1、Designation: C930 19Standard Classification ofPotential Health and Safety Concerns Associated WithThermal Insulation Materials and Accessories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Th
3、is classification identifies potential concerns and ef-fects that could result from direct contact with thermal insula-tion materials and accessories, or be caused by indirect actionof events such as aging, fire, or physical disturbance.1.2 Intent of Classification:1.2.1 It is the intent of this cla
4、ssification to alert others topotential concerns, effects, hazards, or risk.1.2.2 It is not the intent of this classification to establish thedegree of risk or hazard or limiting values of potential hazards.1.2.3 It is not the intent of this classification to establish orrecommend methods or marking
5、s to reduce or mitigate thepotential; however, it is recognized that correct procedures andprecautionary measures can substantially reduce or eliminatesome of the potential concerns, effects, hazards, or risks.NOTE 1See Appendix X1 for commentary.1.3 This classification recognizes the responsibility
6、 of pro-ducers and users, as appropriate, to: (1) provide information onknown effects or hazards, (2) advise on established safety andhealth practices, and (3) determine applicable regulatory re-quirements.1.4 This classification does not address the health and safetyconcerns of thermal insulation m
7、aterials and accessories duringmanufacture.1.5 Omission of an item from this classification does notimply an absence of potential concerns or effects.1.6 There is no importance in the order of listing.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized princi
8、ples on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards2C1055 Guide for Heated System Surf
9、ace Conditions thatProduce Contact Burn Injuries3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 degree of riskthe probability or expected frequencyof the event, multiplied by the expected magnitude of exposureand the potential for harm.3.1.2 direct contactthe straightforward t
10、ouching resultingfrom use, manipulation, placement, etc.3.1.3 hazarda condition or set of circumstances thatpresents a specific injury or adverse health potential.3.1.4 indirect action or eventsthe actions or events thatare not directly created by, or straightforwardly caused by, theperson(s) potent
11、ially exposed to the effects or hazards.3.1.5 potentialthe possible as opposed to the actual; thatwhich may, but has not yet, come into being; that which islatent, unrealized.3.1.6 riskthe exposure to chance of injury or illness orloss.3.1.6.1 DiscussionRisk is a combination of hazard and theprobabi
12、lity of harm.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this classification is to identify potentialconcerns and effects which may occur during the life cycle(installation, service, removal, and disposal) of insulationmaterials and accessories resulting from direct contact orindirect action or events
13、.4.2 This classification does not identify remedial or preven-tive steps that may be taken to correct potential problems orhazards; rather it is intended as a checklist that will make it1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct respon
14、sibility of Subcommittee C16.40 onInsulation Systems.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C930 18. DOI:10.1520/C0930-19.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
15、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was
16、developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1easier to deal
17、 constructively with these potentials, and todetermine what, if any, specific requirements need to be addedto other standards concerning insulation materials or accesso-ries. (See Appendix X2 for sources of information.)4.3 This classification recognizes that proper handling andinstallation procedur
18、es can substantially reduce the potentialconcerns and effects. Further, it recognizes that in somesituations the presence or creation of potential effects orhazards results from an intervening act of human or naturalorigin, or depends on access to or contact with the materials oraccessories. Lack of
19、 compatibility of the individual compo-nents of an insulation system with each other or the environ-mental conditions within which the system will operate, orboth, may create unanticipated effects. (See Appendix X3.)5. Basis of Classification5.1 Classification is based on several broad groupings ofp
20、otential concerns that could result from direct contact withthermal insulation materials and accessories, or be caused byindirect actions or events.5.2 Potentials that occur from direct contact or indirectaction or events are described as follows:5.2.1 Potential Health EffectsThose effects that crea
21、te riskof temporary or permanent changes in normal body functionsand biochemical activity. The latter may involve vapors (suchas organic solvent fumes), corrosive liquids (acids, alkalies,and organics), and solids (usually high surface area particu-lates) that react with body tissues or fluids.5.2.1
22、.1 A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is required by theOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S.Department of Labor (29 CFR 1910.1200) for hazardouschemicals produced in the United States, or imported. (TheSDS for any product or material is issued and available fromthe organization producin
23、g the product or material.)5.2.1.2 The SDS for any insulation product, system, oraccessory (including adhesives) should be obtained and re-viewed to determine any potential effect on humans using orinstalling the material.5.2.1.3 When tests are included in a standard, the SDS forchemicals required s
24、hould be reviewed to ensure that properguidance for safe handling and use is incorporated.5.2.2 Potential Traumatic Injury Effects (Table 1)Theseeffects may result from sharp or rough materials or accessorieswhich have protrusions or abrasive surfaces, causeoverheating, or transmit electrical energy
25、, and generally requiredirect contact with the material or accessory causinglacerations, abrasions, punctures, etc.5.2.3 Potential Effects Resulting from CombustionThoseeffects that result principally from the emission of heat, gases(toxic and non-toxic), fibers, particulates, and depletion ofoxygen
26、 which takes place during combustion that exposes orinvolves insulation materials or accessories. The exposureeffects can result from the actual combustion process or fromthe effluents that originate as a consequence of the combustion.Combustion can cause thermal effects (burns or scalds), toxiceffe
27、cts (resulting from the inhalation of asphyxiant or irritantcombustion products, typically contained in the vapor phase),TABLE 1 Potential Traumatic InjuryInsulation Product,System, or AccessoryPotential Exposure Potential Effect on HumansCellular glass abrasive surface Contact may abrade skinEncaps
28、ulated or reflective insulation high surface temperature Contact may cause thermal burns.Insulation materials and accessories application of thermal insulationaround or adjacent to electricalwiring or fixtures (particularlyimportant if the covering on theelectrical circuit is old) mayproduce:A(a) ov
29、erheating that could resultin deterioration of the wirecovering and contact withelectrical energyElectrical shock(b) if subject to moistureaccumulation could result indeterioration of the wire coveringand contact with electrical energyElectrical shock(c) overheating that could resultin fireThermal b
30、urnsMan-made vitreous fibers:GlassMineral woolRefractoryfiber stalks or bundles Contact may abrade or puncture skin.Metal encapsulated or reflective insulation electrically conductive Contact may transmit electrical energy iftouching an electrical circuit resulting in minoror serious electrical shoc
31、k.Metal foil electrically conductive Contact may transmit electrical energy iftouching an electrical circuit resulting in minoror serious electrical shock.Sheet metal lagging, bands, fasteners, sheetmetalsharp or pointed edges Contact may cause skin cuts, tears orpunctures.AAlso see Table 2.C930 192
32、dermal effects (such as skin irritation) and impaired vision dueto smoke obscuration. In some cases, smoke, or some toxicantscontained in smoke, can cause eye irritation and other healtheffects. The principal effect of smoke obscuration is not anactual health effect but the resulting loss of visibil
33、ity, which canimpair egress or rescue, or both, in case of fire. The effectsresulting from combustion (or fire) are a function of thematerial (or materials) involved in the fire, the fire scenario andthe amount of material that has burnt. Any combustibleinsulation material has the potential to be in
34、volved in fires.ASTM Committees E05 (on Fire Standards), E34 (on Occu-pational Health and Safety) and F23 (on Protective Clothing),as well as NFPA (National Fire Protection Association), SFPE(Society of Fire Protection Engineers) are potential resourcesto better understand the effects of combustion
35、or fire.5.2.4 Potential Effects from Structural Conditions (Table2)Those effects that result principally from the overloadingor deterioration of structural members of a building resulting infailure of the structure, or a portion of it, and its collapse onoccupants.5.2.5 Guidance on Burn Injuries. Gu
36、ide C1055 providesguidance on burn injuries associated with heated systemsurface contacts.6. Keywords6.1 hazards; health effects; injury; safetyC930 193APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 Background of StandardThe original concept was todevelop two standards that alert task groups
37、 writing standardsto safety and health concerns associated with thermal insula-tion materials and accessories during installation and afterinstallation. Classification C930 80 resulted from a numberof drafts and concerned the effects during installation.X1.1.1 Subsequently attention was given to the
38、 effectsafterinstallation and a proposed classification standard pro-ceeded through a number of drafts, with several new ap-proaches to the classification and information presented.Finally, it was agreed there was sufficient similarity betweenthe existing standard (Classification C930 80) and thepro
39、posed, so that they should be combined into one standard(Oct. 1982 Subcommittee meeting).X1.1.2 Early revisions combined the concerns and effectsassociated with thermal insulation materials and accessoriesduring installation, and (after) when remodeling, or retrofitting,or as a result of indirect ac
40、tion or events.X1.1.3 This classification is intended as a resource docu-ment intended solely to alert standards writers and users ofinsulating materials and accessories to potentials. It is mostemphatically not an evaluation of comparative risks, nor is it apredictor of inevitable problems. No effo
41、rt has been made toaddress the numerous preventive or remedial measures avail-able to manufacturers and users, even though it is recognizedthat many of these are routinely used. The user in a corporatesense has a responsibility to advise the installer (tradesman), asan employee, of the information s
42、upplied by the manufacturer.X1.1.4 During deliberations on the revision of C930 80,many requests to add qualifying or explanatory phrases andfootnotes that indicate increased or decreased potential riskwith specific products were received. It became clear that thisqualifying or explanatory informati
43、on would move the classi-fication into territory beyond its own scope by noting palliativemeasures and assigning degrees of risk to some products andnot others. Consequently, it was agreed that the tables shouldnot contain comparative risk information.X1.1.5 The tables are non-qualitative, non-quant
44、itative listsof potential hazards to be used by standards writers,manufacturers, and users who are responsible for taking thepotentials into account. Thus, they are no more, no less, thanchecklists.X1.1.6 OSHA (Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration, U.S. Department of Labor) Regulation onHaza
45、rd Communication 29 CFR 1910.1200 has been imple-mented since Classification C930 was originally developed.The use and availability of Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) hasbecome widespread. Standards writers and users should referto SDSs and applicable federal, state, and local laws andregulations for pote
46、ntial health effects.X1.2 Basis of ClassificationParagraph 5.2.1 reflects arevised approach to identifying potential health effects onhumans through use of the SDS, which are readily availableand which provide comprehensive, up-to-date information.TABLE 2 Potential Effects Resulting from Structural
47、ConditionsInsulation Product,System, or AccessoryPotential Exposure Potential Effect onHumansInsulation materials and accessories contact with metal structuralcomponents may result inoxidation of the metalLong term structural weakening or failure andcollapse on occupants.additional weight load to st
48、ructureplus snow or ice.Structural failure and collapse on occupants ifdesign characteristics are not reevaluated priorto installation.C930 194X2. SOURCES OF INFORMATIONX2.1 Where questions arise about the effects of a specificinsulation component, by itself, or in combination with othermaterials in
49、 a system for use in a specific environment, the firstsource for knowledgeable information is the component orsystem manufacturer and it should be the first contact forinformation. Information from trade or industry associations,government agencies, and others should be regarded as sec-ondary. Some potentially useful generic sources are listedbelow, but that list is not intended to be comprehensive. American Chemistry Council (ACC)()700 Second Street, NEWashington, DC 20002 American Conference of Governmental IndustrialHygienists (A
