七年级数学上册第二章有理数2.3相反数同步课件(新版)华东师大版.ppt

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1、2.3 相反数,做一做,在数轴上,画出表示以下两对数的点:-6 和 6 , 1.5 和 -1,5 .,想一想在数轴上,表示每对数的点有什么相同?,在数轴上, -6和6位于原点两旁,且与原点的距离相等,也就是说,它们相对于原点的位置距离相同只有方向不同.1.5 和 -1.5也是这样.,象这样只有符号不同的两个数叫做互为相反数 (opposite number),如9 和- 9 互为相反数.即 9是- 9 的相反数. - 9是9 的相反数. 再如2的相反数是2,2的相反数是2;5的相反数是5,5的相反数是5.,一般地,a和 -a 互为相反数,我们规定,0的相反数仍是0.,思考:数轴上表示相反数的两

2、个点和原点有什么关系?,在数轴上表示互为相反数的两数的点分别位于原点的两旁,且与原点的距离相等.,我们通常把在一个数前面添上“-”号,表示这个数的相反数.例如 -(-4)=4, -(+5.5)=-5.5,- 0 = 0. 同样,在一个数前面添上“+”号,表示这个数本身. 例如 +(-4)=-4,+(+12)=12,+ 0 = 0.,例2 化简下列各数: (1) -(+10); (2) +(-0.15) (3) +(+3) (4) -(-20),解 (1)-(+10)=-10 (2)+(-0.15)=-0.15 (3)+(+3)=+3 = 3 (4)-(-20)=20,课堂练习:,1.判断下列语句是否正确,为什么? (1) 符号相反的两个数叫做互为相反数; (2)互为相反数的两个数不一定一个是正数,一个是负数; (3)相反数和我们以前学过的倒数是一样的.,课堂练习: 2.回答下列问题: (1)什么数的相反数大于本身? (2)什么数的相反数等于本身? (3)什么数的相反数小于本身?,负数,正数,0,知识结构图,谢谢观看!,

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