF RFC 4648 (October 2006), The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data ISO/IEC 15948:2003. Information Technology Computer Graphics and Image Processing Portable Network Graphics (PNG): Functional Specification SMPT ST 2052-1:2013 Page 4 of 18 pages W3C Timed Text
24、Markup Language (TTML) 1.0, W3C Recommendation 18 November 2010 http:/www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/ W3C Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition), W 3C Recommendation 26 November 2008 W3C Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.1, W3C Recommendation 05 December 2006 4 Definitions and A
25、cronyms For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 4.1 Definitions Caption: textual representation of the audio track, usually including all sounds, and usually in the same language as the audio track dialog, intended for hearing impaired audiences. Chunk: A segment
26、 of a media timeline that forms part of a larger contiguous sequence of timeline segments where each segment has a 1 to 1 mapping with a SMPTE-TT document. Closed Captions: Captions that may be displayed or not displayed depending on user preference. Datatype: A metadata description defining the enc
27、oding format of data. Div: A container section of a TTML document as defined by the W3C TTML standard. Infoset: an abstract Data Model describing the information available from an XML document. Namespace: mechanism for scoping the definitions of names in an XML document. Presentation processor: Hard
28、ware or software that creates a visible rendition of a document as defined in W3C TTML. Subtitle: textual representation of the audio track, usually just the dialog and usually in a language other than the audio track dialog, intended for foreign language audiences. SMPTE-TT document: an encoding of
29、 some XML content conforming to the SMPTE-TT document type. Timed Text: generically all text data sources, including Captions and Subtitles. XInclude: A mechanism for including some XML content within another XML document. 4.2 Acronyms CEA: Consumer Electronics Association DVB: Digital Video Broadca
30、sting MIME : Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions PNG: Portable Network Graphics SMPTE-TT: SMPTE Profile of TTML TTML (W3C): Timed Text Markup Language SMPTE ST 2052-1:2013 Page 5 of 18 pages URI: Universal Resource Identifier W3C: World Wide Web Consortium XML: eXtensible Markup Language XSL: Exte
31、nsible Stylesheet Language 5 SMPTE-TT Format 5.1 Translation Modes 5.1.1 Requirements A SMPTE-TT document describes closed caption or subtitle data for association with a given media asset. Such documents can either be created directly or translated from an existing data source. In this Standard, th
32、e term SMPTE-TT document is used to describe either a directly created document or one translated from an existing data source, which will be referred to in this Standard as a legacy format. In order for users to correctly interpret a translation of a legacy format, it may be required that all displ
33、ay features of the original are preserved in case they are being used to convey meaning. Similarly, the timing of data extraction and preservation of latency, display modes, and any other features that affect a display instant may also be crucial. Translation accuracy may be required to ensure that
34、no meaning is missed by the viewer after the translation. SMPTE-TT, however, allows for features, especially in the area of internationalization and styling that cannot be specified in some legacy formats such as CEA-608. In some cases, it may be preferable to replace legacy features with new presen
35、tation modes where this does not affect the meaning of the content. In order that additional features of SMPTE-TT may be used when translating, this Standard defines two modes of translation: Preserved and Enhanced to meet these two cases. 5.1.2 Modes The mode used for translation shall be recorded
36、in the smpte:information element as defined in Section 5.7.4. Each translated document shall use one of these modes exclusively. Specifics of what constitutes each of these modes for a given legacy format is outside the scope of this Standard and is addressed in the RPs defining the mappings from ot
37、her formats into SMPTE-TT. 5.1.2.1 Preserved mode In Preserved mode, all legacy data shall be correctly converted (e.g., CEA-608 pop-on, roll-up, etc.) such that the resulting TTML rendering is as accurate a representation of the original rendering as possible, given the constraints of the formats.
38、In Preserved mode, if some presentation feature of the original file cannot be captured by any SMPTE-TT feature, this shall be indicated in the header of the file using the smpte:information element as defined in Section 5.7.4. The translation shall continue to preserve as much as possible of the re
39、mainder of the document. 5.1.2.2 Enhanced mode In Enhanced mode, SMPTE-TT shall be used to convey the semantic information of the legacy data, but may differ in its exact presentation. Legacy data may be more liberally interpreted so that exact presentation SMPT ST 2052-1:2013 Page 6 of 18 pages fid
40、elity may not be preserved (e.g., matching of visual effects, typography, and coloring may not be required). All content presented in the same style in the legacy data however, shall be translated to a common destination style. In Enhanced mode, exact output positioning need not be preserved, but ma
41、y be mapped to approximately equivalent grouped areas (e.g., upper third, lower third). In Enhanced mode, exact timing need not be preserved (e.g., in the case of CEA-608, frame accurate replication of onset of each pair of letters is not required, and all characters in a line may be aggregated into
42、 a single onset time where the onset time of the aggregated group is equal to the original onset time of first visible character in the group, and the outgoing time of the aggregated group, the outgoing time of the last character in the group). 5.2 Default Styles TTML leaves some initial style value
43、s to be defined in context. When computing style inheritance, the set of initial style values shall be set according to Table 1. Table 1 Initial style values tts:color white When a SMPTE-TT document with no region defined (using the TTML default region) is presented, the style initial values of Tabl
44、e 2 shall be used. Table 2 Initial style values no region defined tts:displayAlign after tts:textAlign center 5.3 SMPTE Namespaces TTML allows for metadata to be added in private namespaces. SMPTE-TT documents need not use the prefixes in Table 3 although such prefixes are used in examples throughou
45、t this specification. It is assumed that if a full namespace declaration is not given in an example XML fragment then the definitions in Table 3 are set in an outer context. Table 3 Namespaces Name Prefix Value SMPTE smpte: http:/www.smpte-ra.org/schemas/2052-1/2013/smpte-tt SMPTE ST 2052-1:2013 Pag
46、e 7 of 18 pages 5.4 Tunneling Transport 5.4.1 Carriage of Binary Data SMPTE-TT is an XML (as defined in W3C Extensible Markup Language) based format; in order to carry binary data, that data shall be converted into a text format suitable for inclusion into XML. In this section, mechanisms and protoc
47、ols are described for converting the input formats into standard binary formats and then encoding these into SMPTE-TT. This carriage of the original binary data is known as tunneling and allows content producers to preserve the pre-existing Timed Text format in cases where the ultimate destination m
48、ay not be capable of utilizing the TTML translation or where archiving of the exact presentation is required. Binary data shall be carried in SMPTE-TT using a TTML Metadata element and the smpte:data element as shown in Table 4. Table 4 Example of binary data encoded data here. The value of the data
49、type attribute is specific to each binary format and is not defined in this document, but may be found in the RPs defining the mappings from other formats into SMPTE-TT. 5.5 Pre-rendered Backgrounds 5.5.1 Introduction (Informative) Some legacy formats (e.g., DVB Subtitles (see ETSI EN 300 7430) are encoded as image data and no original text version is available. In addition, they may contain logos or other non-text presentations which cannot be readily converted into text. This complicates pure translation into
