2018_2019学年高中数学第二章基本初等函数(Ⅰ)2.3幂函数课件新人教A版必修1.ppt

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1、2.3 幂 函 数,我们先看下面几个具体问题:,(1) 如果张红购买了每千克1元的蔬菜w千克,那么她需要支付p=w元,这里p是w的函数;,(2) 如果正方形的边长为a,那么正方形的面积S=a2,这里S是a的函数;,(3) 如果立方体的边长为a,那么立方体的体积V=a3,这里V是a的函数;,(4) 如果某人t 秒内骑车行进了1 km,那么他骑车的平均速度v=t-1 km/s,这里v是t 的函数.,思考:这些函数有什么共同的特征?,引例,他们有以下共同特点:,(1)都是函数;,(3) 均是以自变量为底的幂;,(2) 指数为常数.,一般地,函数y =x叫做幂函数,其中x是自变量,是常数.,注意: 幂

2、函数中的可以为任意实数.,理论,判断下列函数是否为幂函数.,(1) y=x4;,(3) y= -x2 ;,(5) y=2x2 ;,(6) y=x3+2 ;,练习,在同一平面直角坐标系内作出幂函数y=x,y=x2,y=x3,y=x1/2,y=x-1的图象:,演示,做一做,幂函数的性质,理论,(1) 所有的幂函数在(0,+)都有定义, 并且图象都通过点(1,1);,(2) 如果,则幂函数图象过原点,并且在区间0,+)上是增函数;,(3) 如果,则幂函数图象在区间(0,+)上是减函数,在第一象限内,当x从右边趋向于原点时,图象在y轴右方无限地逼近y轴,当x趋向于+时,图象在y轴上方无限地逼近x轴;,(4) 当为奇数时,幂函数为奇函数;当为偶数时,幂函数为偶函数,幂函数的性质,理论,例1 证明幂函数 在 0,+)上是增函数,举例,例2 比较下列各组数的大小;,利用幂函数的增减性比较两个数的大小. 当不能直接进行比较时,可在两个数中间 插入一个中间数,间接比较上述两个数的 大小.,注意,举例,(1) 幂函数的定义;,(2) 幂函数的性质;,(3) 利用幂函数的单调性判别大小.,小结,

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