2019高考数学二轮复习考前冲刺三突破6类解答题第五类解析几何问题重在“设”——设点、设线课件.ppt

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1、第五类 解析几何问题重在“设”设点、设线,解析几何试题知识点多、运算量大、能力要求高,综合性强,在高考试题中大都是以压轴题的面貌出现,是考生“未考先怕”的题型,不是怕解题无思路,而是怕解题过程中繁杂的运算.因此,在遵循“设列解”程序化解题的基础上,应突出解析几何“设”的重要性,以克服平时重思路方法、轻运算技巧的顽疾,突破如何避繁就简这一瓶颈.,解 (1)设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),,设直线AB的方程为yxm,(设线) 故线段AB的中点为N(2,2m),|MN|m1|.,所以直线AB的方程为xy70.,探究提高 1.(1)设点:设出A,B两点坐标,并得出x1x2,x1x24. (2)设

2、线:由(1)知直线斜率,再设直线方程为yxm,利用条件可求出m的值. 2.破解策略:解析几何的试题常要根据题目特征,恰当地设点、设线,以简化运算.常见的设点方法有减元设点、参数设点、直接设点等,常见的设线方法有圆方程的标准式与一般式、直线方程有ykxb、xmyn及两点式、点斜式等形式、还有曲线系方程、参数方程等.,【训练5】 (2018昆明教学质量检测)在直角坐标系xOy中,已知定圆M:(x1)2y236,动圆N过点F(1,0)且与圆M相切,记动圆圆心N的轨迹为曲线C.(1)求曲线C的方程;(2)设A,P是曲线C上两点,点A关于x轴的对称点为B(异于点P),若直线AP,BP分别交x轴于点S,T,证明:|OS|OT|为定值.,(1)解 因为点F(1,0)在圆M:(x1)2y236内, 所以圆N内切于圆M,则|NM|NF|6|FM|, 由椭圆定义知,圆心N的轨迹为椭圆,且2a6,c1,则a29,b28,,(2)证明 设P(x0,y0),A(x1,y1),S(xS,0),T(xT,0), 则B(x1,y1),由题意知x0x1,,

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