1、2011年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：156.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is_by the shortage of the information media.（分数：2.00）A.compoundedB.highlightedC.minimizedD.dwarfed2.Some innovations were i
2、ntroduced when conditions_ the shift in the curriculum towards communicative goals is broadly associated with two major movements.（分数：2.00）A.grewB.adjustedC.allowedD.matured3.In his book on biotechnology, Rifkin_that “for now, the most important issue at hand is to make the new science and technolog
3、y an issue of considerable public attention.“（分数：2.00）A.hypothesizesB.maintainsC.mandatesD.speculates4.She complained that she had been_the opportunity to appeal against the courts decision.（分数：2.00）A.deprivedB.deniedC.delayedD.declined5.The conference appealed to the international community to join
4、tly_the issue of global warming.（分数：2.00）A.maneuverB.conspireC.testifyD.address6.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical_.（分数：2.00）A.facilitiesB.appliancesC.instrumentsD.equipment7.Under the teachers stern_, the little boy broke down and confessed to cheating.（分数：2.00）A.glanceB.glim
5、pseC.gazeD.stare8.She sounded so_that everyone present believed her story.（分数：2.00）A.persuadingB.convincingC.influencingD.actual9.It was rather_of them to have left all the housework for their mother to do.（分数：2.00）A.inconsiderateB.inconsistentC.unthinkingD.unfriendly10.You are required to fill out
6、this form and_it to the officer at that counter.（分数：2.00）A.yieldB.submitC.commitD.offer11.“May I use your dictionary for a while?“ “_. You are welcome to use anything of mine.“（分数：2.00）A.By and byB.By all meansC.By no meansD.By and large12.July was approaching, but the student was not sure what to_a
7、fter graduation.（分数：2.00）A.take downB.take inC.take upD.take over13.All the three TV channels provide extensive_of sports events.（分数：2.00）A.visionB.coverageC.broadcastD.network14.Mark is very set in his way, but John has a more_attitude towards life.（分数：2.00）A.changeableB.shiftedC.flexibleD.fluid15.
8、_that everyone couldnt help laughing at the sight of him.（分数：2.00）A.So absurd did he lookB.He looked so absurdC.So he looked absurdD.So he did look absurd16.Computers are_much part of everyones lives now that its difficult to imagine what people would do without them.（分数：2.00）A.suchB.soC.veryD.as17.
9、I will briefly discuss the benefits_I feel have resulted from the project.（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thoseC.of whichD.what18.The social worker claimed that it was impossible for the old man to live on his_pension.（分数：2.00）A.maximalB.massiveC.measurableD.meagre19.Her travels have_her belief that no country is
10、 better or worse than any other.（分数：2.00）A.securedB.enforcedC.establishedD.confirmed20.He has been hoping for a raise for the last four months but his boss is_to give him one.（分数：2.00）A.shrewdB.reluctantC.scepticD.rigorous21.According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically_to cons
11、truct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.（分数：2.00）A.practicalB.flexibleC.feasibleD.beneficial22.I hope you are not_that I obtained this money dishonestly.（分数：2.00）A.implyingB.involvingC.deducingD.denoting23.We must_the problem of poverty as soon as possible.（分数：2.00）A.abolishB.tackle
12、C.removeD.encounter24.Dont leave your bicycle out in the rain. Itll get_.（分数：2.00）A.rustyB.crudeC.roughD.tough25.Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss_the bread-winners death.（分数：2.00）A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result ofD.for the sake of26.At the beginning o
13、f this semester, our English teacher_a list of books for us to read.（分数：2.00）A.passed onB.fished outC.handed inD.made out27.Einsteins special Theory of Relativity is quite_me.（分数：2.00）A.out ofB.beyondC.fromD.over28.This refrigerator we bought last week is_satisfactory.（分数：2.00）A.by all meansB.by any
14、 meansC.by no meansD.by some means29.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving_for the states and liberty for individuals.（分数：2.00）A.autonomyB.dignityC.monopolyD.stability30.The mail was_for two days because of the snowstor
15、m.（分数：2.00）A.held backB.held outC.held upD.held on二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)A number of books like Reading Faces and Body Language have【C1】_the individuals tendency to broadcast things through all manner of【C2】_movement and facial gymnastics. Such matters, made widely familiar by pop sociology, anthrop
16、ology and psychology, have become the stuff of common conversation. Michael Kordas Power! How to Get It, How to Use It, is mainly a primer in how to【C3】_others by a cold-blooded control of【C4】_signals that occur commonly in the workaday world: for example, how executives signal their style of power【
17、C5】_the clothes they choose and the way they【C6】_their office furniture. 【C7】_work or play, everybody emits wordless signals of infinite variety. Overt, like a warm smile. Spontaneous, like a【C8】_eyebrow Involuntary, like leaning away from a salesperson to【C9】_a deal. Says Julius Fast in Body Langua
18、ge: “We rub our noses for puzzlement. We【C10】_our arms to【C11】_ourselves or to protect ourselves. We【C12】_our shoulders for indifference.“ Any competent psychiatrist remains alert to the expressions by which a patients hidden emotions make【C13】_known. People even signal by the odors they【C14】_, as J
19、anet Hopson【C15】_in superfluous detail in Scent Signals: The Silent Language of Sex. Actually, it is impossible for an individual to【C16】_signaling other people; the person who mutely【C17】_human intercourse sends out an unmistakable signal in the form of utter silence. Sociologist Dane Arche calls r
20、eading such signals “social intelligence.“ He said, “We must unshackle ourselves from the tendency to ignore silent behavior and to prefer words【C18】_everything else.“ The evidence all over is that【C19】_people wander the earth through thickets of verbiages, many, perhaps most, do pay more attention
21、to wordless signals and are more likely to be influenced and【C20】_by nonverbal messages.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.concernedB.exploredC.indicatedD.written(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.bodyB.individualC.physicalD.visible(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.manipulateB.conveyC.communicateD.dominate(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.obviousB.ac
22、ceptedC.nonverbalD.subtle(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.byB.ofC.inD.with(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitB.arrangeC.purchaseD.employ(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.UponB.InC.DuringD.At(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.elaboratedB.confinedC.revisedD.raised(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.embraceB.resistC.clutchD.extinguish(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.claspB.stretchC.a
23、rouseD.conceal(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.amuseB.fortifyC.isolateD.maintain(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.liftB.revertC.dedicateD.shrug(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.himB.themC.himselfD.themselves(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.spread outB.evoke outC.giveoffD.depend on(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.documentsB.preachesC.describesD.dramatizes(16).【
24、C16】（分数：2.00）A.permeateB.avoidC.reckonD.ignore(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.guards againstB.restrains fromC.integrates withD.withdraws from(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.overC.beyondD.upon(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.thoughC.whileD.whether(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.fabricatedB.transformedC.apprehendedD.governed三、Read
25、ing Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)Changeor the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environmentis essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: He can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, p
26、erhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can not adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement
27、 backwards, which is decay and deterioration. In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide(without insisting that its path is the only one), it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to changed ci
28、rcumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol(偶像、崇拜)of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by th
29、e past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to adopt the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.（分数：10.00）(1).The author maintains that if we want to get al
30、ong with the world_.（分数：2.00）A.industry must be developed at the expense of farmlandB.farmers must try to get some job trainingC.trade and defense are essentialD.change is indispensable(2).The farmers case in Para. 1 is given as an example of_.（分数：2.00）A.the trend of economic developmentB.the course
31、 of human evolutionC.the need of adaptabilityD.the importance of social change(3).“The hunter and the nervous hostess“ in Para. 2 are referring to people who_.（分数：2.00）A.are ignorant and uninformedB.are well aware of customs limitationsC.become an obstacle on the path of progressD.constitute the for
32、ce for good(4).The author warns us that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is misleading to accept tradition as a guideB.excessive devotion to tradition may bring us troublesC.we must accept the guidance tradition offers usD.tradition is obstacle lying on the path of change(5).This passage manly discusses the relations
33、hip between_.（分数：2.00）A.industry and agricultureB.evil tradition and good traditionC.man and the changing worldD.tradition and changeThe establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident. McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of
34、 Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the weak ecosystem that makes up it. The days events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet for
35、the present and long into the future. The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earth reminding us of Earths beauti
36、ful systems of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore.“ Earth Day was established as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equi
37、nox. When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970, twenty million participants nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities and 12, 000 college and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was indust
38、rial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet we live in. Those celebrations led to powerful public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution. Over the years, the iss
39、ues of concern have expanded greatly into all aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes from vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and activism continue with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable
40、and enduring ecosystem. Earth Day activities are supported and sponsored by a large network of organizations, government agencies, businesses, universities, and institutions. They work diligently each year to make Earth day events meaningful and relevant to the inhabitants of Planet Earth. The regul
41、ar observance of this holiday fixes environmental values into the national consciousness and provides an opportunity to introduce environmental issues into schools, media and public events. It should be noted that Earth Day activities have been instrumental in bringing about many of the significant
42、environmental changes that have taken place in the last three decades.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage is mainly concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.how to start a national holidayB.when the Earth day was introducedC.the reasons for establishing the Earth DayD.the origin and movement of the Earth Day(2).According
43、to the passage, on March 21,_.（分数：2.00）A.the board accepted the proposal of McConnellB.the United Nations declared an Earth Day celebrationC.day and night are equally divided throughout the worldD.the earth is at its most beautiful moment throughout the year(3).Which of the following dates is defini
44、tely an international Earth Day?（分数：2.00）A.October 1,1969.B.March 21, 1970.C.April 22, 1970.D.March 21, 1972.(4).Which of the following statements is correct?（分数：2.00）A.Only college students and scholars participated in the activities on the first Earth Day.B.The movement has grown from concern over
45、 industrial pollution to all kinds of environmental pollution.C.Some people cry for the abandonment of all vehicles and agriculture because of their pollution.D.A sustainable and enduring ecosystem should be maintained at the cost of housing and private property.(5).It can be concluded that_.（分数：2.0
46、0）A.many organizations and businesses suffer vast losses as a result of Earth Day campaignB.people have learned to use Earth Day activities as instrument to acquire what they wantC.supporters work hard to make the whole nation aware of Earth Day events by publicizing them in mediaD.Earth Day activit
47、ies have succeeded in changing our environment over the past yearsReading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteen century the term “reading“ undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth did
48、silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most
49、 adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. Reading for th
