1、共 10 页 第 1 页 2017 年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题 科目名称及代码： 基础英语 612 适用专业（领域） ： 外国语言学及应用语言学 考试需带的工具： 考生注意事项： 1 所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效； 2 按试题顺序答题，在答题 纸上标明题目序号。 I. Paraphrase（ 20 points, 2 points each） Write your answer on the answer sheet 1. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered i
2、t. 2. Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. 3. Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instance. 4. The case had erupted round my head. 5. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied- a cosmos. 6. T
3、hey are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef. 7. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalists and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A. 8. Conversation is not for making a point. 9. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. 10.
4、 Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. II. Vocabulary and Grammar（ 20 points, 1 point each） Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 共 10 页 第 2 页 1. _dull
5、he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. A Although B whatever C As D However 2. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! A would B could C should D might 3. The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. A by which B for which C to which D at which 4. Its high
6、time we _ cutting down the rainforests. A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 5 The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend. A has found B was finding C had found D would find 6. Arent you tired? I _ you had done enough for today. A. should have thought
7、B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought 7. “It seems that she was there at the conference.“ The sentence means that A. she seems to be there at the conference. B. she seemed to be there at the conference. C. she seems to have been there at the conference. D. she seemed to be
8、ing there at the conference. 8. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete “ _ everybody came“? A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost 9. In “How much do you think he earns?“ how much is _ of the sentence. A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement 共 10 页 第
9、3 页 10. “The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer“ has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents. C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents. 11. Keep this
10、 reference book; it may come in _ one day. A. handy B. useful C. convenient D. helpful 12. The questions that the speaker raised were well _ the average adult. A. past B. on C. beyond D. through 13. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) _ of learning. A. design B. instrument C
11、. agency D. tool 14. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act _. A. sensitively B. imaginatively C. efficiently D. accordingly 15. At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university, but now he seems _ on becoming a computer programmer. A. fit B. set C. disp
12、osed D. decided 16. Developing countries should adopt labor-intensive technologies to _ their comparative advantage of abundant labor. A. use B. exploit C. employ D. explore 17. The tests show the earlier in life a person hears a sound the longer it is . A. retained B. preserved C. remained D. reser
13、ved 18. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever . 共 10 页 第 4 页 A. understated B. undertaken C. undergone D. underneath 19. Good relationship between partners are the rudders which steer joint ventures through waters. A. troublesome B. troubled C. troublous D. disturbed 20.
14、 The lack of manners and common politeness is not to business deals. Its a social blank. A. exclusive B. inclusive C. elusive D. impassive III. Cloze (30 points, 1.5 points each） Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correspondi
15、ng letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. In Japan, most people still feel that a womans place is in the home; and most women willingly accept their 1 role as wife, leaving the business of making a living 2 their husbands. For those who do want a 3 of their own, opportunit
16、ies are limited, and working women usually have to 4 for lower wages, fewer promotions, less responsible 5 . In America, on the other hand, most women, 6 wives and mothers, work most of their lives. But 7 , few have had real careers. As in Japan most fields are 8 by men and opportunities for women h
17、ave been 9 , salaries low, chances for advancement 10 . American women work mainly because they 11 ; in these days of inflation and luxury living, 12 income per family is simply not enough to 13 . So American women actually have two jobs; one nine to five position outside the home, and 14 round- the
18、- clock in the-home job 15 wife. Housemaid, cook, and nurse. One of the main goals of the modern womens liberation movement, which started 16 , was to eliminate sex discrimination in the work force, and to 17 careers for women that were previously 18 for men. And though there is still a long 共 10 页
19、第 5 页 way to 19 , a lot of progress has been 20 . 1. A) conservative B) usual C) traditional D) unhappy 2. A) for B) with C) up to D) away with 3. A) job B) career C) profession D) post 4. A) settle B) request C) ask D) search 5. A) titles B) status C) assignments D) positions 6. A) concerning B) in
20、cluding C) containing D) involving 7. A) at present B) until recently C) recently D) not until recently 8. A) owned B) kept C) led D) dominated 9. A) restricted B) bounded C) reduced D) prohibited 10. A) small B) inadequate C) rare D) scarce 11. A) should B) ought C) like D) have to 12. A) one B) si
21、ngle C) only D) the one 13. A) live B) live on C) feed on D) support 14. A) another B) one C) other D) the other 15. A) such as B) like C) as D) acting 16. A) in the early 1960s B) in early the 1960s C) early in the 1960 D) in the early 1960 17. A) lead to B) open up C) offer D) set up 18. A) preser
22、ved B) observed C) concerned D) reserved 19. A) go B) travel C) strive D) pull through 20. A) made B) taken C) covered D) completed IV. Reading（ 40 points, 2 points each） Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter
23、 on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage 1 Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News. He has done exposes of New York Citys welfare hotels, 共 10 页 第 6 页 the over-pricing of prescription drugs, and drug abuse. In 197
24、1, he received the Associated Press Broadcaster of the Year award for the program Drug Crisis in East Harlem. He received the award again in 1972 for the program Migrants, Dirt Cheap. His most famous expose however was done on the horrible conditions at Staten Islands Willowbrook State School. It is
25、 the worlds largest institution for the mentally disabled. His investigation began when he and his camera crew gained access to one of the building. Geraldos emotionally charged reports exposed the unsanitary conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of the patients. He cried over what he
26、discovered, and he made his viewers cry, too. The programs created a public plea for reform, and changes were made. Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York restored $20 million to the schools slashed budget. The programs-Willowbrook earned him the Scripps-Howard Award, an Emmy， and the Robert F. Ken
27、nedy Journalism Award. Geraldo Rivera has continued working for the mentally disabled. He founded One-to-One, a charity that provides small group homes for the care of the mentally disabled in the community. He hosts huge outdoor festivals for the mentally disabled in New York Citys Central Park. He
28、 also wrote a book about some of the courageous people he has met as an investigative journalist. It is called A Special Kind of Courage. As he himself says, “I make no pretense of objectivity. But Im not just in the business of making people cry. Im in the business of change.” 1. Geraldo Rivera is
29、working as a(n)_ A) news reporter for a newspaper in New York B) investigative reporter for a special TV program C) investigative officer of the New York government D) philanthropist for the welfare of the mentally disabled 2. How many awards did Rivera receive for his work? A) Two B) There C) Four
30、D) Five 3. Riveras investigation and expose on the conditions at Willowbrook State School led to _. A) the public concern and request for changes. 共 10 页 第 7 页 B) the improvement of the conditions there. C) a considerable increase in the schools budget D) all of the above 4. The term “One -to-One” i
31、n the 3rd paragraph refers to_. A) an organization in the community that helps take better care of the mentally disabled B) a device that helps the mentally disabled behave themselves C) an organization that provides homes for the mentally disabled D) a hospital that helps cure the mentally disabled
32、 Passage 2 In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two
33、basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning.” This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face a
34、nd voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning.” This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and
35、 learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother m
36、ore. Every day, we grow and have new experience. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? 共 10 页 第 8 页 If a person is nice to us, cares about u
37、s, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, di
38、scomfort, and anger. 5. The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to_ A) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions B) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning C) give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through
39、learning D) discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced 6. If you jokes often find a ready echo in a person, you will learn through _that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence A) classical conditioning
40、 B) operant conditioning C) neither of them D) some other sorts of conditioning 7. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through_ A) classic
41、al conditioning B) operant conditioning C) both of them D) neither of them 8. In the third paragraph, the author is . A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day B) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning C) concentrating on learning by reading, watchi
42、ng television, interacting with people, and so on D) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning Passage 3 A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on 共 10 页 第 9 页 communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In
43、 each experiment, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population
44、to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of
45、social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding. The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, wit
46、hout their mothers care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, Mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological. The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by over population. Each of these strong m
47、ales claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature ra
48、ts. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding. Nondominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other nondominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other. The behavior of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. Pe
