安徽省2019年中考数学一轮复习第一讲数与代数第一章数与代数1.1实数测试.doc

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1、1第一讲 数与代数第一章 数与式1.1 实 数 学用 P2过关演练 (30 分钟 60 分)1.九章算术中注有“今两算得失相反,要令正负以名之”,意思是:今有两数若其意义相反,则分别叫做正数与负数 .若气温为零上 10 记作 +10 ,则 -3 表示气温为 (B)A.零上 3 B.零下 3 C.零上 7 D.零下 7 【解析】若气温为零上 10 记作 +10 ,则 -3 表示气温为零下 3 .2.(2018内蒙古通辽) 的倒数是 (A)12018A.2018 B.-2018 C.- D.12018 12018【解析】根据倒数的定义得 2018=1,因此 的倒数是 2018.12018 1201

2、83.(2018湖北荆门) 8 的相反数的立方根是 (C)A.2 B. C.-2 D.-12 12【解析】8 的相反数是 -8,-8 的立方根是 -2,则 8 的相反数的立方根是 -2.4.(2018四川内江) 小时候我们用肥皂水吹泡泡,其泡沫的厚度约 0.000326 毫米,用科学记数法表示为 (A)A.3.2610-4毫米 B.0.32610-4毫米C.3.2610-4厘米 D.32.610-4厘米【解析】0 .000326 毫米用科学记数法表示为 3.2610-4毫米 .5.(2018六安模拟) 在 -2,0, ,2 四个数中,最小的是 (A)12A.-2 B.0 C. D.2122【解

3、析】由正数大于零,零大于负数,得 -23),那么它们的乘积是一个 4 位数,前两位数字是 A 和( A+1)的乘积,后两位数字就是 B 和 C 的乘积 .如:47 43=2021,6169=4209.(1)请你直接写出 8387 的值 .(2)设这两个两位数的十位数字为 x(x3),个位数字分别为 y 和 z(y+z=10),通过计算验证这两个两位数的乘积为 100x(x+1)+yz.(3)9999199999= . 解:(1)7221 .(2)这两个两位数的十位数字为 x(x3),个位数字分别为 y 和 z,则由题知 y+z=10,因而有(10 x+y)(10x+z)=100x2+10xz+

4、10xy+yz=100x2+10x(y+z)+yz=100x2+100x+yz=100x(x+1)+yz.(3)19=9;9199=9009;991999=990009;所以 9999199999=9999000009.7.计算: -2-1+| -2|-3tan 30.12 3解:原式 =2 +2- -3 .312 3 33=328.小明在初三复习归纳时发现初中阶段学习了三个非负数,分别是: a 2; ;|a| (a 是任意实数) .于是他结合所学习的三个非负数的知识,自己编了一道题:已知( x+2)2+|x+y-1|=0,求 xy的值 .请你利用非负数的知识解答这个问题 .解: (x+2)2+|x+y-1|=0, +2=0,+-1=0,解得 =-2,=3, x y=(-2)3=-8,即 xy的值是 -8.

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