1、- 1 -2018 级高一学年 12月份月考英语试题第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt is easier to float in the ocean than it is to float in a swimming pool. Do you know why?Ocean water is full of salt and salt water can hold up more weight than fresh water. See
2、 for yourself!You Will Need: 3 cups of warm water Measuring cup (量杯) Wide-mouthed jar Salt Spoon Raw (生的)potatoYou Will Do:1. Pour 1.5 cups of warm water into the jar.2. Add 1/3 cup of salt.3. Stir(搅拌) until the salt is completely dissolved.4. Add another 1.5 cups of water. Pour it slowly over the b
3、ack of the spoon into the jar so that the two liquids will not mix together.5. Gently place the potato into the jar. Do not drop it.What Will Happen:The potato will sink but only halfway!Why?Salt water is heavier than fresh water, so it will stay on the bottom. The - 2 -fresh water will remain on to
4、p.The potato is heavier than the fresh water, but it is lighter than the salt water. That is why the potato will sink halfway down.1. In the experiment, what should you do right after you pour the water over the spoon?A. Add the salt to the water. B. Stir the salt into the water.C. Place the potato
5、in the jar. D. Pour warm water into thejar.2. In Step 4 of the experiment, why do you pour the water over the spoon “slowly”?A. It is easier to see what you are doing.B. It pushes the fresh water to the bottom.C. It will keep the water from coming out.D. It will keep the liquids from mixing together
6、.3. In which step of the experiment do you add the salt?A. Step 1 B. Step 2C. Step 3 D. Step 4【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】本文介绍了一个证明盐水的浮力比淡水的浮力大的实验。【1 题详解】C细节理解题。根据 You Will Do:中的 5 Gently place the potato into the jar. Do not drop it.可知，在实验中，当你把水倒在勺子上后，你应该把土豆放入坛子中。故选 C.【2 题详解】D细节理解题。根据 Add another 1.5 cup
7、s of water. Pour it slowly over the back of the spoon into the jar so that the two liquid will not mix together中的 so that the two liquid will not mix together指这两种液体不要混在一起。故选 D.【3 题详解】B- 3 -细节理解题。根据 You Will Do:中的 2 Add 1/3 cup of salt.可知，要在第 2步时加盐。故选 B。BCan dogs and cats get along well in the same h
8、ome? People who are thinking about getting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found that if the cat is taken back home before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probabl
9、e that the two pets will get along swimmingly. In two-thirds of the homes cats and dogs have a good relationship.However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression(侵略，好斗) and fighting were found in 10% of the homes.
10、One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different. For example, when a cat turns its head away it means aggression, while a dog doing the same means submission(顺从).In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found a surprising behavior. They are lear
11、ning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk “Dog”, and dogs can learn how to talk “Cat”.Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to become smarter. They can learn to read each others body languages, suggesting that the two may have more i
12、n common than was expected. Once familiar with each others body language, cats and dogs can play together, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.The importance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along well, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even
13、countries. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.4. The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.- 4 -A. early B. mostlyC. quickly D. smoothly5. Some cats and dogs may fight when _.A. they are cold to each otherB. they look away from
14、each otherC. they misunderstand each others body languagesD. they are introduced at an early age6. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _.A. have common interestsB. are less different than thoughtC. have a common body languageD. are not so smart as expected7. What can we human beings le
15、arn from cats and dogs?A. We should learn to get along well with othersB. We should know more about animals.C. We should live in peace with animals.D. We should learn more body languages.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的。如果先收养猫，并且猫不到 6个月，狗不到一年，这个时候他们就能顺利地和平相处。通过观察他们不能和平相处的
16、原因是他们之间误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。人类从中也能学到如何相处。【4 题详解】猜测词意题。根据横线后一句“In two-thirds of the homes cats and dogs have a good relationship.”可知如果先收养猫，并且猫不到 6个月，狗不到一年，也就是说猫狗被收养的时候，如果它们的年龄很小，就能顺利的和平相处。2/3 被采访的家庭的猫狗的情况也表明这样的结果。所以“swimmingly”表示“顺利地” ，与 D项语义一致。故选择 D项。【5 题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段二三句“whi
17、le aggression and fighting were observed in - 5 -10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”可知猫和狗发出的信号是相反的，所以它们之间的打斗主要是由于误解。故 C项正确。【6 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behav
18、ior. They are learning how to talk each others language.”可知猫狗是可以平相处的，它们之间的差别比我们认为的要更小一些。B正确。【7 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一句“If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.”可知如果猫狗都能够和平相处，人们也有和平相处的可能性。也就是说人们从猫狗的身上学会了和平相处。故 A项正确。CJack Ma, whose Chinese name is Ma Yun, became the richest
19、man in China, when the company he founded floated on the stock market last year with a value of around 140 billion. Here are some interesting stories about him.1. “Beer“ was the first word that Jack Ma searched for on the InternetIn 1995 Ma made his first trip to the US and used the Internet for the
20、 first time. After searching for “beer“ and then “China“, he saw that no results came up relating to China. He decided to set up a Chinese website一 the seed for Alibaba had been sown.2. Jack Ma applied to study at Harvard 10 times and was rejected (拒绝) each timeMa failed the entry exams for colleges
21、 in China three times and was also rejected for many jobs in China, including one at KFC. He was turned down by the Harvard 10 times after applying.- 6 -3. Jack Ma learnt English by giving tourists free guides一 every day for nine years.Limited resources meant it was difficult to learn English when M
22、a was young. However, he found that he could learn the language by giving tourists free tours around his hometown of Hangzhou一 something that he did during his teenage years every morning for nine years. He found everything they said and did was so different from what he had been taught at school an
23、d by his parents, which opened his mind.4. Jack Ma named his company Alibaba because its a globally known storyMa simply wanted his company to have a global and interesting name, and realised that Alibaba is a story known across the world and it begins with A, appearing top of lists.The company was
24、founded in 1999 and since then has grown from 15 employees to more than 30,000. Ma hopes to keep expanding Alibaba outside of China.8. Ma Yun decided to set up a Chinese website when _.A. he applied to Harvard B. he visited America for the first timeC. he began to learn English D. he wanted to make
25、a fortune9. Which of the following is not mentioned about Ma Yun in the passage?A. He took the entry exams for colleges three times.B. Some employers didnt offer him a job.C. Harvard turned down his application for his poor English.D. He once wanted to work at KFC.10. Ma Yuns experience of learning
26、English tells us that _.A. he is a man with strong will B. he made a lot of money as a guideC. he accepted the values of foreigners D. what he had been taught at school was wrong.11. From the passage we can conclude that Ma Yun will_.A. make more profit (利润) abroad. B. settle in AmericaC. merge (合并)
27、 with other companies D. expand his business in China【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A- 7 -【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，马云成为了中国首富，文章介绍了与马云相关的 4个故事。【8 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In 1995 Ma made his first trip to the US and used the Internet for the first time. After searching for “beer“ and then “China“, he saw that no results came
28、 up relating to China.”可知 1995年马云去美国的时候，使用网络搜索“beer”和“China” ，他发现网络上没有中国相关的内容，于是他决定设立一个中文网站。故 B项正确。【9 题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“He was turned down by the Harvard 10 times after applying.”可知文章只提及哈佛十次拒绝了马云，但是并没有说明拒绝的具体原因。故 C项符合题意，选择 C项。【10 题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“However, he found that he could learn the languag
29、e by giving tourists free tours around his hometown of Hangzhousomething that he did during his teenage years every morning for nine years.”可知为了学习英语，马云连续九年免费给外国游客做导游。这足以这说明他是一个意志坚定的人。故 A项正确。【11 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一句“Ma hopes to keep expanding Alibaba outside of China.”可知马云希望能够把阿里巴巴的业务开展到国外，赚外国人的钱。故 A项正确。
30、DAre you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time about eight hours
31、 after you wake up your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period
32、and then for one short period about eight hours later.- 8 -In many parts of the world, people take naps in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any c
33、limate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease.Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking
34、naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This
35、can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.12. Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text？A. They eat too much for lunch.B. They sleep too little at night.C. Their body temperature be
36、comes lower.D. The weather becomes a lot warmer.13. If you get up at 6:30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap？A. About 12:30 pm.B. About 1:30 pm.C. About 2:30 pm.D. About 3:30 pm.14. Why do employers not allow workers to take naps？A. taking naps is no good for health.B. taking naps may l
37、ead to heart attack.C. taking naps may lead to low working efficiency.D. taking naps takes up the working time and reduces production.15. What would be the best title for the text？A. Just for a Rest- 9 -B. All for a NapC. A Special Sleep Pattern.D. Taking Naps in Warmer Climate.【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D
38、 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章分析了人们午后疲惫的原因是体温下降了，人们累了或者是在夏天的午后都会休息或睡觉，休息好对于人们的身体是有好处的。【12 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第六七句“At that time about eight hours after you wake up your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.”可知让人们疲惫的原因是体温的下降。故 C项正确。【13 题详解】数据计算题。根据第一段第六句“At that time abo
39、ut eight hours after you wake up your body temperature goes down.”和最后一段 Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.可知起床八小时以后是最适合小睡的时间。题干中提到早晨 6:30起来，8 小时以后就是下午 2：30.故 C项正确。【14 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Thou
40、gh doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it!”很多工人没有午休的时间，是因为老板不允许他们这样。午休要占据工人的工作时间，会减少利润。故 D项正确。【15 题详解】主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，文章分析了人们午后疲惫的原因是体温下降了，人们累了或者是在夏天的午后都会休息或睡觉，休息好对于人们的身体是有好处的。A 项 rest不够精确，CD 项说法错误。故 B项正确。【点睛】本文小题 4考查了主旨大意题。A 项中提及的名词 rest比 B项中的名词 nap范围更大。出题者使用了扩缩范围原则。英语文章为了表达的准确、严密
41、，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上 almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually 等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，- 10 -从而导致错误。例子：More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been slow. In the
42、 early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday. This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Antony Jones.Q：Accordi
43、ng to the passage, which of the following is True?A. Company workers started to dress down about 30 years ago.B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress
44、people.个案解析：此题中的选项 B就是属于扩大了范围。原文提到雇主允许雇员在 Friday穿着较为随便的衣服，而不是 every day，此题的正确答案为 D。第二节（共 5小题，每小题 2分，满分 10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Survive High SchoolHigh school can be a terrible phase if you get it all wrong. Find out how to survive high school with a few easy tips.1. Be Yo
45、urself.High school is a fun time to make new friends, meet new people, date and socialize. Make friends with all kinds of people and not just a group which you are comfortable with. Most peer pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen. _16_Dont give in to anyones wants.2._17_Ch
46、oose your friends carefully and make sure you wont get influenced by anyone. Socialize, but by judging who you can connect to. You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who dont want to be your friends as a bad company is tempting, but the good one is true.- 11 -3. Be Optimistic.There is no
47、thing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can. _18_Dont be afraid to make friends, dont get aggressive or personal with anyone and treat others the way you want to be treated. Respect your teachers and classmates and try to be helpful if you want the same in return.4. Be Confident.W
48、hen you believe in yourself, others believe in you. Talk, walk and address people confidently and this will create a strong image about you. _19_ Be creative and unique and learn to set trends. Confidence is one quality you grow with, and people respect you for that.5. Love High School._20_Make the
49、most out of it, and you will never get those moments back. Come up with frank ideas, get a detention(留堂), top your class, make the best friends, drink, go to prom, party, but just make as many memories as you can!With these tips to survive high school, you will surely be proud of graduating as an all-round approaching adult carrying the best roots. So, when you throw those hats in the air, feel the freedom and remember every moment you spent in “High School”.A. And always
