1、英语阅读(一)自考题-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Long ago Tasmania was attached to the landmass now known as the Australian mainland. Over the ages the great landmass slowly shifted and split and the section we now know as Tasmania detached. As the last Ice Age
2、 ended the sea level increased, forming the stretch of water now called Bass Strait.We also know that aboriginal people have inhabited Tasmania for at least 20,000 years. The first known Europeans to visit the island included the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman who called the Island “Van Diemans Land“ in
3、 honour of his patron. On that same voyage Tasman also made landfall in New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji. In 1770 explorer James Cook claimed “the great south land“ for Britain and three years later the French explorer du Fresne and his crew encountered aboriginals on the Tasmanian coast in a skirmish se
4、veral aboriginals were shot. In 1802 the British established a small penal and whaling colony on the Derwent River at Risdon Cove.There were two major reasons for the British to establish a base in Tasmania. They intended to use the island as a place to dump convicts, six months voyage away from the
5、 British Isles. They also wanted to protect their claim to the land, especially against their long-term enemy, the French, and to exclude other countries from the rich whaling and sealing ground around the islands.（分数：10.00）(1).The stretch of water formed at the end of the last Ice Age is now called
6、 _. A. Tasmania B. Derwent River C. Risdon Cove D. Bass Strait（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, all the following Europeans explored Tasmania except _. A. Abel Tasman B. James Cook C. Van Dieman D. du Fresne（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).When did explorer James Cook claim Tasmania for Britain? A.
7、 In 1770. B. In 1773. C. In !802. D. In 1820.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).How long did it take the exiled convicts to get to Tasmania from the British Isles by sea? A. 3 months. B. 6 months. C. 10 months. D. 1 year.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.三、B第二部分 非选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)To avoid the various foolish
8、 opinions to which mankind are prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that U U 1 /
9、U /U, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because U U 2 /U /U; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until U U 3 /U /U. Aristotle, however, was less cau
10、tious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because U U 4 /U /U.Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, U U 5 /U /U, there are way
11、s in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that U U 6 /U /U. If some one maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless U U 7 /U /Uthat his opinion shakes
12、 your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because U U 8 /U /U, but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a d
13、ifference of opinion, U U 9 /U /U; you will probably find, on examination, that U U 10 /U /U. It is a good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of biased opinions to become aware of those different from your own,A. I have been told that they doB. be on your guardC. he had never seen one of themD.
14、 I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing dietE. you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you doF. man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little comer of the universeG. you know so little of arithmetic or geographyH. the question is one to which there
15、 is no demonstrably right answerI. women have fewer teeth than menJ. your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrantsK. in arithmetic there is knowledgeL. you have passionate convictions on many such matters（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、B(总题数
16、10，分数：20.00)1.(caution) She is 1 about spending money.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.(convict) If, like most of mankind, you have passionate 1 on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.(profit) Most of the schools in China are running on a 1 bas
17、is, operating within their budgets.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.(conscious) If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are 1 aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.(imagine) The mind of storytellers must have great 1 powers.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.(ev
18、ident) But that, according to a growing body of scientific 1, would also be a bad idea.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.(finance) I am 1 embarrassed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.(polite) As a student, he should not treat his teacher 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.(distract) The sight of the little Breton peasant who did her humble hous
19、ework aroused in her despairing regrets and 1 dreams.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.(evolve) The Time Traveler realizes that this is the end of human（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_六、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)make similar to avoid bring tell unless until which contrary to from aware of proneTo avoid the various foolish opinions to whic
20、h mankind are U U 1 /U /U, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, hut U U 2 /U /Usilly errors.If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have U U 3 /U /Uthe mistake of thinking that women h
21、ave fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you dont is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles,
22、 because I have been U U 4 /U /Uthat they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself U U 5 /U /UI had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; no
23、t one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.Many matters, however, are less easily U U 6 /U /Uto the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you ca
24、n make yourself U U 7 /U /Uyour own bias. If an opinion U U 8 /U /Uyour own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than
25、anger, U U 9 /U /Uyou know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to U U 10 /U /Uthere is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmeti
26、c there is knowledge, but in the theology there is only opinion.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、B(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. U U 1 /U /UUBoth men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of th
27、e superior excellence of their own sex./U There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. U U 2 /U /UUThe question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem concea
28、ls this from most people./U U U 3 /U /UUWe are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others./U Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by
29、our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. U U 4 /U /UUHere, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer./U U U 5 /U /UUIt is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because
30、 we cannot argue out the matter with some nonhuman mind./U The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may con
31、tain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jellyfish.（分数：30.00）_英语阅读(一)自考题-25 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Long ago Tasmania was attached to the landmass now known as the Australian mainland. Over the ages the great landmass slowly shifted and split
32、 and the section we now know as Tasmania detached. As the last Ice Age ended the sea level increased, forming the stretch of water now called Bass Strait.We also know that aboriginal people have inhabited Tasmania for at least 20,000 years. The first known Europeans to visit the island included the
33、Dutch explorer Abel Tasman who called the Island “Van Diemans Land“ in honour of his patron. On that same voyage Tasman also made landfall in New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji. In 1770 explorer James Cook claimed “the great south land“ for Britain and three years later the French explorer du Fresne and hi
34、s crew encountered aboriginals on the Tasmanian coast in a skirmish several aboriginals were shot. In 1802 the British established a small penal and whaling colony on the Derwent River at Risdon Cove.There were two major reasons for the British to establish a base in Tasmania. They intended to use t
35、he island as a place to dump convicts, six months voyage away from the British Isles. They also wanted to protect their claim to the land, especially against their long-term enemy, the French, and to exclude other countries from the rich whaling and sealing ground around the islands.（分数：10.00）(1).Th
36、e stretch of water formed at the end of the last Ice Age is now called _. A. Tasmania B. Derwent River C. Risdon Cove D. Bass Strait（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 题干问“在冰河世纪的最后阶段，水的延伸形成了现在的什么?”，文章第一段最后一句告诉了我们答案，“形成了我们现在称作巴斯的海峡”。(2).According to the passage, all the following Europeans explored Tasmania exce
37、pt _. A. Abel Tasman B. James Cook C. Van Dieman D. du Fresne（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 题干问“根据文章看，下列中哪一个不是发现 Tasmania 的人”，文章第二段分别提到了发现者 Abel Tasman、James Cook 及 du Fresne，没有提到 C。(3).When did explorer James Cook claim Tasmania for Britain? A. In 1770. B. In 1773. C. In !802. D. In 1820.（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D
38、解析：解析 题干问“James Cook 在什么时候宣布 Tasmania 为英国所有的?”，文章第二段倒数第二句告诉了我们答案，他于 1770 年宣布其为英国所有。(4).How long did it take the exiled convicts to get to Tasmania from the British Isles by sea? A. 3 months. B. 6 months. C. 10 months. D. 1 year.（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 题干问“被放逐的犯人花了多长时间才从英国到达 Tasmania”，文章第三段第二句话告诉我们“
39、six months voyage away from the British Isles”，由此得知答案为六个月。三、B第二部分 非选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.If the matter is on
40、e that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that U U 1 /U /U, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because U U 2 /U /U; b
41、ut if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until U U 3 /U /U. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because U U
42、4 /U /U.Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, U U 5 /U /U, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that U U 6 /U /U. If some one maintains th
43、at two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless U U 7 /U /Uthat his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology
44、 not in arithmetic, because U U 8 /U /U, but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, U U 9 /U /U; you will probably find, on examination, that U U 10 /U /U. It is a good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of biased opinions to become aware of those different from your own,A. I have been told that t
